Transcript ZeJN in gradnja

SUSTAINABILITY AND BUILDINGS –
FROM ENERGY EFFICIENCY
TOWARDS ECO-EFFECTIVENESS
Miha Tomšič, M.Sc., Civ.Eng.
Building and Civil Engineering Institute ZRMK
GREEN 2nd Centralised Training Session and International
Workshop, Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Slovenia,
February 24, 2011
Building sector:
particularities
High investment costs (new build, reconstruction, major
renovation).
Long lifetime of a building as a built structure and of
built-in construction products (e.g. facade, windows).
Shorter lifetime of elements and devices, which comprise
technical support building systems (e.g. boiler, a/c unit).
Complexity – a building is a constitution of numerous
components, which need to be carefully coordinated.
Interdependence – a change in one component or its
property can significantly influence performance of other
components and entire building.
Building sector:
wider aspects
Economic and social framework
(global, national and local level; market development;
competitiveness; general social standard; workplaces; security
of supply; etc.).
Long-term environmental impact
(transport, materials, energy, emissions, waste).
Influence on end-users
(operational and maintenace costs; health and hygiene
aspects; comfort; productivity; etc.).
EU Building sector in numbers
Range: 21 billion m2
Annual level of activities:
- new construction 1%
- demolition 0,5%
- renovation 1,8%
Fact: 40% of final energy demand, 36% of CO2
emissions, almost 50% of waste.
Expenses in the public sector: 40% for products
and services related to buildings.
EU Building sector potential and trends
Estimation by International Energy Agency (IEA):
- new construction:
long-term energy saving potential 70-75%;
- renovation of existing building stock:
energy saving potential 55-80%, depending on the
building type, its present condition and geographic
location.
Fact: monitoring of progress shows that current dynamics leads
only to 11% instead of 20% of energy savings until 2010.
Buildings and sustainability
Flashback:
1987, United Nations World Commission on Environment and
Development (WCED):
Our Common Future, also known as the Brundtland Report*
1992: Agenda 21; The Rio Declaration; Commission on
Sustainable Development.
*Sustainable development:
"development that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their
own needs"
Buildings and sustainability
Many names, many explanations
ASPECTS:
ENERGY
ECOLOGICAL
&
ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMICAL
SOCIAL
Most
difficult to
assess
and to
quantify
EU Building sector examples of related legislation
- Construction Products Directive
(“CPD”; 89/106/EEC)
- Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings
(“EPBD”; 2002/91/EC)
- Directive on energy end-use efficiency and energy services
(“ESD”; 2006/32/EC)
- Directive on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources
(2009/28/EC)
- Directive establishing a framework for the setting of ecodesign
requirements for energy-related products
(“Eco-Design”; 2009/125/EC)
- Recast of the EPBD (2009->2010)
An example of building energy certificate (Slovenia)
Architectural
design,
building
envelope
Consumption
(energy bills)
RES, energy
source,
emissions
Recast EPBD
(18 Nov. 2009) – a step further
– Minimum requirements …
• … for energy efficiency (new construction and refurbishment) shall
be cost-effective
(assessment of costs during the whole building lifetime - LCC (Life Cycle
Costs))
– Energy certificates
• indicator: primary energy
• selling and renting: energy class announced
– Almost zero-energy* buildings
• after 2018: all new public buildings (as an example for private sector)
• 2020: all new buildings
* common term replacing/comprising passive houses, low-energy houses etc.; also: zeroemission and zero-carbon buildings
New EU strategy 2020 sustainable growth and employment (March 2010)
Continuation and upgrade of the “too bureaucratic” Lisbon
strategy (economical, social and ecological pillar).
Europe 2020: 5 basic goals
- 75 % of population aged 20-64 let employed
- 3% EU GDP invested in R&D
- Environmental and energy goals 20/20/20*
must be fulfilled
- School drop-out less than 10%, at least 40% of youth
with higher education
- Reduce no. of people on the poverty verge by 20
million
* Confirmation of the 2007 agreement:
Reduction of CO2 emissions by 20% (base: 1990)
20% RES share in final energy
Increased energy efficiency by 20%
Member states shall set national targets to support the EU 2020
strategy.
