Transcript Nova Scotia - ShingleRecycling.org

C&D Recycling Markets &
Update on Asphalt Shingle
Recycling
Julie Gevrenov
U.S. EPA Region 5 (Chicago)
Materials & Markets
 Easy to reuse or recycle (good markets)
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•
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Clean rubble: concrete, asphalt, brick
Good quality Chicago brick
Metal
Cardboard
Wood: pallets, trees, clean
dimensional/untreated lumber
Materials & Markets
 Not so easy (currently no strong regional markets)
• Clean gypsum wallboard scrap
• Agricultural land application may be strongest market
• Asphalt shingles
• Hot-mix asphalt pavement is strongest market
• ? Regulatory status in IL
• Engineered wood products (e.g., plywood, oriented strand board,
pressed board)
• PVC/vinyl (e.g., siding)
• Carpet (Carpet America Recovery Effort => Madison, Indianapolis)
• Ceiling tiles (Armstrong Ceiling Recycling Program)
• Glass
• Plastics
Materials & Markets
 Challenging Materials
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Demolition/renovation (used) drywall
Materials contaminated with lead-based paint
EPS insulation and other styrofoam
?
?
?
Examples of End Markets
Excerpt from Illinois DCCA (DCEO)’s Illinois Construction and Demolition Site Recycling Guidebook, 1997
Tear-off (Used) Asphalt Shingles
Photo credits: Sean Anestis, Ben Brock, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum 11/1-2/07
The Numbers
 Estimated 11 million tons (or more!) tearoffs generated annually in U.S.
 Very little is recycled
 Shingles are 20% - 40% asphalt cement
(AC)….i.e., a petroleum product!!
At 20% liquid AC @ $300/ton AC…
$660M worth of AC available annually
Typical Composition of An
Asphalt Shingle
Granular/aggregate
Waterproofing asphalt
Base (fiberglass or organic felt)
Waterproofing asphalt
Back surfacing
Component
Organic Felt
Fiberglass Mat
Asphalt cement
30-36%
19-22%
Felt
2-15%
2-15%
Mineral
granules/aggregate
20-38%
20-38%
Mineral filler/stabilizer
8-40%
8-40%
Slide credit: Jon Powell, Innovative Waste Consulting Services, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
Markets for Recycled Asphalt
Shingles
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Hot Mix Asphalt (pavement)
Cold Mix Asphalt
Cold Patch
Road Base
Dust control
Mulch
Landfill Cover
 Other potential uses: fuel (e.g., cement kiln), new
shingles
How can I recycle shingles?
Best Practices (General)
1. Recyclers should carefully plan and implement a
supply quality assurance / quality control (QA/QC)
system.
2. Recyclers should optimize their operations to produce
a RAS product that meets or exceeds specifications of
their end markets.
3. Recyclers should develop a comprehensive marketing
plan based on multiple outlets.
 Guide contains CMRA’s recommended asbestos
sampling protocol
Photo credit: Ben Brock, Astec Industries, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum 11/2/07
Photo credit: Ben Brock, Astec Industries, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum 11/2/07
Photo credits: Randy McMullin, Maine DEP, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum 11/2/07
HMA Specifications, Mix Designs
 DOT specifications are important!
 DOT projects
 Municipalities and private entities often refer
to DOT specs
States with Known DOT Materials
Specifications and/or Beneficial Use
Determination (BUD) Approvals for RAS
State
State DOT Specs
Only Manufacturer Scrap Allowed
DE
IN
5% M scrap only
NC
5% M scrap only
NJ
5% M scrap only
PA
Provisional Spec P—c04031A
TX
M scrap only
VA
Special provision
RAS
Type
State BUD License
RAS
Type
BUD for M scrap
M
General BUD permit for recycling
and storage of tear-off scrap
T
M
M
M
M
M
M
Tear-off Scrap Allowed
CT
GA
5% M or T scrap
M, T
MA
ME
5% M scrap
M
MN
5% M scrap only
M
MO
NY
SC
5% M or T scrap
M, T
MA BUD for M or T scrap
BUD for T scrap
BUD permit by rule for both
M and T
BUDs
3-8% T scrap
Recycling Tear-Off Asphalt Shingles: Best Practices Guide, CMRA 10/07
T
M, T
M, T
M, T
M, T
AASHTO Specification

New (2006) AASHTO provisional specification and recommended practice
for shingle recycling into HMA.
 R2005A-TS-2c – Provisional
 M2005A-TS-2c - Provisional

