Transcript スライド 1 - Demokritos

Latest developments
in Hamamatsu Large
Format PMTs
VLVnT09 in October, 2009
Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Electron Tube Division
Yuji Hotta
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Contents
1. Profile of Hamamatsu
2. Developmental status for Large
Format PMTs
- 12 inch PMT
- High QE
- New photocathode
for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Profile of Hamamatsu
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Where we are located
ROLAND
KAWAI
Population : 824K
(as of September, 2009)
Hamamatsu is a name of a city.
HONDA, YAMAHA and SUZUKI
(famous motor cycle companies) are located in the same area.
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Global Network of Hamamatsu
Europe
GREECE
JAPAN
USA
(Subsidiaries)
(Subsidiaries)
Japanese Standard MAP
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Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Solid Sate Division
Electron Tube Division
Systems Division
Established : Sept 29, 1953
Employees : 2,580
(As of Sept. 08)
Net Sales : \99B ($950M)
(FY2008)
Central Research Lab
Laser Group
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Developmental status for
Large Format PMTs
- 12 inch PMT
- High QE
- New photocathode
for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Large Format PMTs
Experiment Name
Application :
NESTOR
Neutrino Experiment
Type Number
PMT Size
20
inch
13 inch
R8055
Quantity
160
ANTARES
R7081-20
10 inch
900
NEMO
R7081SEL
10 inch
90
AMANDA
R5912-02
8 inch
800
ICECUBE
R7081-02
10 inch
5,300
ICECUBE/Deep Core
R7081-02MOD
Double-CHOOZ
R7081MOD-ASSY
10 inch
800
Daya Bay
R5912ASSY
8 inch
2,250
RENO
R7081ASSY
10 inch
890
20 inch
1,200
R4558
8 inch
2,000
SNO
R1408
8 inch
8,700
Kamiokande
R1449-01
20 inch
1,000
Super-Kamiokande
R3600-05
20 inch
11,200
10 inch
8 inch
tooKamLAND
small!
IMB
too
10 inchlarge! 400
13 inch
R7250
too expensive!
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch PMT
12-inch PMT
R7081
10-inch PMT
R5912
8-inch PMT
305 mm
253 mm
202 mm
275 mm min.
220 mm min.
190 mm min.
330 mm
245 mm
220 mm
LF/10-stage
LF/10-stage
LF/10-stage
Applied Voltage
2000 V
1500 V
1500 V
GAIN
1.0E+07
1.0E+07
1.0E+07
2.7 ns
2.9 ns
2.4 ns
2.5
2.5
2.5
10,000 cps
7,000 cps
4,000 cps
Items
Diameter
Effective Area
Tube Length
Dynodes
T.T.S. (FWHM)
P/V Ratio
Dark Counts
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch PMT
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch PMT
17 inch
Glass Sphere
12 inch PMT
Some space
for divider
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Development of 12 inch PMT
NEW!
10 inch PMT
12 inch PMT
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Development of 12 inch PMT
12 inch PMT V-Gain
1E+08
GAIN
1E+07
1E+06
1E+05
1E+04
1E+03
1000
1250
1500
1750
2000
2250
2500
SUPPLY VOLTAGE [V]
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch PMT
12 inch PMT Example QE data
Quantum Efficiency [%]
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
200
300
400
500
600
Wavelength [nm]
700
800
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch PMT
12inch PMT WAVEFORM
Supply Voltage : 2000 V
Rise Time : 4.0 ns
Fall Time : 6.7 ns
100 mV / Div , 10ns / Div
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of 12 inch PMT
12 inch PMT Cathode Uniformity
150
X-AXIS
Y-AXIS
140
Date : 2009.09.11
Serial No. : ZN0038
Spot Dia. : 5 [mm]
Wavelength : 410 [nm]
Supply Voltage : 150 [V]
130
120
Relative Output [%]
110
100
(
90
T OP V I E W )
Y
80
+
70
60
50
Dy 1
+
-
40
X
Dy 2
30
-
20
10
0
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Position angle [degree]
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Development of 12 inch PMT
12 inch PMT Anode Uniformity
150
X-AXIS
Y-AXIS
140
Date : 2009.09.11
Serial No. : ZN0038
Spot Dia. : 5 [mm]
Wavelength : 410 [nm]
Supply Voltage : 1920 [V]
130
120
Relative Output [%]
110
100
(
90
T OP V I E W )
Y
80
+
70
60
50
Dy 1
+
-
40
X
Dy 2
30
-
20
10
0
-90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Position angle [degree]
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Developmental status for
Large Format PMTs
- 12 inch PMT
- High QE
- New photocathode
for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
High QE Bialkali Photocathode
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Definition of SBA/UBA
Photocathode
(suffix)
Ultra Bialkali
"UBA" (-200)
Super Bialkali
"SBA"
(-100/-110)
R7600/R8900
1 inch Square
Metal Package
QE at peak
wavelength
Min.
