Transcript Slide 1
Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart A General 135.4 Flight Crew Experience • Pilot in Command – Minimum of 1,500 hours – ATP and applicable type ratings • Second in Command – Minimum of 500 hours – Commercial pilot and instrument ratings 135.21 Manual Requirements • Certificate holder will maintain a current copy and must be used by – Flight personnel – Ground personnel – Maintenance personnel • One copy at principal base of operations 135.23 Manual Contents • Will have date of last revision on each page • Manual will include following procedures: – Comply with accident notification requirements – Ensuring PIC knows required airworthiness inspections have been made – Reporting/recording mechanical irregularities – Refueling aircraft and protecting passengers during refueling – Approved aircraft inspection program – Evacuation of persons who may need assistance Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart B Flight Operations .63 Recordkeeping Requirements • Kept at principal business office: – – – – – Operating certificate Operations specifications Current list of aircraft use or available Individual record of each pilot Individual record of each flight attendant .63 Recordkeeping Requirements • Pilot record – – – – – – – – – Full name Pilot certificate and ratings Aeronautical experience Current duties/date of assignment of duties Medical certificate effective date Results of each initial/recurrent checks Flight time experience Pilot’s check pilots authorization Any action taken concerning pilot’s release from employment • Physical • Professional – Dates of initial/recurrent phase training .63 Recordkeeping Requirements • Load manifest – – – – – – – – Number of passengers Total weight of loaded aircraft Max allowable takeoff weight for that flight Center of gravity (CG) limits CG of loaded aircraft Registration number of aircraft or flight number Origin and destination ID of crew members and position assignments • Copies of completed load manifests kept for 30 days at its principal operations base or another location used by it and approved by Administrator 135.65 Mechanical Irregularities • PIC will enter irregularities that come to his attention during flight time. • Before each flight, PIC will determine status of each irregularity in maintenance log from preceding flight. 135.77 Operational Control • Manual shall have name and title of each person authorized to exercise operational control 135.85 Carriage of Persons • Following may be carried aboard an aircraft without complying with passenger-carrying requirements – Crewmember/other employee of certificate holder – Person necessary for safe handling of animals – Person necessary for safe handling of hazardous materials – Person performing duty as security or honor guard accompanying shipment of the U.S. government – Military courier/military route supervisor carried by military cargo contract 135.85 Carriage of Persons – Authorized representative of Administrator conducting an en route inspection – Person authorized by Administrator who is performing duty connected with a cargo operation – DoD commercial air carrier evaluator conducting en route evaluation 135.87 Carriage of Cargo • No person may carry cargo, including carryon baggage, in or on any aircraft unless – Carried in approved cargo rack, bin, or compartment installed in or on the aircraft – Secured by approved means – Carried: • Properly secured by safety belt or tie-down to prevent movement during air turbulence. • Packaged or covered to avoid possible injury to pax • Does not exceed load limits for seats/floors • Not carried directly above passengers 135.89 Pilot oxygen Requirements • Pressurized aircraft – Whenever cabin altitude pressure is more than 10,000 feet MSL, pilots will use oxygen continuously if: • Altitude is between 10,000 and 12,000 feet and duration is more than 30 minutes • Above 12,000 feet MSL – 25,000 feet through 35,000 feet MSL • Each pilot has an approved quick-donning oxygen mask, if not this then – One pilot wears oxygen mask supplies oxygen at all times or – Automatically supplies oxygen when cabin pressure altitude exceeds 12,000 MSL – Above 35,000 feet MSL • One pilot shall wear oxygen mask 135.91 Oxygen for medical use • Oxygen equipment – Appropriately secured – Free of flammable contaminants on exterior surfaces – PIC must be advised equipment is on board and when intended for use – Must stowed and not restrict access to or use of any required emergency equipment or emergency exit – Only person trained in use of medical oxygen equipment may connect or disconnect • Altitude is between 10,000 and 12,000 feet and duration is more than 30 minutes • Above 12,000 feet MSL 135.93 