Transcript 1-1-2: situation et perspectives

Emergency communications for European
citizens
From Accidents to Disasters
Olivier PAUL-MORANDINI
Founder – President
European Emergency Number Association - EENA
15 May 2007
15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM 2007)
Contents
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Introduction
Citizens calling emergency services
Communication btw emergency services
Warning and alerting Citizens
Conclusions
Introduction
Two words about Europeans
• Europeans travel for leisure and business
– 100 million Europeans cross the intra EU
borders every year
• 65% feel less protected when abroad
– They ignore risks and language
– They think that emergency services are less
well organised,
–…
Emergency telecommunications
Emergency services
Authorities
Special Networks
112
Citizens
Sirens,
Radio, TV,
GSMs
Citizens calling emergency services
Single European Emergency call number 112
112 Statistics
2/3 of Europeans are unaware of the 112 !
CGALIES, 80-100 million
Emergency calls
40 million from GSM
3,5 million bad caller location
information
 loss of time
2,5 without caller location
information
 no help sent
DECO en 2003…in Portugal
1000 calls to the 112 evaluated
– 15% Spanish and Portuguese
– 20% French
– 29% English
Never got help
– 5 000 more lives could be saved
every year in the EU
– 5 000 000 000€ saved by
emergency services
Between 15% et 30% of emergency calls are handled
inappropriately or not at all !
112 service chain
• Knowledge of the 112
– Campaigns, One number
• Possibility to launch a call
– Network availability, Disabled users
• The call is answered
– Call center organisation, Multilingualism
• The call is handled
– Τraining of operators, Standards
• Help is on its way
– Available ressources, Caller localisation
• Help arrives
– Minimal response time standard
• Caller is taken care of
– Quality criteria and standards
112 legal obligations
• Universal Service Directive 2002/22 (art. 6, 7, 26)
– Directive 2002/58 – Privacy (art. 9, 10)
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Availability in parallel with national numbers
Free of charge
Calls appropriately answered and handled
Localisation data (in transparent way)
Adequate information about existence and use
112 - Current situation
• EENA petitioned the European Parliament
• European Commission more active
– Conference in October 2005 - 112 is a priority
– Eurobarometer
– 13 infringements, e-call …
• ETSI EMTEL Working Group …
Compare with USA
• Hillary Clinton – ENHANCE 911 act (2004)
Communication between emergency services
Overview
• Analog vs. Digital
• Spectrum bands
– Narrowband, wideband, broadband
– Citizens’ Band, Amateurs
• Technologies
– TETRA, TETRAPOL (380-395 MHz)
– GSM (800-900, 1800 MHz)
• GSM/BOSS, Germany, Vodaphone
• StateWide Network, New York State, M/A-COM Inc.
– Wi-Fi (2,4 – 5 GHz)
• Several Research Projects in Europe
• Citywide Mobile Wireless Network, New York City, Northrop
Grumman
• Terrestrial vs. Satellite systems
Interesting on-going projects
• MESA
ETSI and TIA
• U-2010 project
Ubiquitous IP-centric Government & Enterprise NGN Vision 2010
• ORCHESTRA
Open Architecture and Spatial Data Infrastructure for Risk Management
• WIDENS
Wireless Deployable Network System
• WIN
Wide Information Network
• DeHiGate
Deployable High Capacity Gateway for Emergency Services
Interoperability
• Lesson learnt from 11/9 and 7/7
– Communications within and between the
emergency services did not stand up on 7 July …
(London Assembly report on 7/7/2005 attacks)
• European Security Research Programme
• Common Emergency Communication and
Information System (CECIS)
– Community Mechanism for Civil Protection
Warning and alerting citizens
Urgent needs
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Traffic contol and road accidents
Approaching chemical or nuclear cloud
Threat of terrorist attacks
Upcoming extreme weather conditions
Tsunamis
…
Available technologies
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RDS (Radio Data System)
Interconnected radio and TV stations
Mobile telephones
Sirens (audible signals)
Bells
But no general, global solution in the EU !
Legal obligations
• Safety and health signs at work (Directive 92/58/EEC)
– Continuous acoustic signal for evacuation
– Regular checks
• Seveso installations (Directive 96/82/EC)
– Organisation of alert and intervention
– Early warning, alert and information of the public
• Radiological Emergencies (Directive 89/618/Euratom)
– Alert and information of the public
– Aplies to transport
• Authorisation Directive (2002/20/EC)
– Use of networks during disasters for broadcasts to the public
• Transport of dangerous goods
– Safety in tunnels
Current situation
• Extremelly fragmented
• Cell Broadcast (group SMSs) (ETSI mandate)
• CHORIST project
– Alerts from heterogeneous sensors / multiple agencies to citizens
• Some work at UN level
– Conferences on Early Warning Systems for the
Reduction of Natural Disasters and reports
• Legal obligation for warning & alert in upgrading of
Civil Protection Mechanism (under discussion)
Conclusions
Europe behind the US
• US - Proposed «Federal Interoperable Communications
and Safety (FICS) Act» (Hillary Clinton, May 25, 2006).
– Undersecretary for Emergency Communications and Office of
Emergency Communications
– National Emergency Communications Strategy
– State-wide Interoperable Communications Plans
– National assessment of the nation’s interoperability capabilities
– Emergency Preparedness Centre
– National Alert System
• EU - European Public Safety Communication (PSC) Forum
(relatively small project)
Towards a more Citizen-centered
approach ?
• The response demonstrated a lack of
consideration of the individuals …
• Procedures … focus too much on incidents,
rather than on individuals and on processes
rather than people. …
• Plans tend to cater for the needs of the
emergency … services, rather than explicitly
addressing the needs and priorities of the people
involved.
– (London Assembly report on 7/7/2005 attacks)
EENA believes that …
• Knowledge of the 112 is a fundamental citizens’
right
• Citizens calling the 112 should get the appropriate
help, as soon as possible, at the place of the
emergency
• Citizens are entitled to the same high quality safety
and security standards and should receive the same
high quality aftercare in case of accident or disaster
• Citizens in a disaster prone area have the
fundamental right to be warned and informed in
order to ensure their auto-protection
What is the EENA
• Non-profit association established in Belgium.
• Works to promote the knowledge & efficient
use of the 112, in Europe
– by acting as a discussion platform bringing
together all the actors (organizations, emergency
services, enterprises and individuals) involved
• Is also active in the field of early warning of
citizens in disaster prone areas
Thank you !
Contact the EENA
• Web:
• E-mail:
• Post:
www.eena.org
[email protected]
EENA
262 Avenue Louise,
B-1050 Brussels
BELGIUM