Transcript science of standardization and the standards education

ICES 2011 and WSC Academic Week 27-29 Jun 2011
Importance of academic research in
standards education for public policy
Jiliang University
Hangzhou, China
Masami Tanaka
President
Japan Standards Association
Increasing Importance of
standard educations
•Globalization of daily life and business
•Emerging soft standards related to global issues
Global warming, social responsibility, social securities etc
•Many complex issues to master standardization
Several initiatives on encouraging standards educations
•
Standards Development Organization
– ISO： Providing e-learning textbook, establishment of ISO Award for Higher
Education
– IEC： Releasing Power Point material for MBA or MOT
– ITU： ITU-T/Academia holds workshop
– APEC： promoting education project for international standardization
– ASTM International, BSI, KSA and Others: Texts on Standards Education etc
•
Cooperative meeting (forum) on standards education
– ICES（International Cooperation for Education about Standardization starting
2006）
– Asian Linl Project on Standardization Educations (started 2004)
– Working Group on Standardization Educations within Europe (2006)
•
Many academic institutions throughout the world are already promoting the SE
programs
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Roles of the academic institutions
for Standards Education
•Practicing SE , which is based on more
scientific results
•Develop the methods of pedagogy
•Nurturing research and studies that
consolidate and expand the knowledge
•Creating synergistic process by fusing the
academia with business and public officers
Many researches of
Economic Aspect
•Basic Aspects
•Improving economic efficiency
•Compatibility and interoperability
•Scale economy by simplification
•Limiting market failure
•Reducing information asymmetry
•Promoting trade
•Many case studies and analysis have been done in
these basic aspects and published the books and
articles
Two Important Area of Standards
Education at the higher Education
•Economic benefits of Standardization
•Utilization of Voluntary Standards at
Public Policies
Relations between standards and
institutions
Competition
Policy
Business Strategy
(Marketing, R&D)
Trade Policy
Standards
Intellectual
Property Right
Government
Environment Regulations
protection
Consumer
Protections
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Attributes of Standards
• Compatibility , Interfaces
Network Economy (lock-in etc), Scale Economy
•Mutual understanding
Common guideline ,Delivering Information
•Simplification
•Securing Safety and Protecting Environment
and
Conformity Assessment
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Regulations and Voluntary Activities
Government
Regulations
Voluntary
Activities by
Private Sectors
Voluntary Standards (national , Regional, International)
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Benefits of Using Voluntary Standards
•More flexibility
•More consistency
•More transparency
•Less cost (if available)
Problems of Regulators
•Can not manage contents of standards by themselves
•Takes time to change standards
•Different culture from standardizations
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Two area of research
•Relationship between regulatory
frameworks and voluntary standards
•Mechanism of conformity
assessment in regulatory frameworks
Standards supporting Voluntary Activities
• Management Standards
ISO14000 series
Guides and Codes of Industrial Associations etc
• Instrumental Standards
Technical Specifications for machines and production systems
Measurements and test methods
Machinery Safety Standards etc
• Uniformed Information Set
Information Transfer from suppliers to end user
General Guides for machine Safety (Guide 51)
Building Codes etc
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Benefits of Citing standards (JIS)
Gas Suppliers safety Law
Main materials for Pipe
Labor safety Law
Fire prevention Law
Structural materials
for crane
Materials for evacuation
equipment
General rolled steel for general use for
construction (JIS-G3101)
Toxic poisonous
chemicals control Law
Materials of vessels
Building Construction Law
Structural materials for building
Electricity Supply Law
Materials for Iron pillar and tower
172 Laws cite 1991 JIS standards, with 6068duplicated counts: August 2008
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Hierarchy of relations between
regulations and standards
International Standards
•More transparency
•Widely recognized
Adoption
National Standards
Domestic Common
Practices
Citation
Technical Regulations
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CE Marking System
(Conformity Assessment Mechanism)
EU
（Essential elements）－
Directives
Standards
Conformity
Assessment
Design
Production
Internal
Management
of Producers
Type
Approval
Consistent
Standards
(CEN/CENELEC)
Confirming
Design
（Detail specification)
Batch Test／
100％ test
Quality
management
Declaration of
conformance
ＣＥ Marking
Surveillance
Sampling inspection at the market
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Changes of Conformance Framework
Government
(Set Standards)
Government
(Set Standards)
Results
Designated Inspection
Bodies
-Limited
Certificate
Private Firms
Government
(Set Standards)
Results
Accredited Inspection
Bodies
-Open
-ISO/IEC Guides
Certificate
Private Firms
Accredited I.B.
-Open
-Guides
Certificate
Private Firms
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Summary
•Expanding SE as the higher educations in
terms of numbers and scope in various areas
in the world .
•Academic institutions play important roles in
SE not only by educating but also research
•So far many academic researches have been
done within the disciplines of the economics
(benefits etc)
•Utilizing voluntary S at public policy such as
regulations is important area at SE and
academic reaserches