Transcript Urbanization & Social Reforms in the Gilded Age
We will: Understand urbanization Identify the underlying beliefs of Social Reformers of this era
Today: left side of the Democratic Party 3
Movement from 1890-1920 Wanted progress towards better conditions in government and society A more humane and fair society 4
City Suburb Small town Rural area
In America TODAY: What are the benefits of cities?
What are the drawbacks of cities?
Use the charts to examine urbanization in America Answer the questions, citing specific documents
1. WHEN DID URBANIZATION HAPPEN?
CONCLUSION CITE DOC EVIDENCE Urbanization primarily took place between _______ and _________. As Document ____ shows, in 1880, only ____________ state(s) had more than ____% of their population(s) living in cities. By 1920, however, _____________ state(s) had over ___% of their populations living in cities.
Between 1880 and 1920, 11 million Americans moved to the cities › Most from farms › › New immigrants African-Americans began to migrate to cities
Expanded outwards › First suburbs › Subways & trains make this possible Cities grew upwards Buildings taller and taller
Jobs Strong communities › Particularly for immigrant groups Specialized labor
What is a social problem/challenge that exists in the world today?
How were you made aware of it?
Slums Tenements › Low-cost apartment buildings designed to house as many families as possible
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Poverty Crime › Organized gangs gained power during this time as a result of urbanization Disease › Cholera and typhoid › In one NYC tenement, 6 out of 10 babies died before the age of one
In the 1880s and 1890s, urban charities began to try to apply religious beliefs directly to society Philosophy based on Christian ideas of charity & justice Aimed to improve living conditions for poor in cities.
YMCA Bible study prayer meetings “citizenship” classes fitness Salvation Army Aid for the urban poor Religious counseling 18
Jane Addams and Hull House Community centers that offered a range of social services › Classes › › › Child-care centers Playgrounds Help finding jobs
What were the underlying beliefs of the Social Gospel movement?
Describe the document What are the underlying beliefs of the Social Gospel movement? Document A: Dance Halls Document B: Americanizing Forces Document C: Jacob Riis
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Immigrants were taught: English language American culture & U.S. history —> citizenship/assimilation 21
Many Progressives believed in eugenics HUGE failure of Progressive reformers: to address disenfranchisement and increasing racial violence in the South 22
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Jacob Riis – Journalist who wrote about and photographed poverty in NYC’s slums in the 1880s “How the Other Half Lives” - 1890
Could take detailed photos Subjects had to be still for several minutes
Jacob A. Riis
A Growler Gang in Session (Robbing a Lush)
1887
Jacob A. Riis, Street Arabs in Sleeping Quarters, circa 1880s
Clip: 28:52-31:32
1. Does the fact that these photographs are posed take away some of their trustworthiness about how poor, urban Americans lived?
2. What do you think Riis wanted to communicate to his audience?
3. What might these photographs tell you about the middle class Americans who bought Riis’ books and attended his lectures? What did his audience believe about children? About photographs?
4. What information do these photos give you about urban life in the Gilded Age?
Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle 1906 exposes health violations & unsanitary practice of American meatpacking industry 34
• • Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) • First law regulating food and drugs • Labels must be accurate
Meat Inspection Act (1906)
• Dept. of Agriculture responsible for conducting inspections of factories • Designed to protect American consumer 35
Who were the Progressives? What did they believe, and what was their impact on U.S. society in the early 20th century?
Use at least two pieces of evidence from lecture & document analysis.
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