Transcript Academic Practice

Academic
Practice
Academic Practice
Research
AVA Academic Practice
Research is…
 Questioning
 Searching for knowledge
 A system for investigation
 Discovery
 A basic process of inquiry
 Interpretation
AVA Academic Practice
Starting Research
 Question framing
 Research
 Creative
Question framing
 Problem definition.
 Idea finding.
 Concept development.
 Production.
What do I have
 General Knowledge
 Documentation & Evaluation
 Examples
 Research of similar works
 Research of specific artists/designers
Library Guide
Where to look
Architecture 711-711.12; 711.2-711.9; 720-729
Arts in general 700; 709
Decorative arts, applied arts 688.2; 736; 738-740; 744-745.66; 745.7;
745.9-749
Graphic arts, drawing, design 741-743
Museums, collectors & collecting 069
Painting 745.67; 745.8; 750-759
Photography 770-773; 775; 777-779
Printing 760-769
Sculpture 730-735
Visual arts in general 701-708; 710; 776
AVA Academic Practice
Different approaches to research
 Archival research
 Old Newspapers and Historical records
 On-line archives/ public/ open source resources
 History records services of HK:
http://www.grs.gov.hk/ws/index.htm
 Visual Arts Research Model
 Artist / Artwork / Others
 Question / Interpret / Explain
AVA Academic Practice
Academic Practice
Citing and
Referencing
AVA Academic Practice
What is Citing
 Acknowledging the influences and
works you have used; written, verbal
and visual.
AVA Academic Practice
Each and every piece of work
will have….
 Bibliography -List all references at the end of your work
. Book/ website / image
1. Tony T.N. Hung. Handbook Avoiding Plagiarism (Language Centre, Hong
Kong Baptist University, 4th Revision, May 2008)
AVA Academic Practice
Learn how to cite and reference
 Please Use the links to learn the methods for
Chicgao and MLA systems
 http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~lib/support/citing_
sources.html
 http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationgu
ide.html
AVA Academic Practice
Academic Practice
Presentations
AVA Academic Practice
Presentations
 Presenting your learning, research and creativity
Please follow the link
 http://lorien.ncl.ac.uk/ming/dept/tips/present/pr
esent.htm
Academic Practice
Plagiarism
AVA Academic Practice
What is Plagiarism
Plagiarism: Plagiarism means taking
someone else’s words or ideas and
passing them off as your own.
http://net2.hkbu.edu.hk/~plagiar/module1.html
AVA Academic Practice
How to Avoid Plagiarism
 Always Cite and reference your influences and
sources
 Every piece work should have a bibliography
If in Doubt always cite!
AVA Academic Practice
TURNITIN
 Written work may be submitted through Turnitin
software
 http://buelearning.hkbu.edu.hk/mod/assignmen
t/type/turnitin/submissions.php?id=5442
AVA Academic Practice
More information on Plagiarism
Please visit both sites and read all documentation
1. http://www.hkbu.edu.hk/~lib/support/av
oid_plagiarism.html
2. http://buar.hkbu.edu.hk/index.php/curr
ent_students_and_alumni/academic_gu
idelines/avoiding_plagiarism
AVA Academic Practice
Art Law
Copyright
Art Law
 Copyright and property
Blindfold - represents objectivity
Scales -measures the arguments
Double-edged sword - symbolizing
the power of Reason and Justice
Copy or Transformative?
Left: A photo by Patrick Cariou / Right: One of Richard Prince's “Canal Zone” collages
Copyright and Property
Knowledge is considered the key to human
development
 Two major international copyright
conventions in operation
– Berne Convention that dates originally from 1886,
and
– the Universal Copyright Convention, dating from
1952 - revised in 1971
Knowledge is considered the key to human
development
Intellectual property rights (IPRs)
‘Intellectual property (IP) refers to creations of the mind: inventions,
literary and artistic works, and symbols, names, images, and designs
used in commerce.’
World Interllectual Property Organisation
http://www.wipo.int
Copyright and Property
 Intellectual property rights (IPRs)
 The first English copyright act (1710)
 Berne Convention originally from 1886
 Universal copyright conventions dating from
1952 - revised in 1971
Intellectual Property
Copyright:
Industrial Property:
 protects original works.
 Patents protect inventions.
 Related Rights:
 Industrial Designs protect
 protect the performances,
original recordings and
broadcasts of works.
the designs of the
products
 Trademark protect
distinctive signs
The Berne Convention
 is administered by the World Intellectual
Property Organization (WIPO)
 WIPO also has two copyright treaties
- the WIPO Copyright Treaty (WCT)
- the WIPO Performances and
Phonograms Treaty (WPPT)
 Many developing countries, have signed
both treaties, the countries of the
European Union have not yet done so…..
Copyright protects the way in
which ideas are expressed.
Copyright does NOT protect ideas or mere
facts.
 Copyright protection is automatic. The instant