Autopilot: Min Altitudes • May not use when – Above the terrain which is less than 500 feet or less than twice max altitude loss specified in aircraft manual – Other than ILS • Less than 50 feet below approved MDA for that procedure • Less than twice max loss specified – ILS: may not use autopilot with an approach coupler • Less than 50 feet above the terrain • Max altitude loss in manual equivalent for the malfunction of the autopilot with approach coupler 135.99 Composition of Crew • Must have second in command when – Aircraft has passenger seating configuration, excluding any pilot seat, of ten seats or more 135.100 Flight Crew Duties • Critical phases of flight. No duties except those required for safe flight – All ground operations involving • Taxi • Takeoff • Landing – Flight operations conducted below 10,000 feet, except cruise altitude 135.101 SIC under IFR • Must have second in command when – Carrying passengers under IFR 135.105 SIC Exception • May have an operative approved autopilot system – Autopilot capable of operating aircraft controls to maintain flight and maneuver about the three axes – Operations of autopilot can be conducted safely 135.107 Flight Attendant Requirement • Required if • Aircraft passenger seating configuration of more than 19 • Does not include any pilot seat 135.117 Passenger Briefing • Orally briefed on – – – – – – – – Smoking is prohibited Use of safety belts Placement of seat backs Location and means for opening passenger entry door and emergency exits Location of survival equipment Extended overwater operation, ditching procedures and flotation equipment Normal/emergency oxygen use above 12,000 ft Location/operation of fire extinguishers 135.119 Carriage of Weapons • Deadly/dangerous weapon prohibited unless authorized to carry arms – Officials/Employees • State • United States – Crewmembers – Other persons authorized 135.120 Crewmember Interference No person may assault, threaten, intimidate, or interfere with a crewmember 135.121 Alcoholic Beverages • No person may drink alcoholic beverage unless served by certificate holder • Certificate holder may not serve anyone appearing intoxicated • Certificate holder may not allow anyone aboard who appears intoxicated Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart D VFR/IFR Operating Limitations and Weather Requirements 135.203 VFR: Min Altitudes • No person may operate under VFR – Day • Below 500 above surface or less than 500 feet horizontally from any obstacle – Night • Less than 1,000 feet above highest obstacle within horizontal distance of 5 NM from intended course • Mountainous terrain – less than 2,000 feet above highest obstacle 135.205 VFR: Visibility • No person may operate under VFR – Uncontrolled airspace • Ceiling less than 1,000 feet unless flight visibility is at least 2 miles – Class G airspace at 1,200 feet or less above surface unless visibility is • Day – ½ mile • Night – 1 mile 135.209 VFR: Fuel Supply • Consider wind/forecast weather conditions – Enough to fly to first point of intended landing • Day – fly after that for at least 30 minutes • Night – fly after that for at least 45 minutes 135.217 IFR: Takeoff Limitations • No person may takeoff an aircraft under IFR from an airport where weather conditions are at or above takeoff minimums, but are below authorized IFR landing minimums unless – An alternate airport within 1 hour’s flying time (normal cruise) of departure airport 135.219 IFR: Destination WX Minimums • Weather conditions at ETA at the next airport of intended landing will be at or above authorized IFR landing minimums 135.221 IFR: Alternate WX Minimums • Weather conditions will be at or above authorized alternate airport landing minimums at the ETA 135.223 IFR: Alternate Airport • Complete flight to first point of intended landing • Fly from that airport to the alternate airport – Does not apply if • Ceiling will be at least 1,500 feet above the lowest circling approach MDA • Ceiling at least 1,500 feet above lowest published minimum or 2,000 feet above the airport elevation, whichever is higher • Visibility – At least 3 miles or 2 miles more than lowest visibility minimums, whichever is greater • Fly after that for 45 minutes at normal cruising speed 135.225 IFR: Takeoff Minimums • No pilot may takeoff – Under IFR when the visibility is less than 1 mile – Unless wind direction and velocity at the time of takeoff are such that a straight-in instrument approach can be made to the runway served by the instrument approach • No pilot may – Make an instrument approach when the visibility is less than ½ mile – Initiate an instrument approach unless weather conditions are at or above authorized IFR landing minimums for that procedure Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart