Transcript Revolutions:

English Civil War and
Glorious Revolution
1603-1689
England Leading up to the Glorious
Revolution
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Tudors (1485-1603;
Henry VII, Henry VIII,
and Elizabeth I)
Unchecked by
Parliament:
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Intelligent & capable
Beat Spain (English Navy:
1/ Spanish Armada: 0)
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Encouraged trade and
expansion
Appeared to consult
Parliament, then did
what they wanted
Unpopular Monarchs: Stuarts
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James I and Charles I: Unpopular
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Claimed “divine right”
Friendly to Catholic Spain
Discriminated against Puritans (they believed that
the Anglicans [Church of England] were too close to
the Catholics)
Taxed Middle class heavily
Imprisoned without trial (violates Magna Carta)
Raised $ without Parliament
Thus angered Puritans, Middle Class, &
Parliament
Parliament issues Petition of
Right 1628
Protesting
Charles I
saying he:
May not levy
taxes
without
Parliament
Imprison without
charge and
jury trial
Quarter soldiers
in private homes
Charles rules without Parliament
1629-1640
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Disregards Petition of Right
11 years did not convene
Parliament
Illegally raised money
Imprisoned opponents
Denied accused a jury and
often tortured them to force
“confession”
Demanded Puritans conform to
Anglicanism
Married a Catholic Woman
(sister of Louis XIII)
Bad Times for Charlie
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Charles needed money
to suppress a Scottish
revolt (they had invaded
England) in 1640
Calls Parliament into
session
House of Commons run
by Puritans, refused him
money
Charles ends Parliament
after 3 weeks: Short
Parliament
Long Parliament
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Desperate for money, Charles is forced to re-summon Parliament,
they would meet for 20 years
Now Parliament had him under their control:
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Abolished Charles’ special courts, required Parliament to be called
every 3 years, ended illegal taxation
Ireland, still Roman Catholic, rebelled in 1641 (mad because of
English practice of taking Irish land and giving it to English settlers)
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A Royalist faction (opposing the Puritans) rises in Parliament
Puritans sent Charles “Nineteen Propositions” that would make
Parliament the Supreme power in England
Charles refused to agree
Charles led troops into Parliament to arrest Puritan leaders (they
hid and escaped)
Both sides readied for war
English Civil War
1642-1645
Roundheads
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Middle Class, Puritans, and
small landowners, Scots
Led by ardent Puritan Oliver
Cromwell
These guys win, take Charles
I prisoner
Cavaliers
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Nobility, wealthy landowners,
Catholics
Charles I is Beheaded
Oliver Cromwell rules England
(1649-1658)

England declared a commonwealth (aka:
republic) state ruled by elected
representatives
 Cromwell was Lord Protector
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Still, Cromwell was not popular:
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Suppressed Scottish and Irish rebellions,
furthered economic prosperity, and was
anti-Spanish
Dictatorial government, heavy taxes
Executed Charles I
Intolerance of Anglicans (way more
Anglicans than Puritans)
Severe Puritan moral code: no dancing,
drinking, sports, cursing, theatre, etc…
very boring.
Cromwell died in 1658, Puritan rule ended
Stuarts Rule Again
1660-1688
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Parliament asks Charles II (son of Charles I) to take
throne (known as the Merry Monarch)
Pledged to follow Magna Carta, Petition of Right, &
respect Parliament
1679 Habeas Corpus Act (I have the body)
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Must be told charges
Released on bail with speedy trial
US and UK still have this
James II: brother of C II, Catholic
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Tried to dominate Parliament and reestablish “divine right”
Birth of son aroused fears of permanent Catholic rule
Glorious Revolution
1688-1689
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Parliament secretly offers throne to William (protestant ruler of
Holland) and Mary (protestant daughter of James II)
They arrive in England to take the throne, James II flees
Parliament:
 Ended “divine right”
 Reaffirmed its supremacy over monarch
English Bill of Rights (1689)
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Monarch may not make laws,
levy taxes, or maintain army
without support of Parliament
Monarch may not interfere
with Parliamentary debates or
elections
Parliament must meet
frequently
Monarch must be Anglican
People guaranteed basic civil
liberties
 (serves as a model for US
Bill of Rights)
Further Democratic Gains
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Political Parties: Tories (conservative,
supported royalty and wealthy) and Whigs
(liberals, supported Parliament and middle
class)
 Cabinet (during reign of W&M), advisors to
monarch chosen from majority party in
Parliament
 Headed by Prime Minister (gained total power
during reign of George I, a German who spoke
no English)
Summary
No more “divine right”
 Parliament supreme
 Political parties
 People guaranteed civil liberties
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Are you a Roundhead or Cavalier?
