Transcript Potential elements of a FP8 Challenge on food and research

Cassava value chain development
linking small-holder farmers and processors to markets
Andrew Westby, Kolawole Adebayo, Lateef Sanni, Nanam Dziedzoave, Vito
Sanifolo, Grace Mahende, Francis Alacho, Andrew Graffham, Louise Adeyomi,
Helena Posthumus, Adrienne Martin, Rory Hillocks, Lora Forsythe, Richard
Lamboll, Paul Ilona, Adebayo Abass
Partners:
Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Linking smallholders to markets
• Increasing small-holder
incomes.
• Contributing to food
security.
• Share lessons mainly
from the Cassava: Adding
Value for Africa Project.
• Not the only approach
Cassava: Adding Value for Africa
project
• Five year project starting in
2008.
• Five countries (Ghana, Nigeria,
Uganda, Tanzania and Malawi).
• Each country coordinated by a
small national team.
• Development and not research
project.
• Supported by a grant from the
Bill and Melinda Gates
Foundation
C:AVA is a partnership project
• Led by NRI
• Over 75 partners of different types:
– One lead partner per country
– IITA
– NGOs/public sector involved in extension with rural
level farmers/processors
– Farmers associations
– Other technical support organizations
– Technical experts
Our Vision...
A vibrant and competitive High
Quality Cassava Flour industry based
on market-led efficient production
and processing which leads to a
reduction in rural poverty
C:AVA – the model
Farmer(s) /
Group– sells
fresh roots
Farmer(s) –
processors –
Cassava grits
Farmer(s) –
processors –
Pressed wet
cake
Village level
Roots
Grits
Processor/
bulking agent
-Peel
-Grate
-Dry
-Mill
-Bulk
-Sell
End users/Industry
-Wheat millers
-Bakeries
-Biscuit makers
-Traditional food
products
-Plywood/
-Paperboard
Cake
Intermediate
End User/Industry
• Ensure a consistent supply of raw material (Village level)
• Ensure financially viable intermediaries (Intermediary)
• Support end users to adopt high quality cassava flour (End user/industry)
Service providers capacity strengthening
Main inputs
C:AVA framework
- Support farmer organisations
- Increase cassava productivity
- Support Village Processing Units
- Ensure quality
- Business development services
- Financial services
- Technical support in processing
- Ensure quality
-Technical support
in adopting HQCF
-Financial services
Value chain
HQCF
Farmers/Farmer
Processors
Grow cassava and sell
semi-processed
product to intermediary
Roots
Semiprocessed
product
Intermediaries (private
sector)
Bakeries – replacing
wheat with HQCF
Food processing
industry using HQCF
Grated roots
Village Processing Units
Benefits
Rural areas
- Increased farmer
incomes
- Employment
Intermediaries
- Business opportunity
- Employment
End-users:
- Increased profitability
- Lower consumer prices
Nationally
- Reduced imports
Overall progress
• Established value chains in each of the
C:AVA countries.
• Increasing production of HQCF and other
products.
• Increasing numbers of beneficiaries
• Improved planting and agronomic
practices increased yields greater than
national averages.
HQCF production per year in
East African countries
900
800
700
600
Tanzania
500
Uganda
Malawi
400
300
200
100
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
HQCF production per year in West
African countries
6000
5000
4000
Ghana
3000
Nigeria
2000
1000
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
Yield differences in the
C:AVA operating areas and
national averages
25
20
15
National average (t/ha)
10
Average in C:AVA areas (t/ha)
5
0
Ghana
Nigeria
Tanzania
Uganda
Malawi
Lessons learnt
• Need multi-point interventions in the value chain,
which may differ by location and time.
• Partnerships have been essential to progress
made.
• Facilitation of the value chain is very important –
provision of equipment and training is not
sufficient
• Public – private partnerships essential to
success.
• National ownership is very important.
Lessons learned
One model, different contexts
Rural level production and
processing
Intermediary
bulking/secondary
processing
Industry/end users
Nigeria
Produce/sell roots or wet
cake
Flash drying
Main uses:
-Wheat flour replacement
-Confectionaries
Ghana
Produce/sell roots or wet cake
Sun dried grits
Bin drying
Main uses:
-Glue extender for plywood
-Bakery
Tanzania
Produce dried grits
Bulking marketing
Main uses:
-Sale as HQCF
-Biscuit use
-Food industry
Uganda
Produce grits or flour
Bulking, milling and
marketing
Main uses:
-Domestic consumption
-Biscuits
-Bakeries
-Paperboard
Malawi
Produce/sell roots
Groups
Entrepreneurs
Produce
grits and
flour
Produce grits
and flour
Main uses:
-Village bakeries
Gender and diversity – C:AVA’s
approach
C:AVA approach designed to integrate gender and diversity
C:AVA emphasised understanding gender and diversity in
each country context:
•how project outputs and plans would affect and be affected.
• factors promoting participation.
•contribute to organisational learning / training and capacity needs.