you draw a picture or write a poem your works
are protected by copyright.
Obtaining or Protecting
 Original creation is the Intellectual
Property of the originator
 It is not about Obtaining but
Protecting….
Originality
 originality is the only condition that a work must
meet in order to be protected by copyright. This
means that a work cannot simply be a copy of
another work.
 works are protected by copyright regardless of
their quality. A child’s finger-painting has as much
copyright protection as a famous painter’s
masterpiece.
Copyright protects the way in
which ideas are expressed.
 Written works – books, speeches, magazine and newspaper articles,
novels, stories, poems, essays, plays, text books, web pages,
advertisements, and dance notations.
 Musical works – musical compositions, lyrics, songs and ring tones, in
all types of formats (sheet music, CDs, MP3 files, etc).
 Artistic works – drawings, paintings, photographs, comics, sculptures,
architectural works, and maps.
 Dramatic and choreographic works – plays, operas and dance.
 Films and multimedia products – movies, video games, TV programs,
and cartoons.
 Computer programs – human (source code) and machine (object code)
computer programming language.
How Long does copy right
last?
General Rules
Artistic, Literary, Dramatic works lasts for 70 years after the year of
a known author's death. For unknown authors it expires 70 years
from the end of the calendar year in which the work was first made
available to the public.
Sound Recording, Broadcasts, Cable Programmes and Computer
Generated Works lasts for 50 years from the end of the year they
were made, released or first broadcast
USA - For an anonymous work, a pseudonymous work, or a work made
for hire, the copyright endures for a term of 95 years from the year of its
first publication or a term of 120 years from the year of its creation,
whichever expires first.
Fair Use…Allowed
The Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows individuals to copy a
certain amount of copyright materials, through the 'fair dealing' exception, for
specific purposes.
 No more than 5% of a book or one article from any
one journal issue may be copied. This limit also
applies to saving/printing from e-books and ejournals.
 Copying for instructional use is permitted provided
that it is done by the lecturer or student and not by
any reprographic methods (e.g. photocopier, fax
etc).
 Copying for examination purposes is allowed by
reprography, provided that it is not a musical work.
Fair Use…Restricted
 Fair dealing does not apply to films, sound
recordings or broadcasts.
 Copying for instructional use is permitted
provided that it is done by the lecturer or student
and not by any reprographic methods (e.g.
photocopier, fax etc).
 Copying for examination purposes is not allowed
for musical work.
 'Fair Dealing' does not cover the creation of
multiple copies for teaching purposes.
Fair Use…Restricted
In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular
case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include –
Factor 1 Purpose and Character of Use
Factor 2 Nature of Copyrighted Work
Factor 3 Relative Amount
Factor 4 Effect upon Potential Market
http://www.benedict.com/info/FairUse/Visualizer/Visu
alizer.aspx
The Internet…. Without infringing
copyright, the public has a right to expect:
 To read, listen to, or view publicly marketed copyrighted
material privately, on site or remotely;
 To browse through publicly marketed copyrighted
material;
 To experiment with variations of copyrighted material for
fair use purposes, while preserving the integrity of the
original;
 To make or have made for them a first generation copy
for personal use of an article or other small part of a
publicly marketed copyrighted work or a work in a library's
collection for such purpose as study, scholarship, or
research; and
 To make transitory copies if ephemeral or incidental to a
lawful use and if retained only temporarily.
4 possible outcomes
① Prince Wins – Canal Zone declared fair use.
② Assessing all 21 works individually– some may
pass fair use some may not. Those that don’t will
be subject to damages.
③ Ruling sent to a Jury - ????
④ Re assessed by the courts
Some Thoughts …
 eroding the fair use concept, which sought to strike a
balance between economic and moral interests of IP
owners and protection of public goods
 Being used to tighten control of the world’s knowledge to
the advantage of the industrialized world
 Lock up indigenous knowledge
 undermine flexibility to access knowledge and to develop
technological skills;
 Contractual law could override IP laws which allow access
to information;
Copyright
 The correct form for a notice:
Copyright [dates] by [author/owner]
Or
© [dates] by [author/owner]
Last Word….
 In doubt – Don’t…..
 You need to establish fair use or seek the owners
permission to copy.
Glossary: Basic research terminology

