Transcript Slide 1

Chapter 2
Population
What type of map?
There
areisother
Where
the
clusters
in
the
East
Asia
Southeast
Asia
Europe
world’s
population
South
Asia
northeast
U.S.
20%
8%
11%
20%
distributed?
and West Africa
Where in the world do people live and
why?
density—the measure of a country’s total
population relative to land size.
Population
Example—The
US has 3,217,425 square miles.
Population of 294.5(2004) Population density is 79 per
square mile
Also
known as arithmetic population density
US population density=79
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bangladesh=2542
Japan=1033
Jamaica=660
UK=650
Sometimes this is a meaningless figure—
98% of all Egyptians live on the valley and
delta of the Nile River. That’s 98% of the
population living on 3% of the land!
Physiologic
population density—the
number of people per unit area of
agriculturally productive land.
Population
distribution—people are not
spread out evenly across the earth
Thomas Malthus
Published
“An Essay on the Principles of
Population”
Warned
that the worlds population was
increasing faster than the food supplies need to
sustain it.
He
reasoned that food supplies grew linearly,
where as population grew exponentially.
So, was he right????
Malthus
assumed food production is confined
spatially and linearly—what people eat within a
country can be grown in that country
This
was back in 1803 Globalization, shipping
and better production proved Malthus theory
wrong…or did it?
So why are there NEO-Malthusians??
These
are scholars who continue to share
Malthus’s concerns and continue to be
alarmed at the growing rate of population.
They
point out that human suffering is now
on a scale that even Malthus couldn’t have
imagined.
They
want over population addressed now
Stages of Demographic Transition
A. Stage 1: Low Growth
1. most of human history is in this stage
2. boom with agricultural revolution, but still stayed in this stage
B. Stage 2: High Growth
1. entered this stage with Industrial Revolution
2. United States and Europe entered this stage in 1800s, but it didn’t
diffuse to places like Africa till much later
C. Stage 3: Moderate Growth
1. happens when the crude birth rate begins to drop sharply
2. economic changes in this stage induce families to have less
children
D. Stage 4: Low growth
1. Zero population growth – a term applied to stage 4 countries
2. some countries like Russia have negative natural increase rates,
meaning they have more deaths than births
Doubling Time
The
amount of time it takes for the population
to double.
From
the start of recorded time until about
1650---the world population doubled
170
By
years later it doubled again (1820)
1930 it had doubled again (2 billion)
1975—doubled
again, although rate has
slowed down since we hit 4 billion, it is
estimated the doubling rate will occur every 51
years.
Population growth at the local
scale
India
is comprised of a federation of 28
states and 7 union territories.
States
differ greatly both culturally and
politically.
As
in any federation, the will of the federal
government cannot be forcibly imposed on
the states.
Indian Independence 1947
Population
planning begins in 1950.
During
the 1970’s—India began a policy of
forced sterilization for any man with three or
more children.
People
rioted after 3.7 million people were
sterilized, they rescinded the policy
All
toll, 22.5 million were sterilized
What are population pyramids?
Population pyramid – a bar graph that shows an
area’s population by age and gender groups
Sex ratio is
100:100
age cohorts
Shows a high
dependency
ratio
Shows high total
fertility rate
Abbreviations you should know
CBR---Crude
Birth Rate (# of births per 1000 people per year)
CDR—Crude
Death Rate (# of deaths per 1000 people per
year)
SPL—Stationary
Population Level (national population ceases
to grow)
IMR—Infant
Mortality Rate (# of deaths of children per 1000
per year)
CMR—Child
Mortality Rate (#of children under age 5 who die
per year per 1000)
TFR—Total
Fertility Rate (Average # of babies a woman as
during her child bearing years)
Key Terms
• Agricultural density – the ratio of the number of farmers to the total
amount of land suitable for agricultural
• Arithmetic density - total number of people divided by the total land
area
• Dependency ratio – the number of people under the age of 15 and
over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor
force
• Infant Mortality rate – the total number of deaths in a year among
infants under one year old for every 1000 live births in a society
• Natural Increase Rate – the percentage growth of a population in a
year computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate
• Physiological Density – the number of people per unit of arable land
• Ecumene- portion of the earth occupied by human settlement
Vocabulary
• For these terms, write a definition in YOUR OWN
WORDS AND find relevant examples (at least two)
that effectively illustrate the terms. Keep groups of
terms together and say how they are related!
1. Population Densities- Arithmetic Density and Physiological Density and
Population Distributions
2. Mortality
3. Demographic Transition
4.Dependency Ratio
5. Zero Population Growth,
6.Crude Birth Rate
7.Crude Death Rate
8. Rate of Natural Increase
9. Infant Mortality Rate
Population Reference Bureau
• http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheet
s/2011/world-population-data-sheet.aspx
Smile—it’s not that bad!