E Flight Crewmember Requirements 135.243 PIC Requirements • Aircraft having passenger seat configuration of 10 seats or more – PIC holds an ATP certificate • Under VFR conditions, PIC has – At least commercial pilot certificate – At least 500 hours as pilot • Including 100 hours cross-country flight time • At least 25 hours at night 135.243 PIC Requirements • Under IFR conditions, PIC has – At least commercial pilot certificate – At least 1,200 hours as pilot • Including 500 hours cross-country flight time • At least 100 hours at night • 75 hours actual or simulated instrument – At least 50 hours actual flight – Hold an instrument rating or an ATP 135.244 Operating Experience • PIC must have – Single engine – 10 hours – Multiengine (reciprocating)– 15 hours – Multiengine (Turbine)– 20 hours – Multiengine (Turbojet powered)– 25 hours 135.247 PIC Recent Experience • PIC must have within preceding 90 days – 3 takeoffs and 3 landings as the sole manipulator – 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise made 3 takeoffs and 3 landings – Hold at least a commercial certificate • Logged at least 1,500 hours as a pilot • Accomplish/log at least 15 hours of flight time • 3 takeoffs and 3 landings to a full stop Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart F Crewmember Flight Time and Duty Period Limitations 135.263 Rest Requirements • No duty during any required rest period • Time spent in transportation is not considered part of a rest period 135.265 Limitations • Total flight time will not exceed – – – – 1,200 hours in any calendar year 120 hours in any calendar month 34 hours in any 7 consecutive days 8 hours during any 24 consecutive hours for a flight crew consisting of 1 pilot – 8 hours between required rest periods for a flight crew consisting of 2 pilots 135.267 Limitations • Unscheduled one- and two- pilot crews – 500 hours in any calendar quarter – 800 hours in any two consecutive calendar quarters – 1,400 hours in any calendar year 135.269 Limitations • Unscheduled three- and four- pilot crews – 500 hours in any calendar quarter – 800 hours in any two consecutive calendar quarters – 1,400 hours in any calendar year 135.273 Duty period limitations • Calendar day – Period of elapsed time that begins at midnight and ends 24 hours later at the next midnight • Duty period – Elapsed time between reporting for an assignment involving flight time and release from that assignment • Rest period – Period free of all responsibility for work or duty should the occasion arise Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart G Crewmember Testing Requirements 135.293 Pilot Testing • Beginning 12th calendar month before that service – Pilot passed written and oral exam in areas: • Parts 61, 91, and 135 and operations specifications and manual • Aircraft powerplant, major components & systems, performance & ops limitations, emergency procedures • Compliance with weight and balance limitations • Navigation/use of navigation aids • Air traffic control procedures • Meteorology • New equipment procedures • Recognizing/avoiding severe weather situations 135.295 Flight Attendant Testing • Beginning 12th calendar month before that service – Flight attendant is knowledgeable & competent: • Authority of pilot in command • Passenger handling • Crewmember assignments during ditching & evacuation • Briefing of passengers • Location/operation of emergency equipment • Proper use of cabin controls • Location/operation of passenger oxygen equipment • Location/operation of normal/emergency exits 135.297 PIC Check Requirements • Beginning 6th calendar month before that service – Pilot passed instrument proficiency check • Oral or written equipment test – – – – Questions on emergency procedures Engine operation, fuel & lubrication systems Power settings, stall speeds, engine-out speed Hydraulic, mechanical, and electrical systems • Flight check under simulated or actual IFR conditions – Navigation by instruments – Recovery from simulated emergencies – Standard instrument approaches involving navigational aids 135.297 PIC Check Requirements • Beginning 6th calendar month before that service – Precision approach • Demonstrate approach procedure in order to use precision instrument approach procedure under IFR – Non-precision approach • Demonstrate either that approach or any two different non-precision approach procedures – Procedures must include at least: • One straight-in approach • One circling approach • One missed approach 135.297 PIC Check Requirements • Instrument proficiency check must – Include procedures and maneuvers for an ATP certificate and – Include procedures and maneuvers for a commercial pilot certificate • Assigned to more than 1 type