Transcript Slide 1

GLAGOLI (VERBS)
Glagol je vrsta reči koja označava neku radnju,
stanje ili zbivanje:
 David goes to school every day.
 It is raining.
 The stars are bright.
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GRAĐENJE GLAGOLA
Prosti: cut, read, sit
 Složeni: fulfill, oversleep, undergo
 Izvedeni od drugih vrsta reči: shorten, moralize,
beautify
 Glagoli se grade pomocu sledecih prefiksa:
 1. be- stavlja se ispred imenica, prideva i
glagola: befriend, belittle
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2.de- stavlja se ispred glagola i imenica:
decode, depopulate
 3. dis- daje glagolu negativno znacenje:
disbelieve, dislike, disagree
 4. en-/em- stavljaju se ispred imenica, prideva i
glagola da obrazuju glagole: encourage,
encircle, embody, embed
 5. inter- dodaje se glagolima: interchange,
intermingle
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6. mis- daje glagolima negativno značenje:
misbehave, misapply, mismanage
 7. re- daje glagolima značenje ‘ponovo nešto
uraditi’: reappear, rebuild, rewrite
 8. un- daje glagolima suprotno značenje:
uncover, undress, unlock
 Sufiksi za izvođenje glagola su:
 1. –en, dodaje se pridevima i imenicama:
harden, lessen, shorten, frighten
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2. –fy, obično se dodaje rečima latinskog
porekla: satisfy, signify, beautify
 3. –ize, obično se dodaje rečima grčkog,
latinskog i francuskog porekla: apologize,
civilize, organize, sympathize
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OSOBINE GLAGOLA
Stanje (voice)
 Način (mood)
 Vreme (tense)
 Broj (number)
 Lice (person)
 Vid (aspect)
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Aktivno (active voice)
 Pasivno (passive voice)
 Ako je subjekat i vršilac radnje – aktivno stanje
 They sell bread in this shop.
 Ako subjekat trpi radnju – pasivno stanje
 Bread is sold in this shop.
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NAČIN (MOOD)
Indikativ ili pokazni (the indicative mood)
 Konjuktiv (the subjunctive mood)
 Imperativ ili zapovedni (the imperative mood)
 Indikativ – konstatuju se činjenice ili postavljaju
pitanja o realnim sadašnjim, prošlim i budućim
radnjama:
 I agree with you.
 They arrived last night
 Will you come early?
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Konjuktiv – iskazuje zamišljena stanja ili radnje
(želje, pretpostavke, sumnje, itd.)
 I wish I were with them.
 If I had time I should learn Chinese.
 Suppose she came late.
 Imperativ – iskazuje naredbe ili molbe:
 Turn off the TV.
 Help me, please.
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Glagolski oblik koji označava kada se nešto
dešava.
 Sadašnja vremena: Present Simple
/Continuous, Present Perfect Simple
/Continuous
 Prošla vremena: Past Simple / Continuous,
Past Perfect Simple / Continuous
 Buduća vremena: Future Simple /Continuous,
Future Perfect Simple / Continuous
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LICE I BROJ (PERSON & NUMBER)
Bezlični glagolski oblici (non-finite forms)
 Lični glagolski oblici (finite forms)
 Bezlični: infinitiv, particip i gerund.
 Nemaju lice i broj.
 Npr. to write, written i writing.
 Lični: slažu se sa subjektom u licu i broju:
 He is a teacher.
 They are teachers.
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Govori o trajanju radnje:
 Simple tenses: He went out and sat on the
grass.
 Continuous tenses: He was sitting on the grass
when I went out.
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GLAVNI I POMOĆNI GLAGOLI
(MAIN & AUXILLIARY VERBS)
Glavni glagoli – nosioci značenja radnje
 Pomoćni glagoli – za građenje raznih glagolskih
oblika
 Did you see the film last night?
 ‘see’ – main verb
 ‘did’ - auxilliary
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POMOĆNI I NEPOTPUNI GLAGOLI
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12 glagola koji služe kao pomoćni:
Be
Have
Do
Shall
Will
Can
May
Must
Ought
Need
Dare
Used
Samo be, have i do imaju sve oblike, a ostali
imaju jedan ili dva oblika:
 Shall (should)
 Will (would)
 Can (could)
 May (might)
 Need, ought, dare, used imaju samo 1 oblik.
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Neki od ovih glagola se ne upotrebljavaju uvek
kao pomoćni, nego mogu biti i glavni glagoli u
rečenici:
 I have three children.
 The book is on the shelf.
 I do all the housework.
 Do you need money?
