Transcript BUILDINGS CONCERTED ACTION

EPBD Concerted Action
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Recast of the EPBD
How will the EPBD change and
what are the challenges ahead?
ASIEPI web event Comparing Energy Performance
Requirements Across Europe (II) – 24 February 2010
Eduardo Maldonado
Professor, Mechanical Engineering
Univ. of Porto - Portugal
Coordinator – EU Buildings Concerted Action
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EPBD Concerted Action
Original EPBD
OBJECTIVES and MEASURES
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Objectives
Promoting the improvement of energy performance of
buildings within the EU through cost-effective measures,
with no compromise to comfort and Indoor air quality.
Convergence of building standards towards those of
Member States which already have ambitious levels.
The measures
Apply a Methodology for integrated building energy performance
standards based on common minimum requirements
Application of these standards on new and existing buildings
Certification schemes for all buildings
Inspection & assessment of boilers/heating and cooling installations
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EPBD Concerted Action
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Status of Implementation of the EPBD
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released
Feb. 2009
Download from
www.epbd-ca.eu
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EPBD Concerted Action
The Future of the EPBD
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Not every MS completed implementation yet.
Some MS implemented the EPBD with less than
ambitious goals.
 The EU Commission wished to tighten requirements on MS to achieve a rapid convergence with
initial goals and the most ambitious MS.
 The recast of the EPBD covers all the essential
points to push MS towards its correct and credible
implementation, based on best practices identified
during the EPBD Concerted Action
 But the EPBD recast goes much further, posing
perhaps the biggest challenges to MS:
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It extends the application of the EPBD to a larger
spectrum of buildings;
It requires every new building to become a “Near Zero
Energy” building by 2020;
It requires MS to establish ambitious plans to bring the
existing building stock to “near zero energy” by 2020.
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EPBD Concerted Action
In the current EPBD:
Minimum standards for all buildings
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New buildings
Application of the minimum energy performance standards
to all new buildings. Requirements should become more
demanding than pre-EPBD national standards, and revised,
at least, every 5 years.
Consider the feasibility of renewable energy, CHP, etc., for
all new buildings over 1000 m².
Existing buildings
Application of the minimum energy performance standards
to existing buildings larger than 1000 m² when they undergo a major renovation.
Most MS are adopting new, improved, more demanding building regulations.
Integration of Cooling reqs. and difficult issues (e.g., Renewables) still lagging.
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EPBD Concerted Action
New developments in the Recast
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Minimum requirements, though still defined by MS, must be
bounded by the results of a “cost-optimum” methodology,
based on the concept of life-cycle cost – this will bring MS
towards similar cost-effective levels of demand;
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This methodology (to become available in 2011) will take
into account climate, local conditions and typical patterns
of use (e.g., intermittent use);
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Minimum requirements no longer only for the envelope:
they must also include technical systems (e.g., ventilation,
boilers, A/C,..) – ventilation systems now explicitly included;
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Every major rehabilitation must obey minimum requirements (the 1000 m2 limit is removed – e.g., every small
residential buildings must also be improved upon major
renovation) –high potential impact in energy savings;
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Every improvement in any component with energy
implications must be brought up to minimum standards,
even if no major renovation (e.g, roof, windows, boiler, ...).
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EPBD Concerted Action
In the current EPBD:
ENERGY CERTIFICATES
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When buildings are constructed, sold or
rented out an energy performance certificate
is to be made available to the prospective
buyer or tenant
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Public Buildings to set an example by being
certified regularly and visibly
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All large buildings (> 1000 m2) visited
regularly by the public to display energy
certificate prominently
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EPBD Concerted Action
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Certification of Buildings
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The forms of the certificates and the rules for advice on
energy efficiency improvements have been designed in many
different ways among MS. However, they all seem fit for their
desired purpose.
ENERGIEAUSWEIS
für Nichtwohngebäude
gemäß den §§ 16 ff. Energieeinsparverordnung (EnEV)
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Berechneter Energiebedarf des Gebäudes
„Gesamtenergieeffizienz“
Primärenergiebedarf
Dieses Gebäude:
kWh/(m²·a)
0
100
200
300
EnEV-Anforderungswert
Neubau
400
500
600
700
800
900 1000 >1000
EnEV-Anforderungswert
modernisierter Altbau
CO2-Emissionen *
kg/(m²·a)
Nachweis der Einhaltung des § 3 oder § 9 Abs. 1 der EnEV (Vergleichswerte)
Primärenergiebedarf
Energetische Qualität der Gebäudehülle
Gebäude Ist-Wert
EnEV-Anforderungs-Wert
Energieträger
kWh/(m²a)
Gebäude Ist-Wert HT’
W/(m²K)
kWh/(m²a)
EnEV-Anforderungs-Wert HT’
W/(m²K)
„Normverbrauch“
Endenergiebedarf
Jährlicher Endenergiebedarf in kWh/(m2·a) für
Warmwasser
Eingebaute
Lüftung
Kühlung einschl.
Beleuchtung
Befeuchtung
Heizung
Gebäude
insgesamt
Aufteilung Energiebedarf
Heizung
[kWh/(m2·a)]
Warmwasser
Eingebaute
Beleuchtung
Lüftung
Kühlung einschl.
Befeuchtung
Gebäude
insgesamt
Nutzenergie
Endenergie
Primärenergie
Erneuerbare Energien
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Gebäudezonen
Einsetzbarkeit alternativer Energieversorgungssysteme nach
§ 5 EnEV vor Baubeginn berücksichtigt
Nr.