New EU energy strategy “Energy 2020”
Priorities:
-
Energy efficiency
Consolidation of the energy market
Technological development and promotion
Access to reliable, safe and competitive enery
International relations
Informal meeting of EU ministers responsible for energy sector,
September 2010: efficient use of energy as a starting point,
existing buildings are the key to positive results.
New EU strategy for energy efficiency
DG: Energy, Environment, Enterprise and Industry
DG Enterprise and Industry:
A Lead Market Innitiative (2008-2011)
– 6 areas with high potential growth and innovation
potential; elimination of obstacles fro penetration of new
technologies; “Sustainable construction”.
Action plan for sustainable construction (2008-2011)
– Performance based national leislation
– Public procurement: guidelines for best economic
offer; use of LCC (Life Cycle Costing); encouragement of
use of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) for construction
products (EPD) and buildings.
– Labels, certificates: Development of voluntary
performance criteria for sustainable construction
(incentives, promotion).
– Upgrade of Eurocodes to include other sustainable
aspects of construction, e.g. energy and enviromental
Practical consequences –
possible areas of intervention
Reduction of transmission heat losses
- new materials and elements; new installation techniques
(example: windows), elimination of thermal bridges …
(where are the limits?)
Reduction of ventilation losses
– Low envelope permeability
– Controlled ventilation with heat recovery
>> Blower door test
Practical consequences –
possible areas of intervention
Responsibility of end-users
(behavioural aspects, patterns of use)
Larger share of RES
(Slovenia: 25% of energy demand to be covered by RES, or energy
demand >30% lower than regulation criteria)
Materials with low embodied energy
– But they must be functionally and technically
comparable to “traditional” or “standard”
materials on the market
Decisions can be made at any particular
stage, depending on the scope
- design
- construction
- maintenance
- demolition and disposal
… and on different levels
- design and construction
procedures
- properties of materials, products,
and systems
- overall building properties
(performance)
Criteria
Qualitative
- references of design or construction team
- description of protocols
(e.g. transport, construction, …)
- use of particular calculation methods
-…
Quantitative
- thermal and environmental characterists of materials
- building energy class
- (technical) lifetime of a product
-…
Combined
“Green scenario” in this moment
Energy efficiency level of the building
(class A, B, …)
RES (source, share)
LCC – life-cycle costs
(at least for certain components)
Environmental influence and health
(emissions, choice of materials; building in use)
NPV OF COSTS IN BUILDING LIFE TIME
NPV OF COSTS IN BUILDING LIFE TIME (VAR2 - before)
INVESTMENT, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE
0
10
20
30
BUILDING LIFE TIME
40
50
60
building life time
2036
2034
2032
2030
2028
€ 0,00
2026
€ 200.000,00
2024
€ 400.000,00
INV STROŠKI
2022
VAR6
OBR STROŠKI
2020
€ 600.000,00
VZD STROŠKI
2018
VAR4
VAR5
VAR5a
€ 800.000,00
2016
VAR2
VAR2a
VAR3
€ 1.000.000,00
€ 800.000,00
€ 700.000,00
€ 600.000,00
€ 500.000,00
€ 400.000,00
€ 300.000,00
€ 200.000,00
€ 100.000,00
€ 0,00
2006
NPV [EUR]
€ 1.200.000,00
NPV
VAR1
2014
€ 1.400.000,00
2012
€ 1.600.000,00
2010
€ 1.800.000,00
2008
COSTS OF RENOVATION SCENARIOS - INVESTMENT, MAINTENANCE, OPERATION
Hot topics for the present and
for the near future
• Holistic approach (system as a whole)
• Development of labels and “open”assessment
methods
• LCC; Life-Cycle Costs
• LCA; Life-Cycle Assessment (products and
services); also known as “cradle to grave”
• EPD; Environmental Product Declaration
(environmental performance of products and
systems; based on LCA)
…
• New(er) concepts: “cradle to cradle”
• Efficiency >>> effectiveness
...
Our sustainable actions do have an influence 
Thank you for your attention!
[email protected]