Transcript スライド 1 - University of Tokyo

Recent Progress in PMTs
Oct.05 2007 at NNN07 Workshop
Hamamatsu Photonics
Electron Tube Division
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Contents in this talk
What is Hamamatsu Photonics ?
High QE Bialkali Photocathode
Available Products
(Metal Channel PMTs and others)
Developmental Products
(Fast PMTs, Large Format PMTs)
Combination with Solid State Devices
HPD(Hybrid Photo Detector)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Hamamatsu Sales Office Map
Europe
JAPAN
(Subsidiaries)
Southeast
Asia
USA
(Subsidiaries)
(Representatives)
Japanese Standard MAP
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Where is Hamamatsu Photonics
ETD
CRL
KRL
SSD
Population : 820K
(as of Jul.07)
NNN07
Workshop
Hamamatsu is the name of the city.
HONDA, YAMAHA and SUZUKI
(famous motorcycle companies) are located in the same area.
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Hamamatsu Photonics K.K.
Solid Sate Division
Research Laboratories
Electron Tube Division
Laser Group
Systems Division
Established :
Sept 29, 1953
Net Sales : (FY 2006)
Yen 87B ($750M)
Employees : 4,000
(Group) (As of Jul. 07)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Central Research Lab.
Material
Research
Biomedical
Research
Main Research Lab.
Medical Imaging Center
(PET Center)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Kurematsu Research Lab.
HAMANA Lake
Main Research
Buildings
Training Center
Dormitories
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
High QE Bialkali Photocathode
Announced at IEEE conference in last Oct.
Based on continuous effort for long time
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Bialkali QE Comparison
Quantum Efficiency [%]
50
UBA:43%
40
30
SBA:35%
Example Data for
x1.6 UBA : R7600-200
x1.3 SBA : R7600-100
STD : R7600
STD:26%
20
10
0
200
300
400
500
Wavelength [nm]
600
700
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Definition of SBA/UBA
Photocathode
(suffix)
Ultra Bialkali
"UBA" (-200)
QE at peak
wavelength
Min.
38%
Typ.
43%
R7600/R8900
(Metal Package PMT)
35%
R7600/R8900/R9880
(Metal Package PMT)
1"-3"Glass Bulb types
Super Bialkali
"SBA"
(-100/-110)
R7600/R8900
1 inch Square
Metal Package
32%
Available Products
R9880
New TO-8 type
Metal Package
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
R7600 & R8900 & R9880
(Metal Package PMTs)
Metal Channel Dynodes
Micro processing technology
R9880
<Cross-section>
R7600
Array of Linear
Focused Dynode
Features
Compact, Fast Time Response
Position Sensitive
Immunity to magnetic field
1 mm
1 mm
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
R7600 & R8900 Various Anode Types
Difference of R7600 & R8900
R7600
4 channels
M4 (2x2)
16 channels
M16 (4x4)
Y
R8900
18.0 mm
23.5 mm
25.7 mm
26.2 mm
WINDOW
WINDOW
Focusing
MCD
64 channels
M64 (8x8)
(R7600-M64 only)
X
Cross-Plate
C12 (6+6)
Proximity
Multi-anode
Fiber Coupling
Imaging
RICH
(R8900-C12 only)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Quantum Efficiency [%]
Latest Data of R7600-200
Example data with 10 tubes
(UBA)
50
40
30
20
10
41%~45%
<<Specification>>
Typical : 43 %
Minimum : 38 %
at peak Wavelength
0
200
300
400
500
Wavelength [nm]
600
700
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Conventional PMTs with SBA
R6231-100
(2 inch)
R6233-100
(3 inch)
R3998-100
(1-1/8 inch)
Applications:
Radiation detection
Gamma Camera
Radiation Probe
For Better
Energy Resolution
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Energy Resolution vs. QE
4.5
R7600
R7600-100 (SBA)
4
(%)
Energy Resolution (FWHM)
QE at 380 nm vs Energy Resolution (LaBr3 + Cs137)
y = 13.671x-0.4096
2
R = 0.9019
3.5
3
2.5
R7600-200 (UBA)
R3998-100 (SBA)
Radiation Source : Cs137 (662KeV)
Scintillator : LaBr3 0.5"dia x 0.5"
Supply Voltage : 400-500V (R3998-100)
800V (R7600)
2
20
25
30
35
40
45
QE at 380 nm (%)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Developmental Products
for High QE
Fast Time Response PMTs
for HEP experiments & PET
Large Format PMTs
for Neutrino experiments
Flat Panel PMTs
for Medical Applications
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Fast Time Response PMTs
R9779 (2”)
For Faster Timing Resolution
TTS: 250 ps
Rise: 1.8 ns
at 1500V
R9800 (1”)
TTS: 270 ps
Rise: 1.0 ns
at 1300V
< Concept >
Simple Structure
For Low Cost and
Mass Production
R9420 (1.5”)
TTS: 550 ps
Rise: 1.6 ns
at 1300V
Applications:
TOF-PET and
HEP Experiments
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Test Setup for CRT
CRT: (Timing Resolution)
Coincidence Resolving Time
HV
PS
HV
PS
22
Na (511KeV)
Voltage
Divider
PMT
(Start)
Scinti.
