Transcript The Enlightenment - Appoquinimink High School

Today’s Warm Up
• Pick up the red/purpleish Human Legacy
world history textbook from the back of the
room
• Look at the image on page 167 (in the
“Reading Like a Historian” section)
• Answer the following question in your notes.
What do you think the darkened
room and the illuminated faces of
the spectators symbolize?
The Enlightenment
Today’s LEQ(s):
•What was the Enlightenment?
•What views did philosophes have on
the structure and purposes of
government and the economy?
What was the Enlightenment?
• A movement led by European
philosophes (thinkers) during the 1700s
• Aimed to enlighten the public
• Challenged everything – gov’t, religion,
education, human nature, etc.
• Sparked a wave of political revolutions
(and still does!)
a.k.a. the Age of Reason
• A time when philosophes thought
reason could be used to solve all
human problems
• The Reformation and Scientific
Revolution paved the way…
– Why do you think this is?
How did Enlightenment Ideas Spread?
• From beer and liquor to coffee
– Calm, sober discussions in
coffeehouses vs. inebriated talk in
taverns
• Philosophes published ideas in
books, magazines, and pamphlets
• Paris = center of Enlightenment
activity
– Wealthy Parisian women would host
social gatherings called salons to
discuss and debate ideas
Who Were the Enlightenment Thinkers?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
• Wrote “The Social Contract”
• Beliefs:
– People are naturally good;
society corrupts
– Some social controls are good –
popular sovereignty
– People will give up freedoms to
benefit the common good
• “Man is born free but
everywhere he is in
chains.”
John Locke
• Wrote “Two Treatises of
Government”
• Beliefs:
– Agreed with the Social
Contract but with limited
government
– Government exists to protect
our natural rights – life,
liberty, and the right to own
property
Thomas Hobbes
• Wrote “The Leviathan”
• Beliefs
– People are naturally cruel
and selfish
– Without gov’t we’re in the
state of nature
– Agreed with Social Contract
but with unlimited
government
– People should give up ind’l
liberties for safety and social
order
Compare & Contrast
• In your notes, create a Venn Diagram
comparing and contrasting Locke and Hobbes
• Use your notes along with pages 177-178
• Be ready to share
Baron de Montesquieue
• Wrote “The Spirit of the
Laws”
• Beliefs
– Against unlimited gov’t and
absolute power
– Believed in a system of
checks and balances (sound
familiar?)
– Liked Great Britain’s
constitutional monarchy
Voltaire
• Wrote “Manner of Spirits
of Nation”
• Beliefs
– Very critical of the Catholic
Church
– Believed gov’t would be the
world’s downfall due to
corrupt officials
– Hated the slave trade and
religious intolerance
Mary Wollstonecraft
• Wrote “A Vindication of the
Rights of Woman”
• Beliefs
– All humans have reason,
therefore men and women
should be equal
– Equality in education,
workplace, and politics
– Women should be a good
mother first but have much
more to offer
Your Turn…
• Use page 179 to add Diderot and
Adam Smith to your notes
• Major beliefs, writings, etc.
Thomas Hobbes
John Locke
•Humans are naturally
cruel, greedy and selfish.
•To escape this “brutish” life
people entered into a social
contract.
•Only a powerful
government could ensure
an orderly society.
•Believed only an absolute
monarchy could keep a
society completely orderly.
•Humans are naturally
reasonable, moral and good
•Humans have natural rights:
life liberty and property
•People form governments to
protect natural rights
•Best government was one
with limited power
•If a government violates
people’s natural rights,
people have the right to
overthrow government