Transcript Unit 2 – Chapter 9 11B Maslow

Unit 2 – Chapter 9
(Maslow and Mayo)
Page: 159-161
Elton Mayo best known for his ‘Hawthorne Effect’
Hawthorne Effect
1. Changes in working conditions and financial rewards have little or
no effect on productivity
2. When management consult with workers and take an interest in
their work, then motivation is improved.
3. Working in teams and developing a team spirit can improve
productivity
4. When some control over their own working lives is given to
workers, such as deciding when to take breaks, there is a positive
motivational effect
5. Groups can establish their own targets or norms and these can be
greatly influenced by the informal leaders of the group.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
A sense of self-fulfilment reached
by feeling enriched and developed
by what one has learned and
achieved
Self Actualization
Esteem Needs
Social Needs
Safety Needs
Physical needs
Limitation of Maslows Approach
• Not everyone has the same needs as is assumed by the hierarchy
• In Practice it can be very difficult to identify the degree to which each
need has been met and which level as worker is ‘on’.
• Money is necessary to satisfy physical needs, yet it might also play a
role in satisfying the other levels of needs, such as status and esteem.
• Self actualization is never permanently achieved. Jobs must
continually offer challenger and opportunities for fulfilment.
Activity 9.1
1. Examine the similarities and differences you consider exist between the
research findings of Mayo and those of Maslow
2. Discuss how the Hawthorne effect or Maslow’s hierarchy of human
needs could be used by the manager of a clothing factory to improve
motivation of workers.
Frederick Herzberg
• Job Satisfaction resulted from five main factors – achievement,
recognition for achievement, the work itself, responsibility and
advancement. He called these factors the ‘motivators’.
• Job dissatisfaction also resulted from five main factors – company
policy and administration, supervision, salary, relationships and other
working conditions. He termed these ‘hygiene factors’
Discuss in relation to a business