Zone
Fläche [m²]
Anteil [%]
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Erneuerbare Energieträger werden genutzt für:
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Heizung
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Warmwasser
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Lüftung
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Kühlung
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Eingebaute Beleuchtung
Lüftungskonzept
Die Lüftung erfolgt durch:
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Fensterlüftung
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Lüftungsanlage ohne Wärmerückgewinnung
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Schachtlüftung
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Lüftungsanlage mit Wärmerückgewinnung
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weitere Zonen in Anlage
Erläuterungen zum Berechnungsverfahren
Das verwendete Berechnungsverfahren ist durch die EnEV vorgegeben. Insbesondere wegen standardisierter Randbedingungen erlauben
die angegebenen Werte keine Rückschlüsse auf den tatsächlichen Energieverbrauch. Die ausgewiesenen Bedarfswerte sind spezifische
Werte nach der EnEV pro Quadratmeter Gebäudenutzfläche (AN). Die oben als EnEV-Anforderungswert bezeichneten Anforderungen der
EnEV sind nur im Falle des Neubaus und der Modernisierung nach § 9 Abs. 1 EnEV bindend.
* freiwillige Angabe
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EPBD Concerted Action
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What changes in the EPBD recast:
ENERGY CERTIFICATES
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When buildings are constructed, sold or
rented out an energy performance
certificate is to be made available to the
prospective buyer or tenant
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Public Buildings to set an example by
being certified regularly and visibly
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All large buildings (> 1000 m2) visited
regularly by the public to display energy
certificate prominently
• Definition of buildings with
display of certificate more
clear and encompassing;
When buildings are rented or
sold, the certificate must be
part of the advertisement, not
just at the moment of sale;
• 1000 m2 limit to become 500 m2
in 2012 and 250 m2 in 2015.
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EPBD Concerted Action
In the current EPBD:
Certification of Buildings
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The main concern for every MS
has been:
keep the costs down
thus:
MS had to make a compromise between accuracy,
quality, reproducibility and the costs and the time
needed for issuing certificates.
Some of the compromises in some MS were rather
drastic…
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EPBD Concerted Action
New developments in the Recast
Certification Quality Systems
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MS to keep central (or regional) databases of issued
certificates;
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MS required to make a check on the quality of a significant
sample of the issued certificates, and issue penalties for
errors of the Qualified Experts;
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Qualified Experts must be recognised on the basis of their
competence (better education and training);
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EPBD Concerted Action
In the current EPBD:
Inspection and assessment of
heating & cooling installations
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Heating systems
Inspected regularly: boilers with an effective rated output
between 20 kW and 100 kW
Inspected every 2 years: boilers with an effective rated output
over 100 kW
Boilers larger than 20 kW and older than 15 years: the entire
heating installations should be inspected. Advice should be given
on alternative solutions which could reduce energy consumption
Cooling systems
Regular inspection of air-conditioning systems with an output of
more than 12kW, including room systems used together.
Inspections of boilers can be replaced by information campaigns.
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EPBD Concerted Action
New developments in the Recast
- Inspections
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The role and quality of the inspections is improved;
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Inspections of boilers become inspections of heating
systems (gas boilers between 20 kW and 100 kW no longer
exempted)
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Ventilation systems are included in AC inspections;
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An “option B” (replacement by Information Campaigns) also
becomes possible for AC systems;
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For every inspection, one report, including recomendations;
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Inspection reports must also be kept in central databases
and subject to quality control as building certificates.
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Inspections can be less frequent in systems with electronic
monitoring and control.
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EPBD Concerted Action
The major challenges of the EPBD recast
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Every new building must be a “Near Zero Energy”
building by 2020
And every new building occupied by Public Authorities
after 2018 must also be a “Near Zero Energy” (Public
Buildings as a leading role)
"nearly zero energy building" means a building that has a
very high energy performance, determined in accordance
with Annex I. The nearly zero or very low amount of energy
required should to a very significant extent be covered by
energy from renewable sources, including renewable
energy produced on-site or nearby.
MS must really start soon an implementation
plan to reach this ambitious goal in one decade!
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EPBD Concerted Action
The major challenges of the EPBD recast
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MS to establish ambitious plans to bring the existing
building stock to “near zero energy” by 2020.
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And the Public Sector must stimulate the transformation
of buildings that are refurbished into nearly zero energy
buildings.
The major open issue in the EPBD recast: What is
“ambitious”? 1%, 5%, 20%, 50%,...??
Certainly, the level of ambition will vary a lot from MS to MS
and by type of building.
This will require major investments. The EC and MS must
come up with policies, financial instruments and support
schemes.
How to convince private owners to invest in a major retrofit?
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EPBD Concerted Action
Implementation
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MS have two years to transpose the new recast Directive.
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Until 2012, MS must continue (+ improve) implementation
of the current EPBD, with a view of the needed changes
that must take place after 2012.
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MS must provide regular progress reports to the EC
(suggested: as part of the national energy plans required
by the ESD, every three years).
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MS not allowed to support building rehabilitation that does
not meet at least “cost-optimum” criteria.
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The EC shall review the recast EPBD in 2017.
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EPBD Concerted Action
Conclusions
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The spirit of the current EPBD is completely kept, but its
objectives are strengthened.
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The recast EPBD again states that only cost-effective
measures are required.
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There has been a large effort to remove ambiguity from
critical issues (e.g., public buildings, ventilation systems,
etc.,…), but other new ambiguous issues are introduced
(e.g., cost-optimum measures, ambitious targets,
significant sample,…).
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The bold objectives for 2020 (zero energy buildings and
ambitious rehabilitation of existing buildings) will require a
major commitment by Governments and citizens alike.
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2020 is tomorrow… MS will have a lot to discuss in the new
Concerted Action for the next five years….
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EPBD Concerted Action
For updated information from MS views,
you are invited to visit regularly the CA website
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