Abstract - A summary of a longer text, usually of an academic article.

Bias - To influence somebody or something unfairly, for example by using ‘leading
questions’ in an interview.


Bibliography- A list of books and articles consulted, appearing at the end of a text.
Case study- An investigation into a particular individual or group used as a basis for drawing
conclusions in similar situations.

Cue cards- Small cards used as prompts during a presentation.

Data- Information, in numerical or other formats, that can form the basis for analysis.

Database- systematically arranged collection of computer data, such as abstracts of
journal articles, structured so that it can be automatically searched.

Essay- A short, structured, analytical piece of writing dealing with a specific topic.

Essay plan- An outline structure for an essay, including key aims, approaches and sources.

Ethics - A system of moral principles governing the appropriate conduct for a person or
group.

Fieldwork - The observation of groups of people in their everyday surroundings.

Hypothesis - An untested assertion about the relationship between two or more concepts.

Information Search - The identification, recording and evaluation of information sources
based on a particular subject.

Informed consent - Agreement by an individual to take part in research after being
informed of and having understood the processes involved.

Interview - A method of collecting data from a subject by asking questions in a face-to face situation.

Journal - A magazine or periodical, especially one published by a specialist or professional
body for its members, containing information and contributions relevant to their area of
activity. e.g. Fashion Theory.

Keywords - A word used in order to search for further information, for example using a
library catalogue or the Internet.

Mind maps - A mind map is a visual method of representing words, ideas, tasks, or other
items linked to and arranged around a central key word or idea.

Object Analysis - A short analytical piece of writing based on a specific object.

Observation - The scrutiny and recording of action in natural settings.

Presentation - A formal talk made to a group of people, based on a particular topic, usually
with visual aids.

Primary sources - First-hand research, that came into existence during the period of study.

Qualitative research - Research involving description and interpretation rather than
statistics.

Quantitative research - Research based on measurable or numeric data.

Questionnaire - A carefully-designed set of questions used to gather data.

Reference - A note within a text, referring to another source of information.

Report - A document that gives factual information about an investigation or a piece of
research.

Sample - A group selected from a larger population so that statements can be made
about the population as a whole.

Secondary sources - Second-hand research that has been created after the period of
study.

Structured list - A way of taking notes using sub-headings, bulleted lists and highlighted
key words.

Survey - To carry out a statistical study of a sample population by asking questions about
various aspects of people's lives.

Time-management - Strategies such as breaking down a major project into smaller, timetabled tasks, in order to complete the project on time.

Visual aids - An item that is used as a complement to a presentation, e.g. an image,
model or chart.