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Kad se upotrebe kao pomoćni, svi navedeni
glagoli imaju neke zajedničke karakteristike:
 1. Građenje odričnih oblika: pomoću rečce ‘not’
 Do not (don’t); are not (aren’t); have not
(haven’t)
 2. Građenje upitnih oblika: inverzijom
 Is he here?
 Shall I open the window?
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3. Kratki odgovori (short answers): da bi se izbeglo
ponavljanje glavnog glagola
 Can you speak English? –Yes, I can.
 Who speaks English in this class? –I do.
 4. Kratka pitanja (question tags): ‘zar ne?’
 You have read this book, haven’t you?
 She won’t come tomorrow, will she?
 5. Isticanje u potvrdnim rečenicama: ‘zaista’
 He does work hard.
 I do like this warm weather.
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PODELA POMOĆNIH GLAGOLA
a) to be, to have, to do – imaju sve oblike;
 b) shall (should), will (would), can (could), may
(might), must, ought, need, dare, used –
nemaju sve oblike – nepotpuni glagoli
 Nepotpuni glagoli ne dobijaju nastavak ‘s’ u
trećem licu jednine prezenta. Iza njih ide
infinitiv bez ‘to’
 Shall do; will play; can swim, etc.
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GLAGOL TO BE
Može da bude:
 a) glagol punog značenja:
 There is only one apple on the tree.
 Where have you been?
 b) glagol nepotpunog značenja:
 He is a major.
 The roses in my garden are all red.
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Upotrebljava se kao pomoćni glagol da obrazuje:
 a) sa participom sadašnjim, trajna vremena:
 The girl was singing.
 We shall be seeing him tomorrow.
 b) sa participom prošlim, pasivna vremena:
 We were asked to go there.
 A new cinema is being built in our neighbourhood.
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Konstrukcija ‘to be + to + infinitiv’ upotrebljava
se:
 a) da pokaže da je nešto unapred ugovoreno ili
određeno, da nešto može ili treba da se dogodi,
da izrazi naredbu ili zabranu:
 They are to arrive by the nine o’clock train.
 The article is to appear in the Sunday issue.
 He was nowhere to be found.
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b) da pokaže da je nešto neizbežno ili
predodređeno:
 They were never to meet again. (Nije im bilo
suđeno da se ponovo sretnu)
 I was only to learn later about his departure.
(Sudbina je htela da tek kasnije saznam za
njegov odlazak.)
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GLAGOL TO HAVE (IMATI)
Potvrdni oblik
Upitni oblik
Odrični oblik
I have
Do I have?
I don’t have
You have
Do you have?
You don’t have
He/she/it has
Does he/she/it have?
He/she/it doesn’t have
We have
Do we have?
We don’t have
They have
Do they have?
They don’t have
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Glagol to have je takođe važan, jer ima značenje imati,
posedovati:
I have a dog.
They have a house.
He has a new car.
Važno!!! U trećem licu jednine (he/she/it) oblik glasi has.
Ovaj glagol se takođe javlja u kombinaciji s imenicama, i
tada menja svoje značenje:
Have breakfast/lunch/dinner
Have a shower/a bath
Have a good time
In the morning he has a shower, and then he has breakfast.
Have lessons
 Have trouble
 Have a look
 Have a pleasant journey
 Have a safe trip
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To have ima još jedan oblik, a to je have got.
Znači takođe “imati”, ali je drugačiji što se tiče
forme (upitni i odrični oblik). Have got ne može
da menja svoje značenje u kombinaciji s
drugim rečima: *He has got a shower ne znači
“on se tušira”, već “on ima tuš”.
 Međutim, I have a new car i I have got a new
car imaju isto značenje.
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Glagol to have kao pomoćni koristi se za
građenje Present Perfect Simple/Continuous i
Past Perfect Simple/Continuous:
 They haven’t arrived yet.
 I’ve been driving for hours now.
 When they arrived, he had already left.
 I had been studying whole day yesterday.
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HAVE TO - MORATI
Have to upotrebljava se u značenju ‘morati’obaveza koja proističe iz pravila
 Do you have to be in your office at seven?
 I have to write a seminar paper for next week.
 You have to turn left at the crossroads.
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CAUSATIVE ‘HAVE’
Have + obj + particip prošli – causative have
 Označava nešto što subjekat nije sam uradio,
nego je dao da se uradi.
 (U srpskom se ne označava uvek razlika između
onog što smo sami uradili i što smo dali da se
uradi.)
 We had our photographs taken.
 When did you have your hair cut?
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GLAGOL TO DO
Može da se upotrebi kao glavni glagol:
 What are you doing here?
 It won’t do you any harm.
 Do me a favour, will you?
 He is doing well.
 Kao pomoćni glagol upotrebljava se za Present
Simple (do/does) i Past Simple (did):
 Do you like travelling by plane?
 Did you go out to dinner last night?
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