Transcript Effects of 2,4-D on Anthocyanin Pigments in Red Norland

Effects of 2,4-D on
Anthocyanin Pigments in Red
Norland Potatoes (Solanum
tuberosum)
Shannon Engelman 2007
University of MN
Department of Horticulture
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2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic
acid (2,4-D)
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Background
• Light intensity and hue angle decreases
(Rosen, et al.)
Components of Color
• Light intensity
• Chroma (saturation)
• Hue angle
www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf
Components of Color
• Light intensity
• Chroma (saturation)
• Hue angle
www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf
Components of Color
• Light intensity
• Chroma (saturation)
• Hue angle
www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf
Components of Color
• Light intensity
• Chroma (saturation)
• Hue angle
www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf
Background
• Light intensity and hue angle decreases
(Rosen, et al.)
• Coloration affects sales (Fults, et al.)
Background
• Light intensity and hue angle decreases
(Rosen, et al.)
• Coloration affects sales (Fults, et al.)
• 2,4-D harmful, LD50 of 1500 ppm (MSDS found at
http://fscimage.fishersci.com/msds/96919.htm)
Goal
• To determine visual color, anthocyanin
accumulation, and UFGT accumulation
differences
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic
Pathway
LDOX
UFGT
leucocyanidinanthocyanidinanthocyanin 3-glucoside
(Keifenheim, et al.)
Hypotheses
With 2,4-D application:
• Increase in UFGT accumulation
Hypotheses
With 2,4-D application:
• Increase in UFGT accumulation
• Change in color (Rosen, et al.)
Hypotheses
With 2,4-D application:
• Increase in UFGT accumulation
• Change in color (Rosen, et al.)
• Increase in anthocyanin accumulation
Methods
Colorimetry
http://www.recreonics.com/images3/pocket_colorimeter.gif
Components of Color
• Light intensity
• Chroma (saturation)
• Hue angle
www.xrite.com/documents/literature/en/L11-029_color_guide_en.pdf
Anthocyanin Accumulation
Quantifying UFGT
RNA
Quantifying UFGT
RNA
cDNA
reverse transcription
Quantifying UFGT
RNA
cDNA
reverse transcription
qPCR
Amplified
UFGT
Results
S
S
Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle,
Anthocyanin Accumulation
Field Study
Cont rol
Treatment
Analysis of
Variance
p-value
Greenhouse Study
L
47
45
C
2 8.1
3 0.5
H
1 2.1
7 .4
A
0 .24
0 .52
L
51
45
C
2 5.7
2 8.8
H
8 .1
0 .1
A
0 .17
0 .18
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.05
<.01
>.05
<.01
>.05
Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle,
Anthocyanin Accumulation
Field Study
Cont rol
Treatment
Analysis of
Variance
p-value
Greenhouse Study
L
47
45
C
2 8.1
3 0.5
H
1 2.1
7 .4
A
0 .24
0 .52
L
51
45
C
2 5.7
2 8.8
H
8 .1
0 .1
A
0 .17
0 .18
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.05
<.01
>.05
<.01
>.05
Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle,
Anthocyanin Accumulation
Field Study
Cont rol
Treatment
Analysis of
Variance
p-value
Greenhouse Study
L
47
45
C
2 8.1
3 0.5
H
1 2.1
7 .4
A
0 .24
0 .52
L
51
45
C
2 5.7
2 8.8
H
8 .1
0 .1
A
0 .17
0 .18
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.05
<.01
>.05
<.01
>.05
Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle,
Anthocyanin Accumulation
Field Study
Cont rol
Treatment
Analysis of
Variance
p-value
Greenhouse Study
L
47
45
C
2 8.1
3 0.5
H
1 2.1
7 .4
A
0 .24
0 .52
L
51
45
C
2 5.7
2 8.8
H
8 .1
0 .1
A
0 .17
0 .18
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.05
<.01
>.05
<.01
>.05
Light Intensity, Chroma, Hue Angle,
Anthocyanin Accumulation
Field Study
Cont rol
Treatment
Analysis of
Variance
p-value
Greenhouse Study
L
47
45
C
2 8.1
3 0.5
H
1 2.1
7 .4
A
0 .24
0 .52
L
51
45
C
2 5.7
2 8.8
H
8 .1
0 .1
A
0 .17
0 .18
<.01
<.01
<.01
<.05
<.01
>.05
<.01
>.05
UFGT Field Data
Transcript Level Relative to Actin
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
C on
+2,4
UFGT Greenhouse Data
Transcript Level Relative to Actin
0.35
0.3
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05
Cont
+2,4
Conclusion
• Visual color significantly changed (light
intensity, hue angle)
Conclusion
• Visual color significantly changed (light
intensity, hue angle)
• Anthocyanin accumulation unchanged
Conclusion
• Visual color significantly changed (light
intensity, hue angle)
• Anthocyanin accumulation unchanged
• UFGT accumulation decreased
Future Work
• Look at petunidin (purple) vs.
pelargonidin (red) anthocyanins
Acknowledgements
• Dr. Cindy Tong
• Harpartap Mann
• Dr. Carl Rosen
• Ms. Fruen
• Team Research
Effects of 2,4-D on
Anthocyanin Pigments in Red
Norland Potatoes (Solanum
tuberosum)
Shannon Engelman 2007