Scinti.
PMT
(Stop)
Scintillator
LYSO(1"dia.x1")
C.F.D.
Start Signal
T.A.C.
LLD=300KeV
C.F.D. :
Constant Fraction Discriminator M.C.A.
Voltage
Divider
Delay
Stop Signal
C.F.D.
LLD=300KeV
T.A.C. :
Time Amplitude Converter
M.C.A. :
Multi Channel Analyzer
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Relation between Timing and QE
< Basic Equations >
Pt-1
Pt-2
CRT = root[(Pt-1)^2 + (Pt-2)^2]
Pt-1 = root[(St-1)^2 + (Pm-1)^2]
= root[(St-1)^2 + (
TTS
root[Npe]
)^2]
Pt : Timing with combination of St and Pm
St : Timing of a Scitillator
Pm : Timing of a PMT
Npe : Number of photoelectrons (which depends on QE)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
CRT vs. QE (an Example)
Corｒ
elation between C.R.T. and QE at 430 nm
C.R.T.(FWHM)
[ ps ]
600
y = 4595.4x-0.6769
550
R2 = 0.9081
500
SBA
450
400
Standard
350
300
26
28
30
32
34
QE at 430 nm [ % ]
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Large Format PMTs
For Better Detection Efficiency
13 inch PMT is very low profile
despite its diameter.
8 inch
R5912
10 inch
R7081
Trial for High QE
20 inch
R3600
13 inch
R8055
Applications:
Neutrino Experiment
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Example data R7081 (10 inch)
40
Quantum Efficiency [%]
35
30
High QE Type
Champion Data
35% at 380 nm
12
10
8
Samples:22 pcs
Average:31.6%
6
25
4
2
20
Standard
26% at 380 nm
15
0
~28
10
~30
~32
~34
QE at 380 nm (%)
~36
5
0
200
300
400
500
600
Wavelength [nm]
700
800
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Flat Panel PMTs
For Better Image Quality
2 inch Square
3 x 3 array
Channels
Pixel Size
H8500 64 ch (8x8)
6x6 mm
H9500 256 ch (16x16) 3x3 mm
Applications:
Radiation Imaging
HEP Experiments
High Packing Ratio (89% effective area ratio)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Example data for H8500
40
High QE Type
Champion Data
35% at 350 nm
33.5% at 420 nm
Quantum Efficiency [%]
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
Standard
27.5% at 350 nm
24% at 420 nm
0
200
300
400
500
Wavelength [nm]
600
700
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
High Speed HPD R10467U
NEW
Diameter:
33 mm
Length:
34 mm
Plano-Concave
Bialkali
(8 mm in dia.)
at 8KV
Total Gain
200,000
Small AD
at 400V
SMA Connector
<Collaboration>
KEK (HEP Lab in
Japan)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Timing Resolution with Single p.e.
R10467U
Timing Resolution
(FWHM)
1mm dia. : 34 ps
8mm dia. : 50 ps
Light Source : PLP
Application:
HEP Experiments
Biomedical,
LIDAR, TCSPC
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Large Format HPD
280mm
F330mm
13 inches
AD Target : 5mm f
TTS(FWHM) : 440 ps
Development will be
finished by Mar.2009
<Collaboration>
The Univ. of Tokyo and JST (JAPAN SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY AGENCY)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
EB Gain and Avalanche Gain
Total : 2.3e+05
13 inch HPD
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Summary
PMTs are getting improved.
High QE Bialkali photocathode is ready
for some products
Unique shapes are offered with MCD
(MCD:Metal Channel Dynode)
HPDs are getting matured.
High Speed HPD
Large Format HPD (13 inch)
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.
Thank you for your
attention !!
Any Questions ?
Copyright © Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. All Rights Reserved.