Typ.
Available Products
38%
43%
R7600/R8900
(Metal Package PMT)
35%
R7600/R8900/R9880
(Metal Package PMT)
1-1/8"-5"Glass Bulb types
32%
R9880
New TO-8 type
Metal Package
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
R7081 (10” PMT) with High QE
Quantum Efficiency [%]
40
Example QE data R7081 (10 inch)
35
High QE Type
30
Champion Data
35.8 % at 380 nm
25
20
15
Standard
10
26 % at 380 nm
5
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Wavelength [nm]
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R7081 (10” PMT) with High QE
Number of Tubes (pcs)
R7081HQE QE Histogram
120
100
Average : 34%
Sample : 404 pcs
80
60
40
20
0
- 32.5
- 33.0
- 33.5
- 34.0
- 34.5
- 35.0
35 -
QE [%] at 380 nm
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Developmental status for
Large Format PMTs
- 12 inch PMT
- High QE
- New photocathode
for low temperature operation
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Development of Photocathode
for Low Temperature
• Purpose of development
– Dark matter experiment
– Liquid Xe : -110 deg. C / 175 nm emission
1/40
 Photocathode with Al pattern
– Liquid Ar : -186 deg. C / 128 nm emission to
be converted to 420 nm photons by WLS
 Photocathode with Pt underlay
 QE becomes low due to decrease of transmittance
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Example QE data
for R5912 (8 inch) Pt underlay
40
Quantum Efficiency [%]
35
30
Low QE
25
20
15
10
5
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Wavelength [nm]
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QE data of New Photocathode
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Cathode Linearity of New
Photocathode
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Quantum Efficiency [%]
40
R5912 (8 inch)
with new photocathode
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Wavelength [nm]
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
- Hamamatsu has been developing 12 inch
PMT. Some sample PMTs will be available
next year.
- Hamamatsu continues to improve QE.
- Hamamatsu has found new photocathode for
low temperature operation. We are trying to
apply the new photocathode for large format
PMTs.
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
END
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Back Up
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Metal Package PMTs
Metal Channel Dynodes
Micro processing technology
R9880
<Cross-section>
R7600
Array of Linear
Focused Dynode
Features
Compact, Fast Time Response
Position Sensitive
Immunity to magnetic field
1 mm
1 mm
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R7600 & R8900 Various Anode Types
Difference of R7600 & R8900
R7600
R8900
(R5900)
4 channels
M4 (2x2)
16 channels
M16 (4x4)
(R7600-M64 only)
23.5 mm
25.7 mm
26.2 mm
WINDOW
WINDOW
Y
64 channels
M64 (8x8)
18.0 mm
Focusing
X
Cross-Plate
C12 (6+6)
MCD
Proximity
Multi-anode
Fiber Coupling
Imaging
RICH
(R8900-C12 only)
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Latest Data of R7600-200 (UBA)
Example data with 10 tubes
Quantum Efficiency [%]
50
40
30
41%~45%
<<Specification>>
Typical : 43 %
Minimum : 38 %
at peak Wavelength
20
10
0
200
300
400
500
600
700
Wavelength [nm]
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Conventional PMTs with SBA
R877-100 (5”)
is now
available!
R6231-100
(2 inch)
R6233-100
(3 inch)
R3998-100
(1-1/8 inch)
Applications:
Radiation detection
Gamma Camera
Radiation Probe
For Better
Energy Resolution
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Energy Resolution vs. QE
QE at 380 nm vs Energy Resolution (LaBr3 + Cs137)
Energy Resolution (FWHM) (%)
4.5
R7600
R7600-100 (SBA)
4
R7600-200 (UBA)
y = 13.671x-0.4096
R2 = 0.9019
3.5
R3998-100 (SBA)
3
Radiation Source : Cs137 (662KeV)
Scintillator : LaBr3 0.5"dia x 0.5"
Supply Voltage : 400-500V (R3998-100)
800V (R7600)
2.5
2
20
25
30
35
QE at 380 nm (%)
40
45
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HPD Compared with PMT
<HPD>
<PMT>
AD (Avalanche Diode)
EB GAIN : 1000~2000
DYNODE GAIN : 3~10
AD GAIN : 30~100
GAIN = 4x4x4x…x4x4x4
Total gain: ~1x105
Total gain: ~1x106
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Pulse Height Distribution
<HPD>
K-APD = 12KV
1pe
<PMT>
1pe
2pe
2pe
3pe
4pe
5pe
Prime Feature : Good Pulse Height Distribution
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Large Format HPD
280mm
F330mm
13 inches
AD Target : 5mm f
TTS(FWHM) : 440 ps
Development will be
finished by spring 2012
<Collaboration>
The Univ. of Tokyo and JST (JAPAN SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY)
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EB Gain and Avalanche Gain
Total : 2.3e+05
13 inch HPD
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