aircraft – Check required in each type – Assigned to both single-engine & multi-engine • Initially take check in multi-engine aircraft • Succeeding check alternately in single-engine and multi-engine • Portions may be given in a flight simulator 135.299 PIC Line Checks • Beginning 12th calendar month before that service – Passed flight check in one of types aircraft to fly • Given by approved check pilot or Administrator • At least one flight over one route segment • Include takeoffs and landings at one or more representative airports • For IFR operations, one flight shall be flown over a civil airway, approved off-airway, or a portion of either 135.301 Test Grace Provisions • If test or flight check is completed in calendar month before or after calendar month it is required – Considered to be completed in calendar month it was required • Pilot fails any required maneuvers – Check pilot may give additional training during check – Pilot repeats failed maneuvers, and other maneuvers necessary to determine proficiency – Failure means pilot cannot fly Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart H Training 135.321 Terms • Initial Training – Required for crewmembers who have not qualified and served in the same capacity in the aircraft • Transition Training – Required for crewmembers who have qualified and served in the same capacity on another aircraft • Upgrade Training – Required for crewmembers who have qualified and served as second in command before they serve as pilot in command 135.321 Terms • Differences Training – Required for crewmembers who qualified and served on particular type aircraft before serving same capacity on particular version of aircraft • Recurrent Training – Required for crewmembers to remain adequately trained and currently proficient for each aircraft • Requalification Training – Required for crewmembers previously trained and qualified, but become unqualified due to • Recurrent pilot testing • Instrument proficiency check requirements • Line 135.327 Training Program • Includes ground and flight training – List of principal ground training subjects, including emergency training subjects – List of all training devices, mockups, system trainers, procedures trainers, or other training aids 135.331 Emergency Training • Must provide instruction in – Emergency assignments/procedures – Location, function, and operation of emergency equipment – Emergency situations • • • • • Rapid decompression Fire in flight or on surface Ditching and evacuation Illness, injury, or other abnormal situation with pax Hijacking – Review of previous accidents and incidents 135.331 Emergency Training • Must provide instruction in – Perform emergency drills • • • • • • Ditching Emergency evacuation Fire extinguisher and smoke control Operation and use of emergency exits Use of crew and passenger oxygen Removal of life rafts from aircraft, inflation, use of life lines and boarding • Donning and inflation of life vests 135.331 Emergency Training • Must provide instruction in – Crewmember operations above 25,000 feet • Respiration • Hypoxia • Duration of consciousness without supplemental oxygen at altitude • Gas expansion • Gas bubble formation • Physical phenomena and incidents of decompression 135.351 Recurrent Training • Must provide instruction in – Quiz/review to determine knowledge of aircraft and crewmember position involved – Instruction required by initial ground training and emergency training – Flight training in maneuvers or procedures of this part – Satisfactory completion of check required within preceding 12 calendar months may be substituted for recurrent flight training Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart J Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alterations 135.411 Applicability • Type certificated for: – Passenger seating configuration of 9 seats or less • Maintained under parts: – 91 – 43 – 135.415, 417, 421, 422 – Passenger seating configuration of 10 seats or more • Maintained under parts: – 135.415, 417, 423, 443 – Single-engine aircraft in passenger-carrying IFR operations • 135.421 )c)(d)(e) 135.413 Airworthiness Responsibility • Certificate holder responsible for airworthiness: – Aircraft • Airframes • Engines • Appliances • Parts – Performance of maintenance or – Make arrangements for another to perform 135.415 Service Difficulty Reports – See Website 135.417 Mechanical Interruption Report • Before 10th day of following month: – Summary report of occurrences in multiengine aircraft (not reported under 135.415) – Known or suspected mechanical difficulties or malfunctions • Interruption to flight • Unscheduled change of aircraft en route • Unscheduled stop or diversion from route • Caused by known or suspected