Addresses need for QA/QC, provides detailed technical guidance including:
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Types, definitions, sources, and sampling
Gradation of RAS
Addition rates of RAS into HMA
Deleterious substances
Methods of sampling and testing
A DOT task force is reviewing the documents, will likely recommend
changes that will be presented to the AASHTO committees in spring 2008.
Recycling Tear-Off Asphalt Shingles: Best Practices Guide, CMRA 10/07
Environmental Issues
Environmental Issues Associated With Asphalt Shingle
Recycling
Prepared for:
Construction Materials Recycling Association
Asphalt Shingle Recycling Project
US EPA Innovations Workgroup
Prepared by:
Innovative Waste Consulting Services, LLC
Gainesville, Florida
Authors: Timothy Townsend, Ph.D., P.E., Jon Powell, E.I.,
Chad Xu, Ph.D.
October 19, 2007
Constituents of Concern
ASBESTOS
PAHs
Slide credit: Jon Powell, Innovative Waste Consulting Services, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
Possible Exposure Pathways
PAH leaching?
Release of
Asbestos?
PAH emissions?
or
or
Grinding
HMA
Pavement, mulch, etc.
Slide credit: Jon Powell, Innovative Waste Consulting Services, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
Health Impacts of Asbestos and
PAHs
 Asbestos
 Lung cancer
 Mesothelioma
 PAHs
 Cataracts, kidney and liver damage
 Some PAHs are identified as carcinogenic
Was Asbestos Widely Used?
Manufacturer
Years
Manufactured
Product
Barber Asphalt Corporation
NA
Asphalt-asbestos roof felt
Carey Manufacturing
Company
NA
Asphalt-asbestos shingles, asbestos finish felt, mastic
The Celotex Corporation
1906 through
1984
Asphalt roof coating and other miscellaneous materials
Fibreboard Corporation
1920 to 1968
Roof paint, roll roofings with asbestos-containing base sheets,
caulking compounds, plastic cements, taping and finishing
compounds
General Aniline and Film
Corporation
NA
Roofing asphalt
Asphalt-asbestos shingles, rag-felt shingles, fibrous roof
Monroe Company
Rhone-Poulenc Ag
Company
1891 through
1983
NA
1941 through
1981
NA
Early 1930s
through 1976
United States Gypsum
Company
1930 through
1977
Johns-Manville Corporation
Kaylite Company
National Gypsum Company
coating, shingle tab cement, roof putty
Asbestos surface coating for shingles
Roofing and shingles
Asbestos surface coatings for shingles
Adhesives, coatings, sealants, and mastics
Paper and felt
Slide credit: Jon Powell, Innovative Waste Consulting Services, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
Aggregated asbestos test results
 Data from processors in Maine, Iowa, Florida,
Missouri, Minnesota, and Massachusetts
 Data available for 27,694 samples collected
 18 detections asbestos content <1%
 408 detections asbestos content >1% (ACM)
 Overall, asbestos detections in 426 samples
 Approximately 1.53%
 About 1.47% of samples were ACM
Slide credit: Jon Powell, Innovative Waste Consulting Services, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
Their summary of asbestos:
 Asbestos was phased out of asphalt shingles by the early 1980s.
 Service life of an asphalt shingle is around two decades, +/-. Roofs
may have two or three built-up layers
 …..so a load of shingles may contain shingles of varying age.
 Of 27,000 samples tested, asbestos was detected in 1.5%.
 Many detections attributed to other materials (e.g., mastic) attached to
samples.
 Consistent with the fact that asbestos was mostly phased out in the
1970s, typical reported service life for asphalt shingles is 15-25 years
 Obtaining/sourcing uncontaminated material should further reduce
incidence of asbestos in samples
Slide credit: Jon Powell, Innovative Waste Consulting Services, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
Their summary of PAHs:
 Shingles naturally contain PAHs (asphalt contains PAHs).
 Discarded asphalt shingles not found to readily leach PAHs.
Related studies on virgin roofing asphalt, reclaimed asphalt
pavement, and run-off from asphalt pavement indicated PAH
concentrations below the laboratory detection limits.
 However, since that study some acceptable levels have decreased
 Additional data are required to detect these samples at lower
concentrations
 PAHs are emitted during normal HMA production
 Pollution control equipment reduces PAH concentrations
 The effect of using post-consumer asphalt shingles in HMA on
PAHs is unknown
 A study in Texas is investigating this issue. No data yet.
Slide credit: Jon Powell, Innovative Waste Consulting Services, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
Their recommendations
 Paper contains authors’ recommendations
to both facilities and regulatory agencies
for minimizing environmental risks and
worker health risks
 Operations plan
 Monitoring and QA plan
 End-use plan
Questions to Consider
 What kind of permits or changes do I need for
my facility or to get a beneficial use license?
 What kind of testing must I do to satisfy the
regulators with respect to asbestos or anything
else?
 What kind of pilot or test project would be
required to “prove the material” to satisfy DOT?
 DOT avoids liability (engineering, environmental)
See presentation by Randy McMullin, Maine DEP, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07!
Economics
 Transportation is the limiting factor
 Tear-offs generated in populated areas, road
network denser in populated areas….
 Recycler’s “tipping fee” must be
competitive with landfill tipping fee
 End user (especially DOT) wants to save
$$$$
Market Challenges
 Tear-offs usually contain various contaminants –
nails, wood, demolition debris, household
refuse, and on very rare occasions asbestos…
 Specifications needed, even for non-road
applications in some states
 Hot-mix plant operators’ preference for adding
recycled asphalt shingles varies
 Logistics to collect and transfer tear-offs to hotmix plants lacks widespread workable
infrastructure
List from Husnu Kalkanoglu, CERTAINTEED, 3rd Asphalt Shingle Recycling Forum, 11/2/07
www.shinglerecycling.org
Resources
 EPA Region 5’s C&D Recycling Website

www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/solidwaste/debris/index.htm
 EPA Region 5’s Brownfields Recycling Website

www.epa.gov/reg5rcra/wptdiv/solidwaste/debris/brownfields/index.htm
 City of Chicago C&D Recycling website

Cityofchicago.org/environment
 WMRC Green Development & Construction Program

www.wmrc.uiuc.edu/main_sections/tech_assist/green_development.cfm
Questions?
Julie Gevrenov
Environmental Engineer
U.S. EPA Region 5
Materials Management Branch
[email protected]
312-886-6832