Transcript Chapter 7, Section 2 Britain Leads the Way

Chapter 7, Section 2
Britain Leads the Way
Lesson Objectives
• Explain why Britain was the starting point for
the Industrial Revolution.
• Describe the changes that transformed the
textile industry.
• Identify the different methods for
transportation during this time period.
Reasons why Britain was the starting
point of the Industrial Revolution
• Resources – small nation
in area, large in natural
resources
– Coal – power steam
engines
– Iron – build new machines
– Labor supply
• Workers needed to mine
coal & iron, build factories,
run machines
• Freed many people from
farm labor
• Led to population boom
Reasons why Britain was the starting
point of the Industrial Revolution
• New technology -Plenty
of skilled mechanics,
eager to meet growing
demands for new
practical inventions
Reasons why Britain was the starting
point of the Industrial Revolution
• Economic conditions
– Trade from growing overseas
empire helped Britain’s
economy prosper
• Slave trade
– Business accumulated capital
or money (wealth to invest in
enterprises)
– Shipping, mining, railroads,
factories
– Population explosion –
increased demand for goods
Economic prosperity – helped
make new consumer goods
affordable to every class
Reasons why Britain was the starting
point of the Industrial Revolution
• Political & Social
Conditions
– Stable government
• Supported economic
growth
• Strong navy to protect
empire
– Religious attitudes
• Some religious groups –
encouraged thrift & hard
work which made for
successful business
• Others weren’t concerned
w/ the afterlife – were risktakers & wanted material
wealth
Changes that transformed the textile (cloth) industry
Industrial Revolution began in Britain’s largest industry
• Britain’s textile industry
– Cotton cloth imported
from India
– Developed “putting out”
system
• Raw cotton distributed to
peasant families
• Peasants spun it into
thread & wove it into
cloth
• Skilled artisans in towns
finished & dyed cloth
Changes that transformed the textile (cloth) industry
Industrial Revolution began in Britain’s largest industry
• As demand for cloth grew,
inventors created devices
which simplified textile
industry
– John Kay
• “Flying shuttle”
• Weavers wove faster
– James Hargreave
• Spinning jenny (1764)
• Spun many threads at same
time
– Richard Arkwright
• Waterframe
• Used power to speed up
spinning
Changes that transformed the textile (cloth) industry
Industrial Revolution began in Britain’s largest industry
• Manufacturers built long
sheds to house machinery
– Located near rapidly
moving streams
• Provided water power to
run machines
• Late machines were
powered by steam engines
– Spinners & weavers came
to work in first factories
(place that brought
together workers &
machines to produce large
quantities of goods)
New technologies that were part of
the revolution in transportation
• With increase in
production, businessmen
needed faster, cheaper
ways to move goods from
place to place
– Capitalists invested in
turnpikes
• Privately built roads
• Charged travelers a fee to
use
– Other capitalists dug canals
• Linked rivers
• Connected inland towns w/
coastal ports
New technologies that were part of
the revolution in transportation
• On land ~ steam
locomotive> growth of
railroad
– 1800’s George Stephenson
• Steam-powered locomotive
• Rail carriage along iron rails
– Railroads did not have to
follow the course of rivers
• Tracks go where rivers don’t
• Allowed factory owners to
move goods over land
– (1830) World’s first rail line
• From Liverpool to Manchester,
Eng.
• By 1870, rail lines all across
Eng. America & Europe
New technologies that were part of
the revolution in transportation
• On sea ~ steam power
to improve shipping
– Robert Fulton (1807)
• Used Watt’s first steam
engine to power the
Clermont up the Hudson
R.
• Traveled 5 mph
– Late 1800’s steampowered freighters
• With iron hulls
• Carried 10-20 times cargo
of wooden ships