Transcript Slide 1
January 13
th
, 2015
Turn in your homework.
7.1 Isolationism
7.2 Neutrality Copy this chart on a sheet of paper
WWII Vocab
Munitions
materials used in war..i.e. weapons, ammunition, etc…
Belligerents
Countries involved in war
Embargo
-partial or complete prohibition of commerce and trade with a particular country, in order to isolate it
Appeasement
-to yield or concede to the belligerent demands of in a conciliatory effort, sometimes at the expense right or justice.
Who was Gerald Nye, what did he do?
He headed the committee that investigated the role played by U.S. businessmen (munitions manufactures) in the American entrance into World War I. An outspoken isolationist, he fathered the Neutrality Acts.
What were the Neutrality Acts?
As series of legislations that attempted to keep the U.S. out of Europe’s war. (ISOLATIONISM) 1.
Forbade trade or sell of munitions to
belligerents
2.
Forbade U.S. citizens to travel on belligerents vessels 3.
Banded loans to belligerents 4.
Cash & Carry 5.
Destroyer Base Deal 6.
Lend Lease
What is the Quarantine Speech?
In response to Japanese action in China, Pres. Roosevelt delivers a speech in which he calls for peace-loving nations to act together to ( "
quarantine
"
embargo
)
AGGRESSIVES
to protect the world from the "
disease
" of war.
Who were the 3 anonymous aggressors Roosevelt was talking about?
JAPAN Germany Italy
What is Cash and Carry
Allowed the sale of materiel to
belligerents
, as long as the recipients arranged for the
transport using their own ships and paid immediately in cash
, assuming all risk in transportation.
What is the first peace time draft?
Selective Service Act
required that men between the ages of 21 and 35 register with local draft boards.
What was the Destroyer Base Deal
U.S. exchanges WWI destroyers for British Colonies in the western hemisphere
Newfoundland Bermuda Antigua St. Lucia Jamaica Trinidad British Guiana
What is Lend Lease?
The legislation gave President Roosevelt the
powers to sell, transfer,
exchange, lend
equipment to any country to help it defend itself against the Axis powers
.
Atlantic Charter
Churchill and FDR agree to defend democracy, free trade and economic advancement
•
no territorial gains sought by the United States or the United Kingdom;
•
territorial adjustments must be in accord with wishes of the people;
•
the right to self-determination of peoples;
• •
trade barriers lowered; global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare;
• • •
freedom from want and fear; freedom of the seas; disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar common disarmament
On a sheet of paper make a chart like this… you will need room to write.
Italy Germany Japan Russia Fascism Mussolini Nazism Hitler Militarism Tojo Communism Stalin
Totalitarianism
= political system where the state, usually under the control of a single political person, faction, or class, recognizes no limits to its authority and strives to regulate every aspect of public and private life.
Italy Germany Japan Russia Fascism Mussolini Nazism Hitler Militarism Tojo Communism Stalin
• • • • •
State is the custodian of everything on behalf of the people.
• • •
State Ownership Classless, everyone is equal.
•
thinks globally community that holds the production and the major resources
•
State controls everything…peopl e work for the betterment of the state.
State Control State is above all. Nobody more important than the state.
• • • •
Think locally (the nation) ideology that tries to bring together radical and authoritarian nationalism.
• •
State controls everything…peopl e work for the betterment of the state.
Ethnic and Racial superiority.
•
Military should dominate all aspects of political, economical, and social society.
State Control State is above all. Nobody more important than the state.
• •
Think locally (the nation) ideology that tries to bring together radical and authoritarian nationalism.
A nation is only as strong as its military.
Expansion is vital for growth and survival.
The Rise of Fascism in Italy Fascism is a totalitarian form of government which: Glorifies the state Has one leader and one party All aspects of society are controlled by the government No opposition or protests are tolerated Propaganda and censorship are widely practiced If nation is Great, then the people are great.
The truth is that men are tired of liberty Benito Mussolini came to power in 1922 and helped found the political ideology of fascism. He sided with the Axis powers in 1940.
Mussolini set up a Fascist Party
and promised to
solve Italy’s problems rebuild Italy and recreate the
Roman Empire
Came to power in 1922 and was appointed to prevent a Communist Revolution in Italy
Mussolini set up a Fascist Party
Treaty of Versailles treated Italy unfairly…
Italy will expand by force (military)
Expanded into Africa for resources
Signed an Alliance with Hitler in 1936
What is Communism
Belief Rich get Richer Poor get Poorer Goal To eliminate social classes Make everything fair for everyone Problem True communism never achieved Greed!
Soviet Union
Joseph Stalin (1929) World Depression Russia and surrounding countries in a great famine.
“ Great Purge ” wave of repression against Stalin ’ s enemies .
Murder 10x more people than Hitler.
Expansion: expanding communism into western Europe.
Non-Aggression Pact with Germany, Invaded Poland. 1939
Rise of the Nazi Party
Nazism is Fascism with 1 BIG difference!....RACE
Each race has a characteristic.