I
Love
AP
HUG!
World Population Distribution – $200
One of the two regions of the world where
one fifth of the population lives.
Answer
World Population
Distribution
Demographic
Transition
Thomas
Malthus
W“ity”
Vocabulary
World Health
Threats
200
200
200
200
200
400
400
400
400
400
600
600
600
600
600
800
800
800
800
800
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Final Jeopardy
World Population Distribution – $400
This country has the fastest growing
Population.
Question
Question
What is East Asia or South Asia?
Back
Question
What is India?
Back
World Population Distribution – $600
The name of the portion of Earth’s surface
occupied by permanent human settlement.
Question
Question
What is ecumene?
Back
World Population Distribution – $800
The total number of people divided by the
total land area
Question
Question
What is arithmetic density?
Back
World Population Distribution – $1000
This type of country has a lower agricultural
density because technology and finance
allow a few people to farm extensive land
areas and feed many people.
Question
Question
What is a more developed country (MDC)?
Back
Demographic Transition – $200
The number of stages in the demographic
transition
Question
Question
What is four?
Back
Demographic Transition – $400
A country is in this stage of development
when it reaches zero population growth.
Question
Question
What is stage four?
Back
Demographic Transition – $400
A country is in this stage of development
when it reaches zero population growth.
Question
Demographic Transition – $600
The crude birth rate declines in this stage
due to changes in social customs.
Question
Question
What is stage three?
Back
Demographic Transition – $800
This caused the burst of population growth
around 8000 B.C.
Question
Question
What is the agricultural revolution?
Back
Demographic Transition – $1000
After this country off the coast of West Africa
entered stage two of the demographic
transition, the population tripled to more
than 400,000.
Question
Question
What is Cape Verde?
Back
Thomas Malthus – $200
Malthus’ geometric growth is now commonly
referred to as this.
Question
Question
What is exponential growth?
Back
Thomas Malthus – $400
This group of contemporary geographers
argue that two characteristics of recent
population growth make Malthus’ thesis
more frightening than when it was first
written more than 200 years ago.
Question
Question
Who are the neo-Malthusians?
Back
Thomas Malthus – $600
One of the two claims of Malthus’ thesis.
Question
Question
What is people need food to survive?
(acceptable: people have the natural desire
to reproduce)
Back
Thomas Malthus – $800
The six-word title of the essay that Malthus’s
theory was published in.
Question
Question
What is Essay on the Principle of
Population?
Back
Thomas Malthus – $1000
This group of critics believe that there is no
cause-and-effect relationship between
population growth and economic
development.
Question
Question
Who are Marxists?
Back
W“ity” Vocabulary – $200
The largest number of people that the
environment of a particular area can
support.
Question
Question
What is the carrying capacity?
Back
W“ity” Vocabulary – $400
A measurement of the number of persons
per unit land area.
Question
Question
What is the population density?
Back
W“ity” Vocabulary – $600
Rate described by the average number of
children born to a woman during her
childbearing years.
Question
Question
What is the total fertility?
Back
W“ity” Vocabulary – $800
The rate described by the percentage of
children who die before their first birthday
within a particular area or country.
Question
Question
What is the infant mortality?
Back
W“ity” Vocabulary – $1000
The number of people supported by a unit
area of arable land.
Question
Question
What is the physiological density?
Back
World Health Threats – $200
A disease that occurs over a wide
geographic area and affects a very high
proportion of the population.
Question
Question
What is a pandemic?
Back
World Health Threats – $400
This violent stage-one epidemic originated in
present-day Kyrgyzstan.
Question
Question
What is the bubonic plague?
(acceptable: Black Plague)
Back
World Health Threats – $600
This has been the most lethal epidemic in
recent years.
Question
Question
What is AIDS?
Back
World Health Threats – $800
SARS is the acronym for this infectious
disease.
Question
Question
What is Severe Acute Respiratory
Syndrome?
Back
World Health Threats – $1000
This stage of the epidemiologic transition is
characterized by a decrease in deaths
from infectious diseases and an increase
in chronic disorders associated with aging.
Question
Question
What is stage three?
Back
Final Jeopardy Category
United States Population
Answer
Final Jeopardy Answer
This is the shape the population pyramid of
the United States will look like when the
baby boomers have reached retirement
age.
Question
Final Jeopardy Question
What is relatively rectangular, with a slight
bulge near the top?
(acceptable: wider at the top)
Game Over