Transcript Roots of the Arab-Israeli Conflict

UNIT SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pg
Assignment
Date
38
Africa PowerPoint Notes
10/13
39
Kashmir Problems and
Solutions
10/14
40
Unit 2 Review Sheet
10/14
41
Arab- Israeli PPT Notes
10/16
42
Suez Crisis Reading
10/16
43
Suez Crisis Notes
10/16
Date: 10/17/14
Activity: Arab Israeli
Conflict
Warm Up: What is the cause
of the Arab-Israeli conflict
that is still going on today?
===================
Homework:
*Suez Crisis Reading and
Notes due Monday
10/20
*Unit 2 Review Sheet due
Tuesday 10/21
*Unit 2 Test Wednesday
10/22
What is the cause of the Arab-Israeli
conflict that is still going on today?
Both Arabs and Jewish people
believe they have a right to the
land of Palestine.
ROOTS OF THE
ARAB-ISRAELI
CONFLICT
1890s - 1949
ESSENTIAL QUESTION:
HOW DID BRITAIN’S
ACTIONS IN PALESTINE
AFTER 1918 LAY THE
GROUNDWORK FOR THE
ON-GOING CONFLICT
BETWEEN THE JEWS
AND THE ARABS IN THE
MIDDLE EAST TODAY?
ZIONISM
THE MOVEMENT FOR THE RETURN OF THE JEWISH
PEOPLE TO PALESTINE AND THE RESUMPTION OF A
JEWISH STATE IN THE LAND OF ISRAEL. THE TERM
“ZIONISM” WAS COINED IN 1890.
The Middle East in 1914
OIL DISCOVERED IN MIDDLE EAST!
 BRITAIN SIGNED AN
AGREEMENT WITH KUWAIT
FOR EXCLUSIVE OIL RIGHTS
PRIOR TO WW I.
 AMERICAN OIL COMPANIES
GAIN OIL RIGHTS IN BAHRAIN
IN 1929.
 IN 1933, AMERICAN OIL
COMPANIES RECEIVE OIL
RIGHTS IN SAUDI ARABIA.
 ARAMCO (ARAB-AMERICAN
OIL CO.) IS CREATED IN 1939.
HUSSEIN-MCMAHON LETTERS, 1915
The documents declared
that the Arabs would form
an alliance with the United
Kingdom and in return the
UK will recognize the Arab
independence.
“....BRITAIN IS PREPARED TO
RECOGNIZE THE
INDEPENDENCE OF THE
ARABS IN ALL REGIONS
LYING WITHIN THE
FRONTIERS PROPOSED BY
THE SHARIF OF MECCA....”
HUSSEIN IBN ALI,
SHARIF OF
MECCA
SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916
• A SECRET AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE
GOVERNMENTS OF BRITAIN AND FRANCE
• BASED UPON THE EXPECTED DOWNFALL
OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE
• IT DIVIDED THE ARAB PROVINCES OF THE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE (OUTSIDE THE ARABIAN
PENINSULA) INTO AREAS OF FUTURE
BRITISH AND FRENCH CONTROL OR
INFLUENCE
SYKES-PICOT AGREEMENT, 1916
BRITISH PROMISE TO THE JEWS:
BALFOUR DECLARATION, 1917
HIS MAJESTY’S
GOVERNMENT
VIEWS WITH
FAVOR THE
ESTABLISHMENT
IN PALESTINE OF A
NATIONAL HOME
FOR THE JEWISH
PEOPLE
SIR ARTHUR JAMES
BALFOUR
BR. FOREIGN SECRETARY
What does this say about British
foreign policy in the Middle East?
• They were sneaky and only had their
own goals in mind.
BRITISH MANDATE
LEAGUE OF
NATIONS GIVES
BRITAIN A
MANDATE IN
PALESTINE IN 1922:
A MANDATE IS
TEMPORARY
CONTROL
GRANTED TO A
NATION OVER
AN AREA UNTIL
IT IS CAPABLE
OF SELF- GOV’T
JEWS & ARABS
• FROM THE 1920s 1940s, MANY JEWS
CAME TO
PALESTINE
SEEKING REFUGE
FROM ANTISEMITISM & THE
HOLOCAUST.
• PALESTINIAN
ARABS RESENTED
THE JEWS AND
RELATIONS
BECAME
INCREASINGLY
HOSTILE.
JEWISH IMMIGRATION
Jewish
Immigration
1919
1,806
1931
4,075
1920
8,223
1932
12,533
1921
8,294
1933
37,337
1922
8,685
1934
45,267
1923
8,175
1935
66,472
1924
13,892
1925
34,386
1936
29,595
1926
13,855
1937
10,629
1927
3,034
1938
14,675
1928
2,178
1939
31,195
1929
5,249
1940
10,643
1930
4,944
1941
4,592
WHY WOULD THE ARABS BE CONCERNED
ABOUT THE ABOVE STATISTICS?
