Transcript Document

SECTION 2
The History Of
CULTURAL
Influences
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 0
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Understanding
Human Differences
Multicultural Education for a Diverse America
3rd Edition
By
Kent L. Koppelman
Chapter 4
Immigration and Oppression:
The Assault on Cultural and Language
Diversity
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Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 1
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 2
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Important Terms
Assimilation:
• Immigrants adopt cultural traits from
their host country
• Absorbed into society
Americanization:
• Schools indoctrinate immigrant
children to abandon their heritage
• Conform to American ways
Anti-Semitism:
• Having prejudices and/or stereotypes
for or discriminating against Jews
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 3
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Important Terms
Xenophobia:
• Fear of or prejudice against people
immigrating from other nations
Nativism:
• Ideology among native inhabitants
opposed to immigrants
• Certain immigrants are perceived as
threatening or dangerous
Native American Party:
• Nativist group who wanted eligibility
for citizenship increased from 5 years
to 21 years
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 4
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Causes of Xenophobia and
Nativism in the United States
Nativism as anti-Catholicism
Response to increased number
of Catholic immigrants:
1820 = 200,000 Catholics
in the U.S.
1850 = More than 2,000,000
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 5
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Causes of Xenophobia and
Nativism in the United States
Nativism as anti-radicalism
Immigrants actively
engage in forming
labor unions to get
better wages
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 6
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How successful were
the NATIVISTS in
their political
activities
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 7
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Know Nothing Party
candidates represented
• almost HALF of the
House of Representatives
• 8 of 62 in the Senate
• 9 State Governors
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 8
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Why did NATIVISISM
fail to become a
dominant movement in
the United States
SLAVERY,
not immigration,
became the
dominant issue
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 9
Copyright
Allyn &
Bacon 2008
© 2011©Pearson
Education,
Inc
What new
development affected
XENOPHOBIC
attitudes in the
United States
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 10
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
• Race theories became popular
– the race of immigrants
became a concern
• Jews were identified as a race
– Anti-Semitism against
immigrant Jews
• The 1924 immigration law
restricted immigration
primarily to white groups
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 11
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What major change in
IMMIGRATION LAW was
enacted in 1965
Racial Quotas were ELIMINATED
(Since 1965, 80% of immigrants
have been people of color)
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 12
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How is the “English Only”
movement an example of
XENOPHOBIC
behavior
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 13
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• 90% of America’s residents
speak fluent English
• Less than 6% of Americans
speak NO English
• Movement funded by groups like
the Pioneer Fund
– history of xenophobic
and racist activities
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 14
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Language Diversity in
the United States
• 25% of all K-12 students are
from homes where a
language other than English
is spoken
• Over 75% of those students
speak Spanish
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 15
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Bilingualism in the
United States
• Most people in the world are
bilingual or multilingual
• Latinos:
– 98% fluent in English
– 35% fluent in Spanish
Children of immigrants lose
their native language by the
3rd generation
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 16
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Bilingual Education
• Intended to FOSTER (not prevent)
assimilation
• Values learning diversity and
bilingualism
• Values multiple cultural
perspectives
• Recent research supports bilingual
education for English Language
Learners (ELLs)
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 17
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Advantages of Increased
Bilingualism in the U.S.
• Diplomacy/Security - enhances
negotiations and detecting
terrorist activities
• Economic - enhances global trade
• Educational - enhances teacher
education and K-12 language
learning
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 18
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What American
NATIVIST attitudes
exist today
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 19
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• Much anti-immigrant sentiment
is directed against Latinos
– especially undocumented workers
(illegal immigrants)
• Claim that undocumented
workers receive social services
– Contradicted by a University of
California-Davis study
• Many Americans disapprove of
bilingual signs and other Latino
influences on U.S. culture
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 20
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
How do immigrants
contribute to the
American economy
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 21
Copyright
Allyn &
Bacon 2008
© 2011©Pearson
Education,
Inc
• $10 Billion spent in U.S.
annually by legal and
illegal immigrants
• Latino entrepreneurs
increased 30% in five
years by 2003
• Businesses beginning to
target Latino consumers
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 22
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What myths about
immigrants are widely
believed by
Americans
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 23
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Myth:
“Immigrants arrive ignorant
with little education or money
and go on welfare.”
Reality:
20-25% of immigrants have
college degrees
The number on welfare is
similar to the percentage of
non-immigrants on welfare
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 24
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Myth:
“Past and present immigrants have
wanted to cling to their culture and
refuse to assimilate”
Reality:
New immigrants want to preserve
elements of their culture, but
show a strong desire to become
American
Backlogs of applications for
citizenship have delayed their
requests by years
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 25
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Myth:
“The U.S. takes more immigrants
than other countries.”
Reality:
Most immigrants are refugees
The U.S. accepts less than 1% of
refugees – far less than other
countries
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 26
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Myth:
“Too many illegal immigrants are
getting into the U.S.”
Reality:
Illegal immigrants represent only
13% of the immigrant population
and 2% of the U.S. population
Many Europeans overstay their 90
day visas yet are not viewed as
“illegal”
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 27
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Myth:
“Illegal immigrants cause increased
crime, disease, and terrorism in
the U.S.”
Reality:
No medical research reports an
increase in diseases due to
immigrants
Research on crime concluded:
“immigrants aren’t a crime
problem”
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 28
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Myth:
“Immigrants are taking away
jobs from Americans.”
Reality:
Studies show that immigrants
create jobs wherever they
settle
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 4 - 29
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc