Transcript RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOUTH

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE SOUTH
CHAPTER 22
QUESTION
 Should Confederate military and political leaders
be brought up on charges of treason? And
hung/shot?
 Together read pages 472-474
South after war
 Demolished, no economy, no factory production,
no transportation systems, no slaves, cotton
crops destroyed
 Many southerners curse the “damnyankees”
South after war
 Not all slaves were emancipated.
Owners hold
on to some and some want to stay.
 But – many spill out onto the roads to experience
freedom and often to look for lost relatives.
 Church becomes focus of community – give
assistance
 Many want an education ASAP and are aided by
American Missionary Association
Freedmen’s Bureau
 Established March 3, 1865 by federal
government
 Provided food, clothing, medical care, education
to ALL-even poor whites.
 Overseen by Union General Oliver Howard who
later started Howard University, Wash DC
 Southern whites do not like – especially because
federal government created. With help from
Johnson, will expire 1872
President Johnson
 From the south – Tennessee
 Favored state’s rights, strict Constitution
 South distrusts him for loyalty to union
 But he does not understand the North so he
does not get much support
 Wrong Man, wrong Place, wrong Time
THREE RECONSTRUCTION PLANS
 Lincoln’s Plan – 10% Plan
 Radical Republicans Plan – PUNISH the South
 Johnson’s Plan – do not punish the south –
reunite ASAP
 ALL THREE PLANS INCLUDED AN OATH OF
LOYALITY & THE END OF SLAVERY
LINCOLN’S PLAN – 10 % PLAN
 Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction.
 Aspects of the plan:
 1)
Pardon Southerners who take an oath of
loyalty TO THE United States & end slavery.
 2) When 10% of a states voters take the oath,
then create a state government.
WADE DAVIS BILL
 Created when Lincoln still in office.
 White men had to:
take loyalty oath.
 Then states could hold a convention to create
state government, abolish slavery, reject debts
and deprive former Confederates officials &
military from voting and holding office.
 Blocked by Lincoln
Black Codes
 Started in Mississippi, Nov 1865
 Goal = to keep a stable and subservient labor
force in south – re-grow cotton
 Labor contracts for 1 year
 Runaway = captured, returned, fined – have to
work to pay off fine
Black Codes
 No blacks can serve on juries
 Can not rent or lease land
 Punished for idleness – chain gang
 NO VOTING
 Sharecroppers – work land & pay with a portion
of the crop
JOHNSON’S PLAN
 Called his restoration program.
 Aspects of the plan:
 1) Pardon all former citizens of the Confederacy
who take an oath of loyalty – return property.
 Excluded from the pardon: former Confederate
officers & those who owned $20,000 in property.
JOHNSON’S PLAN – CON’T
 2)Each Confederate state had to:
 Call a constitutional convention to revoke
secession.
 Ratify the 13th amendment
 Reject all Civil War debts
RADICAL REPUBLICANS - PUNISH
Thaddeus Stevens of Pennsylvania
 Charles Sumner of Massachusetts
 Three Main Goals
 1) Prevent leaders of the Confederacy from returning
to power.
 2) Want the Republican Party to become powerful in
the South.
 3) Government should help African Americans achieve
political equality – the right to vote

Reconstruction Act of 1867
 Divided south into 5 military zones headed by a
Union General along with troops.
 To return to union states must: pass 14th
amendment, give black males the right to vote
 Later, created the 15th amendment – giving all
males the right to vote
 By 1870 – all states re-admitted
Black Politics
 Southern black men come together politically.
 The form the Union League – educate freedmen
on rights
 Expand services to include building black
churches, schools and form militias to protect
black communities.
TERMS
 SCALAWAG – white southern Republican
 CARPETBAGGER – northerns to travel south to
make money
KKK
 Founded in Tennessee in 1866
 Use violence to keep blacks “in their place”
 Flogged, mutilated, killed
 Congress passes Force Act so federal troops
can intervene
To keep blacks from voting: poll tax and literacy
tests
JOHNSON AND CONGRESS
 Congress wants to get rid of Johnson
 Passes the Tenure of Office Act which stated
that the President can not fire any appointee
without Senate approval.
 Johnson fires Sec. Of War Stanton
 House impeaches Johnson “high crime
misdemeanor” Senate holds trial.
 Stays in office – short one vote
ALASKA
 During Johnson’s presidency, we purchase
Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
 Negotiated by Sec of State Seward
 READ page 497 together