They were increasing dramatically
ARAB CONCERNS
 GROWING JEWISH
EMIGRATION TO PALESTINE
 THE TRANSFER OF LANDS TO
JEWISH OWNERS
JEWS & ARABS IN PALESTINE, 1920
×
IN 1920, THERE
WERE 10 ARABS
FOR EVERY JEW
IN PALESTINE.
×
BY 1947, THE
RATIO WAS 2
ARABS FOR
EVERY JEW.
×
THE ARABS FELT
THAT THEY WERE
LOSING CONTROL
OF THEIR LAND
JEWISH SETTLEMENTS:
THE KIBBUTZ SYSTEM
 COMMUNAL LIVING
 BASED ON AGRICULTURE
 “MAKE THE DESERT BLOOM!”
BRITISH WHITE PAPER OF 1939
 LIMITED JEWISH
EMIGRATION TO
PALESTINE
 ENDED JEWISH LAND
PURCHASES
 INDEPENDENCE FOR
PALESTINE WITHIN 10
YEARS
 “IT IS NOT BRITISH
POLICY THAT
PALESTINE BECOME A
JEWISH STATE”
HOW DOES THE WHITE PAPER CONFLICT
WITH EARLIER BRITISH STATEMENTS?
ILLEGAL JEWISH EMIGRATION TO
PALESTINE CONTINUED
JEWISH “FREEDOM FIGHTERS”
(OR “TERRORISTS”?)
ENTER THE U.N.
• UNABLE TO
STOP THE
VIOLENCE,
BRITAIN
TURNED THE
PROBLEM OVER
TO THE U.N.
• IN 1947 THE U.N.
PARTITIONED
PALESTINE
INTO SEPARATE
JEWISH & ARAB
STATES.
UNIT SECTION TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pg
Assignment
Date
38
Africa PowerPoint Notes
10/13
39
Kashmir Problems and
Solutions
10/14
40
Unit 2 Review Sheet
10/14
41
Arab- Israeli PPT Notes
10/16
42
Suez Crisis Reading
10/16
43
Suez Crisis Notes
10/16
Date: 10/20/14
Activity: Suez Crisis
Warm Up: What was the
connection between the
Suez Crisis and the
Cold War?
===================
Homework:
*Unit 2 Review Sheet due
Tomorrow 10/21
**ADD SOMALIA to
Africa Map!
*Unit 2 Test Wednesday
10/22
VIDEO CLIP: PARTITION
The Arab-Israeli Conflict, part 1- Land
Division (10 min 5 sec)
INDEPENDENCE
• THE PALESTINIAN JEWS ACCEPTED THE
U.N. DECISION & PROCLAIMED THE STATE
OF ISRAEL ON MAY 14, 1948.
• THE PALESTINIAN ARABS & NEIGHBORING
ARAB COUNTRIES REJECTED THE PLAN.
WAR OF INDEPENDENCE BEGINS!
MAY 15, 1948
SEEKING TO
DESTROY THE
NEW JEWISH
STATE, THE
ARAB NATIONS
LAUNCHED A
JOINT ATTACK
AGAINST
ISRAEL (THE
1ST OF 4 SUCH
WARS).
VIDEO CLIP: 1948 WAR
1948 war (8 min 22 sec)
PLIGHT OF THE PALESTINIANS
• 75% OF THE ARAB
POPULATION OF
ISRAEL FLED TO
NEIGHBORING
COUNTRIES.
• THEY EXPECTED TO
RETURN AFTER THE
WAR BUT WERE
UNABLE TO DO SO.
• THE PALESTINIANS
SETTLED INTO
REFUGEE CAMPS
WHERE THEY HAD
LITTLE OPPORTUNITY
TO LEAD NORMAL
LIVES.
ARAB REFUGEES, 1948
ARMISTICE SIGNED, 1949
SUEZ CRISIS
• Egypt seized control of the Suez Canal
from Britain and France.
• Egypt also blocked Israel’s use of the
Straits of Tiran (their only way to the Red
Sea)
• Israel, Britain and France made a plan
together to attack Egypt
SUEZ CRISIS
• Soviet Union came to the defense of Egypt and
from this point forward they gave their support
and aid to Egypt and the other Arab nations
against Israel.
• The US (President Eisenhower) did not support
the actions of Israel, Britain and France.
– They were more concerned with the Soviet war in
Hungary and the Cold War.
– They pressured for a cease fire.