Transcript Does Wireless Sensor Network Scale? A Measure Study on

Does Wireless Sensor Network Scale?
A Measure Study on GreenOrbs
Yunhao Liu, Yuan He, Mo Li,
Jiliang Wang,Kebin Liu, Lufeng Mo,
Wei Dong, Zheng Yang, Min Xi,
Jizhong Zhao, Xiang-Yang Li
Presented by: 张 猜
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Outline
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Introduction
Related Work
GreenOrbs Overview
Basic Observation
Who moved Our Cheese
Conclusion
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Outline
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Introduction
Related Work
GreenOrbs Overview
Basic Observation
Who moved Our Cheese
Conclusion
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What's wireless sensor networks?
Components:
 A group of specialized
transducers
 A communications
infrastructure
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Applications
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Environment monitoring
Scientific observation
Emergency detection
Field surveillance
Structure monitoring
......
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Existing Large-scale sensor networks
• VigilNet for military surveillance
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fig.1 The VigilNet system Architecture
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Existing Large-scale sensor networks
• Motelab for indoor testbed
fig.2 Component model of Motelab
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Existing Large-scale sensor networks
• SensorScope for weather monitoring
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fig.3 Design of a sensing station.
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Existing Large-scale sensor networks
• Trio based on solar-powered
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fig.4 The system hardware architecture consists of four tiers:
mote, gateway, server, and client.
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Existing Large-scale sensor networks
Drawbacks of these deployments
 Often highly optimized for Specific
application needs
Not fully leveraged as Platforms for
consistently observing general network
behaviors.
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An overlook on the sensor network
deployment and the real topology
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Outline
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Introduction
Related Work
GreenOrbs Overview
Basic Observation
Who moved Our Cheese
Conclusion
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Tens of sensors
• A Macroscope in the Redwoods
• Fidelity and yield in a volcano monitoring
sensor network
• SensorScope: Out-of-the-Box
Environmental Monitoring
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Tens of sensors
Drawbacks:
Hardly reveal some network behaviors
• Routing dynamics and
• Topology evolution
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Sensor Networks at scale
• ExScal: elements of an extreme scale
wireless sensor network
• Trio: Enabling Sustainable and Scalable
Outdoor Wireless Sensor Network
Deployments
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Sensor Networks at scale
Not proper for Measure study
• Organized hierarchically
• Either Large-scale or long-lifetime,but not
both
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Measurements of GreenObrs!
Fairly Comprehensive
• Low-level
– Radio signal Strength
– Link quality
• High-level
– Routing
– Data traffic
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Outline
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Introduction
Related Work
GreenOrbs Overview
Basic Observation
Who moved Our Cheese
Conclusion
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GreenOrbs Overview
• System and Applications
– Canopy closure estimate
– Research on biodiversity
– Carbon sequestration
– Fire risk prediction
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GreenOrbs Overview
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TinyOS 2.1
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GreenOrbs Overview
• Data Set
– In December 2009
– 29 consecutive days
– 2 540 000 data packets
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GreenOrbs Overview
• Data Set
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GreenOrbs Overview
• Data Set
– Back End Data Set ( Dsin k )
• Refers to the entire data set collected at the sink
– Routing trace (Trouting )
– Link trace (Tlink )
– Node statistics trace (Tstats )
– Overhearing ( Dsniffer )
– Beaconing
– Local Logging ( Dlog )
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• Measure and Derivations
– Yield
– Packet Reception Ratio(PRR) / Loss Ratio(PRL)
– Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR)
# of receiveddata pkts
PDR 
# of sent data pkts
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GreenOrbs Overview
• Measure and Derivation
– End-to-end delay
Tdelay  Treception  Tsending
– Correlation coefficient
• A statistical measure of association between two varialbe, e.g.
ETX and PDR.
• Range: [-1,1]
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Outline
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Introduction
Related Work
GreenOrbs Overview
Basic Observation
Who moved Our Cheese
Conclusion
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Basic Observation
• Network Characteristics
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Basic Observation
• Network characteristics
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Basic Observation
• Network Characteristics
To investigate cause of packets losses:
– Three categories of packet losses
• Transmit_Timeout (61.08%)
• Receive_Pool_Overflow (38.92%)
• Send_Queue_Overflow (0%)
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Basic Observation
• Network Characteristics
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Basic Observation
• Investigating Critical Nodes/Links
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Basic Observation
• Investigating Critical Nodes/Links
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Basic Observation
• Looking into the Links
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Basic Observation
• Looking into the Links
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Outline
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Introduction
Related Work
GreenOrbs Overview
Basic Observation
Who moved Our Cheese
Conclusion
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Who moved Our Cheese
• The Last Straw that Breaks the Camel’s Back
First Conjecture:
The bottlenecks are intermediate nodes
instead of those lying in the “hot area”
around the sink.
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Who moved Our Cheese
• How Dynamic Is the Environment?
Second Conjecture:
Most of the wireless links used in sensor networks
are physically stable.The dynamics mainly come
from internal network operation.
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Who moved Our Cheese
• Adaptive Routing Design
Third Conjecture:
•The environment: unpredictable impact on the
sensor network system running under it.
•Current dynamic routing approach: Lack
adaption to environment.
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Outline
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Introduction
Related Work
GreenOrbs Overview
Basic Observation
Who moved Our Cheese
Conclusion
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Conclusion
• Conduct a long term and large-scale
measurement study on an operating
sensor network in the wild.
• Validate three conjectures for future
sensor network design
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Thank you!
Q& A
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