Transcript CHAPTER 12
CHAPTER 12 The Politics of Reconstruction Section 1 • • Reconstruction • Lincoln favored lenient reconstruction • Wanted South's return as soon as possible 10-Percent Plan • Pardon all Confederates except high ranking officials & those accused of crimes against prisoners of war • 10 percent of voters had to swear to be loyal to the union • The state then could be admitted into the Union Reconstruction Cont. • Lincoln's plan angered many people --> Radical Republicans • Wade-Davis Bill • Said congress was responsible for Reconstruction • Lincoln pocket vetos the bill making congress angry Johnson's Plan • • Remaining Confederate states could become part of the Union if: • swear allegiance to the Union • Pay Confederate war debts • Ratify the 13th amendment Johnson wished to keep wealthy southerners from taking the oath • Angered most radicals (Failed to help slaved with voting rights) • Relieved most Southerners Johnson Cont. • All states agree to the terms (form the most part) • Johnson pardons all • 58 sat in Confederate Congress • 6 Served in Confederate Cabinet • 4 Fought as Confederate Generals • All served in New U.S. Congress Standstill of Reconstruction • Congress refuses to admit newly elected Southern legislators • Freedmen's Bureau • Assist former slaves and poor whites in the South • Set up more than 40 hospitals and 4,000 Schools • 61 Industrial institutes and 74 teacher trainer centers Civil Rights act of 1866 • Gave African Americans citizenship • forbade states from passing "Black Codes" • Johnson vetoes Both Moderates and Radicals • Fourteenth Amendment • "All persons born or naturalized in the United States" • Equal protection of the law • Could not be deprived of person of live, liberty, or property Johnson Impeached • Felt Johnson was not carrying out his constitutional obligations • Congress Passes Tenure of Office Act • President could not remove cabinet officers during the presidential term • Johnson wanted to test it so he fires Secretary of War • Congress Impeaches Johnson - Impeachment is one vote short Election • U.S. Grant was elected • 15th Amendment • No one can be kept from voting based on "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" Reconstruction Society Section 2 • • Conditions • Civil War took place mostly in the South • Sherman Alone - 100 million worth of damage Southern States had large projects rebuilding Public Works Programs • Built roads, bridges, railroads, orphanages, public school systems • South had to increase taxes slowing the regions recovery Voters • 9 out of 10 times African Americans supported the Republican party • White Southerners had a problem accepting African Americans Challenges • • African American Freedoms • Ex-Slaves had a problem adjusting to the freedom • Became eager to move away from plantation life Families • African Americans went to extreme lengths to find family members • Freedman's bureau began helping find lost families Education • 80% of African Americans were illiterate • Schools were set up all over to educate free slaves • Southerners were angry at this fact and used violence • By 1877 600,000 African Americans were enrolled in elementary schools Politics • For the first time African Americans held offices in local, state, and federal governments Sharecropping • African Americans did not have their own land • This forced many slaves to sign contracts with planters • Worker would receive a few acres, seed & tools • At the end of the season the worker would give the planter a portion of their crops The Collapse of Reconstruction Section 3 • Ku Klux Klan • Social club for Confederate veterans • Became violent and main goal was to restore white supremacy Economic Pressure • KKK would either destroy property or would not do business with them Problems • Grant • No political experience • Often selected friends into appointments • Often had scandals • This causes the republicans to become split Election of 1876 • Rutherford B. Hayes Vs. Samuel J. Tilden • First time someone lost the popular but won the electoral