Transcript Slide 1

Understanding
Human Differences
Multicultural Education for a Diverse America
3rd Edition
By
Kent L. Koppelman
Section 2
Chapter 7
Rejecting Oppressive Relationships:
The Logic of Cultural Pluralism for a Diverse
Society
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Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 0
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 1
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Diversity in the United States
•
Whites will become a numerical minority
sometime in the 21st century – possibly as early
as 2050
• There are more people of color than whites in
- California
- New Mexico
- Hawaii
- Texas
• People of color constitute 40% of the population
in
- Arizona
- Florida
- Georgia
- Maryland
- Mississippi
- New York
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 2
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
How have members of
the majority responded
to DIVERSITY
• Some people support
diversity for potential
advantages it offers
• Others fear it will be a
disruptive force in America
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 3
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Attitudes about Diversity
Perspectives on RACIAL
and ETHNIC diversity:
- Anglo Conformity
- Melting Pot
- Separatism
- Cultural Pluralism
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 4
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What does it mean to have
an Anglo Conformity
perspective
• Immigrants must get rid
of their old language and
culture
• They must conform to
white, middle class norms
to become successful
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 5
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
How did the Bureau of
Indian Affairs boarding
schools promote
Anglo conformity with
Indian children
• BIA schools were
committed to transforming
Indian children into white
children
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 6
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Before and After
Navajo student
Tom Torlino
Source: Princeton Collections of Western Americana.
Princeton University Library
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 7
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Which immigrant
groups benefited from
Anglo conformity
Individuals from white ethnic
groups were more likely to
be rewarded for conforming
Even if people of color
conformed, skin color
remained a difference
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 8
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What does it mean to
describe America as a
melting pot
Each American has been
shaped by all of the ethnic
groups that have settled in
the United States
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 9
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Source: Courtesy of Michigan State University Museum
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 10
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 11
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Being “color-blind”:
Pretending not to see skin
color denies an important
part of one’s identity for a
person of color
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 12
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
How is the separatist
perspective negative
Separatists believe that…
• differences between groups
are ineradicable and inevitably
cause hostility
• we must “stick to our own kind”
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 13
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What attitudes about
diversity reflect a
pluralistic perspective
Based on a belief in
• equality of opportunity for
all people
• respect for human dignity
• no single pattern of living
is good for everyone
(Pai and Adler, 1999)
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 14
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What are some
criticisms of
PLURALISM
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 15
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Criticisms
• Pluralism:
- Too much about groups
- Not enough about individuality
- Not enough about being an American
• Response:
- Belonging to a group shapes
individuality
- Be proud of your ethnicity AND of
being an American
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 16
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Why should American
society become
PLURALISTIC
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 17
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
• Anglo conformity fails to accept
differences and treat all groups
equitably
• Negative impact on self-consciousness
and self-determination for minorities
- abilities are doubted
- struggle against demeaning attitudes
• Necessity for human interdependence
in a complex and diverse society
• Diversity as an ideal should be
embraced as a general principle
• Existence of diversity presents great
potential
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 18
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Source: R.W. Terry (1975).
For Whites Only (2nd ed.)
Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans
Bigot
Conformist
(Male Chauvinist,
Elitist, etc.)
Pluralist
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 19
Conformist
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Must one be actively
involved in change to
be a PLURALIST
• To be passive means to
conform
• Anyone who conforms to
the status quo perpetuates
problems (e.g. racism,
sexism, etc.) that go with it
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 20
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
What kinds of
activities can create
social change
Many tactics have
historically been used to
convince people in power
to make changes for those
without power
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 21
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc
Tactics for Social Change
• Dialogue - persuade the people in power
to change
• Confrontation - demonstrations, sit-ins,
marches to arouse public support
• Economic Pressure – boycott to force
dialogue
• Research and Feedback – identify causes
of problems and propose solutions
• Inside-Outside Alliance – get someone
elected to a decision-making body to
present the unrepresented group’s
perspective
• Violence - attack people or property to
dramatize an issue (e.g., Boston Tea
Party, urban riots)
Understanding Human Differences
3rd Edition - Koppelman
Chapter 7 - 22
© 2011 Pearson Education, Inc