Aryan Race is the Master Race.
JEWS the lowest race Corrupted other inferior races.
Wanted to take over the world Parasites that betrayed Germany Stole work from Aryan s.
Japan Militarism
Military should dominate all aspects of political, economical, and social society.
A nation is only as strong as its military.
Expansion is vital for growth and survival.
glorification of war
Constant preparation for war.
Japanese Expansionism 1919-Post WWI Treaty of Versailles unfair.
1920s Japan seeking expansion needs natural resources 1931- Japan invades Manchuria 1932-1936 political turmoil 1936 Joins Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy to end Communism 1937 Japan began to attack China (Sino-Japanese War).
1937 US issues Oil embargo (80% dependent) In 1938, war between Japan and the Soviet Union.
China supported by US and Soviets Union, wanted to discuss peace. Roosevelt sided w/ China Nov 1941- Japan orders attack if peace fails
PEARL HARBOR
THE DAY OF INFAMY December 7, 1941
Causes…
Japan’s aggressive expansion tactics The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were victorious.
The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s economy
Warfare Used During Attack
Japan
81 Fighter Planes 135 Dive Bombers 104 Horizontal Bombers 40 Torpedo Planes At least 5 Midget Submarines
Warfare (continued)
United States 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight) 35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight) 993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns
During the Attack
Japan was also attacking Malaya Great Britian Hong Kong United States Phillippine Islands Midway Guam Wake Island
* Japan would control the entire Pacific by December 8
Casualties
-
Japan
Less then 100 men 29 planes 5 midget submarines -
United States
2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded 188 planes 18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)
Outcome of Pearl Harbor
Japan began their quest for a Pacific empire
December 8, 1941 FDR Speech
“Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - A date which will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”
Effects of Pearl Harbor
Attack unified the division between anti/pro war supporters.
85% of Fleet destroyed
Except Air craft carriers & submarines
Led to Japanese interment camps.
Huge mobilization effort
Men enlist to fight Women take jobs Minorities step up in employment and in War.
AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE
•
Make a chart with a section for each of he following concepts Mobilization Cooperation Women African Americans/ Hispanics Japanese Americans / Other Minorities
1.Mobilization
Building an Army
Selective Service Act 1940 First Peace Time Draft Highly opposed until Germany defeated France (Spring 1941) 16 Million Americans served in the armed forces.
A PRODUCTION MIRACLE
Americans converted their auto industry into a war industry
Automobile plants produced
tanks, planes, boats, Jeeps
Produced 1/3 of military equipment during the war.
Converting the Economy
Cost Plus Contracts- Govt.
agrees to pay pvt. Companies for production + %.
Reconstruction Finance Corp.
Made loans to pvt. Companies to make munitions.
War Production Board
supervised and regulated the production and sale of material essential to the logistics of World War II.
2. Cooperation
Paying for the War
War Bonds
E, Victory, Liberty, Loans
Buy a bond and cash it in later for a profit.
$100,000,000 generated.
Rationing
People were given ration coupons for goods such as gas, coffee, sugar, tires, and meats. Recycled items such as tin, metal, rubber and grease.
Coupons
Rationing Coupons-
Traded in coupons for goods
Price Controls
Office of Price Controls Regulated prices and Wages
Victory Gardens
Public Gardens for food consumptions planted in public places Parks Schoolyards Empty lots Yards
American Women During WWII
Women
Join the workforce Took jobs vacated by fighting men Joined the army Nurses, Secretaries Women’s Army Corps 64,000 enlisted New fashion Jeans Overalls Head scarves
African-Americans
African-Americans Work
Great Migration Resumes.
Southern Blacks move to North for jobs Protest unfair hiring practices FDR issues
Executive Order 8802
(no discrimination for employment based on race) Received more jobs and more equality (
prelude to civil rights movement
)
Segregated Army
Double V campaign
Abroad (enemy) Home (racism)
Tuskegee Airmen
Fighter squadron
761st Tank Battalion
Battle of the Bulge
African Americans War
Desegregated Bases
1943
Mexican-Americans
Mexican-Americans
Bracero Program A Mexican laborer allowed into the United States for a limited time as a seasonal agricultural worker.
Zoot Suit Riots 1943 L.A. Young Mexican Americans vs US Sailors Fought in the war
Japanese-Americans
Japanese Americans
Japanese-Americans loyalty questioned after Pearl Harbor Forced to sell homes and relocate to internment camps
Korematsu v. USA
Internment camps constitutional based on military urgency not on race 442nd combat regiment Fought in the war
Native Americans in WWII
1 out of 3 Native Americans served in WWII Many of them became part of the group, the
Navajo Code-Talkers
The Code-Talkers used their own languages to communicate messages across enemy lines Messages intercepted but not translated.
German-Americans
Travel, property restrictions Internment camps Spies Ridicule