Stress: Its Meaning, Impact, and Sources
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Transcript Stress: Its Meaning, Impact, and Sources
Stress: Its Meaning,
Impact, and Sources
Dr. Alan H. Teich
Chap 3
What is Stress?
Stress:
A
Stimulus
A Response
A Process
A Perception
“Nothing
is stressful unless you
perceived it to be so.”
Components of the definition of stress
Resources
Demands
Discrepancy
Transactions
Lazarus: Cognitive Appraisal
Primary Appraisal
Secondary Appraisal
Factors Affecting Appraisals
Personal factors
Life
transitions
Situational factors
Ambiguity
Predictability
Controllability
Primary
Secondary
Biopsychosocial Aspects of Stress
Biological
SNS
Reactivity: fight or flight response
General Adaptation Syndrome (Selye, 1956)
Stages
• Alarm Reaction
• Stage of Resistance
• Stage of Exhaustion
General Adaptation Syndrome
The body’s resistance to stress can
last only so long before exhaustion sets in
Stress
resistance
Stressor
occurs
Phase 1
Alarm
reaction
(mobilize
resources)
Phase 2
Resistance
(cope with
stressor)
Phase 3
Exhaustion
(reserves
depleted)
Psychosocial Aspects of Stress
Cognitions
Emotions
Social Behaviors
Gender
Culture
Sources of Stress
Within the person
Health
Conflicts
Family
Approach/approach
Avoidance/avoidance
Approach/avoidance
Children
Separation and Divorce
Illness, Disability, & Death
Job
Environment
Measuring Stress
Physiological Measures
Polygraph
Hormones
Life Events
Holmes
& Rahe: Social Readjustment
Rating Scale
Daily Hassles
Good Stress - Bad Stress
Selye
Distress
Eustress
Moderate levels of Stress: “Optimal”
Yerkes-Dodson
Inverted U function
Inverted U Function
Level
of
performance
Low stress
Moderate
Stress
(Optimal )
High stress