mechanical 135.419 Approved Aircraft Inspection Program • Part 91 not adequate – Amend certificate to require/allow allowed aircraft inspection program – Submit program to Administrator – Within 30 days of amendment • Submit program for approval • Instructions/procedures for inspections – Detailed parts and areas • Schedule for inspections • Instructions/procedures for recording discrepancies found – Correction/deferral of discrepancies • Program placed in manual (upon approval) 135.421 Additional Maintenance Requirements • Passenger seating configuration <9 – Comply with manufacturers recommended maintenance programs – Approved program by Administrator • Contained in maintenance manual 135.422 Aging Aircraft Inspection/Records Review • >24 years service on 8 Dec 2003 • >14 years <24 service on 8 Dec 2003 • <14 years on 8 Dec 2003 – Intervals not to exceed 7 years • Unforeseen schedule conflict – Administrator – extend up to 90 days • Notify Administrator at least 60 days before date records available for inspection and records review 135.422 Aging Aircraft Inspection/Records Review • Required information – – – – – – – Total years in service of airplane Total time in service of airframe Date of last inspection/records review Current status of life-limited part Time since last overhaul of structural parts Current inspection status Current status of applicable airworthiness directives – List of major structural alterations – Report of major structural repairs 135.425 Maintenance, Preventive Maintenance, and Alteration Program • Inspection program – Performed under certificate holder’s manual – Competent personnel, adequate facilities/equipment are provided – Aircraft released is airworthy and properly maintained 135.427 Manual Requirements • Maintenance/inspection programs – Outlined in manual – Programs required • • • • • • • • • Method of performing maintenance Items that must be inspected Method of performing required inspections Procedures for reinspection of work performed Procedures, standards, limits necessary for required inspections and acceptance Procedures to ensure required inspections are performed How to prevent person who performed work from inspecting How to prevent countermanding decision of inspector How to complete inspections that are interrupted 135.429 Required Inspection Personnel – Inspection personnel • • • • • • Certified Properly trained Qualified Authorized Under supervision and control of inspection unit Did not perform work to be inspected 135.431 Continuing Analysis – Maintain system of program • Performance • Effectiveness • Corrections of any deficiencies – Make changes as requested by Administrator 135.433 Training Program – Ensure each person is fully informed about • Procedures • Techniques • New equipment – Each person is competent 135.439 Maintenance Recording – All records necessary for airworthiness release • • • • • • Total time in service (airframe, engine, appliance) Current status of life-limited parts Time since last overhaul of each item installed Current inspection status (time since last inspection) Current status of applicable airworthiness directives List of current major alterations/repairs – Retention of records • Records of last complete overhaul until superseded by work of equivalent scope/detail • One year after work is performed or work is repeated or superseded by other work • Retained/transferred with aircraft at time of sale • Available for inspection – Administrator – NTSB 135.443 Airworthiness Release – After maintenance • Airworthiness release • Appropriate entry in aircraft maintenance log – Certification that • • • • • Work was performed in accordance with requirements Work was inspected by authorized person No known condition that makes aircraft unairworthy Aircraft is in condition for safe operation Signed by authorized certificated mechanic/repairman Part 135 Operating Requirements Commuter and On Demand Operations Subpart H Hazardous Materials Training Program 135.501 Hazardous Material • Must train job functions – – – – – – Acceptance Rejection Handling Storage incidental to transport Packaging of company material Loading • Training good for 24 months – FAA-approved initial or recurrent hazardous materials training program – New hire • Direct supervision of authorized person • Not more than 30 days after hire 135.507 HAZMAT Training Record • Must maintain for 3 years at designated location – – – – – – Name Most recent training completion date Description of training materials Storage incidental to transport Name/address of organization providing training Copy of certificate • New hire – – – – Date of hire or change in job function Name and assigned job function Supervisor name Date of expected training completion