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Are your hats...
a) Like your counterparts' in Germany: being tall, dark, steeple-brimmed?
b) Dashing, low-crowned, floppy toppers trimmed with an overabundance of ostrich plumes and cocked at a jaunty angle?
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Is your collar...
a) Plain white and starched, drooping modestly over your chest?
b) A wide, unstarched falling band with a deep edging of lace?
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Under your doublet or coat, do you wear...
a) A heavy leather vest, with hook-and-eye closures to protect expensive gold or silver buttons?
b) A billowing shirt, of fine fabric, with massive lacy cuffs draped over your hands?
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Are your breeches...
a) Black and baggy, fitted about the knee, and fastened with simple buttons?
b) Gaily-colored, decorated with braid, and cuffed at the knee, where they are trimmed with ribbons or lace?
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Are your hose and boots...
a) Made of rough wool and leather, respectively, in utilitarian designs?
b) Made of fine silk or linen, worn with high-heeled bucket-top boots trimmed with lace or ruffled boot hose?
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Do you accessorize with...
a) A bible, dull orange sash, a staff and a turkey, or an apron, if you're female?
b) A cane, or sword hung from a tasseled cord or fringed baldric belt, respectively, with a wide richly colored red sash, and a single, pearl earring
after your model, Charles I, removing it on the occasion of his beheading?
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Is your hair...
a) Short and uncurled if you're male, or if you're a woman, entirely concealed in a plain serviceable white cap?
b) Long and worn in gleaming ringlets with a lovelock - an extra-long curl with a bow arranged cunningly at one side?
More Quiz
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Are your favorite colors...
a) Black, mauve, brown, and gray, edged by purest white?
b) The flashier the better?
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Is your cape...
a) Scarlet or black, designed for warmth?
b) A splash of color, worn over one shoulder for an air of drama and mystery?
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Are your clothes trimmed with...
a) Nothing - lace is a 'temptation of Satan'; at most you'll risk a little embroidery, but only of Biblical quotations?
b) The sky's the limit?
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Bonus Question:
Is your worst fear...
a) That someone will remark on your appearance?
b) That no one will notice you?
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Double Bonus Question:
While in public do you appear...
a) Stern-faced and scowling, much like you are constipated?
b) Gay and free, answering everyone with "Yes Sweetheart...", and easily being distracted by butterflies while giving drill commands thus
leaving soldiers at 'Charge' posture for hours?
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Triple Bonus Question:
Whenever you can, especially at night, do you...
a) Stay at home and say your appropriate prayers before turning in early for a fresh start of a new day, especially on Saturday evening so
you can attend an early mass?
b) Head to the nearest tavern, often after a large a overly filling meal where there was much wastage, grab a tankard of strong drink, and
while losing yourself in exactly how many you put away (usually as long as there is money in your purse), dance a jig (and maybe even walk
through a fire) and sing every song you know (twice) until the wee hours of the morning - then get up, purge, and be ready to do it all again?
Scoring
If you chose 'a' in most cases, you are a Puritan, and as such you should
be supporting the Parliamentarian cause. In addition, you will not have
fun, but your mode of dress will be immortalized by the sculptor
Gaudens, and in 350 years it will be ranked the forty-eighth most popular
style of dress for Halloween by People magazine.
If most of your answers were 'b', it means that because of Cromwell's
final victory in 1653, it will make you an endangered species, which is
until the Restoration, where the species flourished once again!
In addition, for every 'b' you answered on the bonus questions, you are
deserving of being an officer, with each 'b' chosen meaning that you are
very qualified, and will probably earn an even higher rank than sergeant
in the Royalist Army.
Cavaliers All the Way!!!
Dailies: English Civil War
1.Monarch at start of English Civil War and what
happened to him?
2. Who came to power after him? What was his
nickname?
3. Why was the Glorious Revolution “glorious”?
4. Name of document that guarantees civil
liberties.
5. Name of England’s governing body.