Analysis of gender and diversity along value chain
•analysis at individual, household, farmer and village-based processor
group levels through to SMEs, market traders and end users
•gender and diversity audit of partner organisations and service
providers
•gender and diversity aspects included in baseline studies
Gender and diversity – C:AVA’s
approach
Monitoring of gender and diversity in project activities –
• indicators disaggregated by sex and diversity; e.g. membership of
farmer and processor groups, participation in training, employment,
leadership positions
• monitoring at household level, the impact of engaging in new products
and markets on livelihoods , gender relations and food security
COUNTRY
OPERATION
% WOMEN
Tanzania
Sun-drying
76
Uganda
Sun-drying
60
Malawi
Sun-drying
73
Gender and diversity lessons
•
Importance of appropriate location and timing of training
and information activities for village women
•
Flexibility in working hours and availability of transport
increases women’s ability to work in enterprises.
•
Some limits to women’s ability to exploit new opportunities
due to lack of control over their labour
•
Women’s access to their own plots gave them greater
control over budget decisions, cost of production and
access to income
•
Increase in processing opportunities are empowering
women, although there are some cases of tension.
•
Labour, time and capital requirements of new
technologies require particular scrutiny if poorer
individuals and groups are to participate.
•
Men’s participation in processing groups has increased,
particularly working with processing equipment.
Policy environment
Nigeria
2007/8
Change in Government – less
favourbale policy environment.
SME activity collapses.
2011/12
New Minister Change in
Government policies –
Government advocacy for HQCF
Main C:AVA activities:
alternative markets; policy advocacy
for HQCF inclusion in wheat.
Main C:AVA activities:
Price competitiveness of HQCF
through (a) fair pricing (b) improved
flash drying; market linkages
Quality assurance and
management
Interventions to assure quality in Uganda
• Partnership with UNBS who
carried out inspections and
audits.
• Partnership with end-user
markets (biscuit, agri-foods,
paperboard) who sent their
quality control officers.
• Training of processors on quality
management.
• Development of schedules,
instructions and records to
provide documentary evidence of
quality management.
• Setting up model processing
prototypes.
Markets
Potential HQCF markets as identified by the value chain
study in Malawi (2009)
Market
segment
Wheat flour
demand (t/yr)
Estimated
HQCF
HQCF
prices
(MK/ton)
HQCF
supply
chain
Price drivers
Millers
49000
4900 (10%)
168,000
Artificial
Wheat flour
processing costs
Rural retail
36000
7200 (20%)
189,000
sundried
Processing and
transportation
Biscuit
10000
2500 (25%)
144,000
artificial
Cost of wheat flour
Paper
board
750+reqional
markets
750 (100%)
224,000
artificial
Cost of corn starch
& delivery cost
Other
78
78 (100%)
224000
artificial
Cost of corn starch
& delivery
Total
99078
15428
Technology
Flash dryer improvements
Before 2011
• 156 flash-dryers (FD) in
127 SME’s
• 86% of FD’s poor – 11%
efficiency, Output 103kg/hr
374 litres diesel/tonne
• 14% FD’s - 32% efficiency,
Output 96kg, 132 litres
diesel per tonne
• International standard:
Efficiency 50%, 200kg/hr
76-80 litres diesel per
tonne
After 2011
• New design FD: 49%
efficiency, Output
202kg/hr, 86 litres diesel
per tonne Double output saving $63,000/yr when
compared to old models
for comparable output
• Upgrade existing FD –
41% efficiency, Output
138kg/hr, 103 litres diesel
per tonne
Technology
Equipment upgrades in East Africa
• Graters and presses found in the
market were poor quality and
break down after a few days of
use
• Practical hands-on training
organised for equipment
fabricators with Nigerian
commercial expertise
• C:AVA supported processing
groups with newly fabricated
improved food grade equipment
Profitability and price
competitiveness
HQCF alone?
• C:AVA scope has been broadened to look at
related products.
• C:AVA model is potentially applicable to other
cassava product value chains.
• Examined new market opportunities for a wider
range of products in Uganda and Tanzania
(Example of Tanzania)
Markets identified for cassava
products in Tanzania (2012)
Market segment
Cassava
product
Current market
Short term
market
(t/annum)
Long term
market
(t/annum)
Wheat mills
HQCF
0
0
17,500 - 35,000
Bakeries
HQCF
Limited
150-300
2,300 – 4,700
Biscuits
HQCF
50-100
1,000 – 2,000
5,000 – 10,000
Home use
HQCF
Limited
1,000-2,500
11,000 - 25,000
Small-scale mills
Grits/chips
Limited
1,300
50,000
Animal feed
Chips/grits
10-15
1,000
40,000-45,000
Clear beer
Improved
makopa
0
0
1,000 – 2,400
Traditional beer
Improved
makopa
0
900
10,000-12,000
Starch
Fresh root
0
0
228,000
C:AVA is now more than a
project
Additional research funding (2 projects from
European Commission; 3 million Euro each):
– Research issues raised in C:AVA (FSTP funded
CassavaGMarkets).
• Climate change
• Brown-streak
• New uses of HQCF
• Improved small-scale drying
• Quality management
• Impacts on food security and gender
– Reduce losses in value chain and added value to
waste products (Framework 7 - GRATITUDE).
Future prospects
• Undertake impact studies in each country.
• Future growth in HQCF markets.
• Need for processing technology between sundrying and a flash dryer.
• Impact of climate change.
• Application of the C:AVA approach to other
cassava product value chains.
• Strong linkages with initiatives on seed systems
and breeding.