Transcript Document
Any system of formalized symbols, signs,
sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived
as a means of communicating thought and
emotion
Linguists agree that there are no existing
primitive languages, and all modern human
populations speak languages of comparable
complexity.
All humans possess similar linguistic abilities,
and no child is born with a biological
predisposition favoring any one language or
type of language
By the year 2050, it is predicted that 90
percent of the world’s 6,000 languages will be
dead or dying
Healthy languages are those that are passed
on to younger generations
Old English
› 450 - 1100
Middle English
› 1100 - 1500
Early Modern English
› 1500 – 1800
Late Modern English
› 1800 - present
› http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Suxn3gb
cF6A
Communicative
Arbitrary
Meaningfully
Structured
Multiply Structured
Productive
Dynamic
Types
Verbal
Nonverbal
A speech sound
considered without
reference to its status as a
phoneme or an allophone
in a language.
Phonemes-The smallest
phonetic unit in a
language that is capable
of conveying a distinction
in meaning, as the m of
mat and the b of bat in
English.
Phonemics-of or relating
to phonemes of a
particular language
Phonetics- the study of
the articulatory and
acoustic properties of the
sounds of human
language.
Video
The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a
language.
Computer Science.
The rules governing the
formation of statements in a
programming language.
A meaningful linguistic
unit consisting of a
word, such as man, or a
word element, such as ed in walked, that
cannot be divided into
smaller meaningful
parts.
The morphemes of a
language considered as
a group (or a
dictionary)
All the words of a
language
www.answers.com
Grade 1 Student = 1,000+ words
Normal Person (Graduate) = 5,000 to 6,000+ words
University Professor = 15,000+ words
Spelling Bee Winners = 30,000+ (as claimed by them)
College Dictionary (Abridged) = 50,000 - 70,000
Total Words in English Language = 250,000+
(Growing)
Dictionary (Un-abridged) with derivatives =
450,000+
Saussure
Skinner
Chomsky
Age
Receptive
Expressive
Birth-3months
Aware of sounds, recognize familiar
voice
Pleasure, pain, smiles, coos ,
differential cries
4-6 months
“NO”, responsive to changes in tone
“Vocal play”, speech like
babbling
7-12 months
Listens, responds to name and requests,
knows names of familiar objects
Speech or other sounds to get
attention, 1st words
1-2 yrs
Points out pictures, body parts, responds 2-word questions, more
to simple commands, questions. Repeat consonants are used
please
2-3 years
Understands 2 stage commands,
contrasting concepts (hot/cold)
Naming things, understood by
family members
3-4
Who? What? Where?
Longer sentences, tell stories
4-5
Hears and understands nearly
everything said TO them
Long detailed sentences,
stories, understood clearly
The study of language with
special concern for the
meanings of words and
other symbols.
http://www.cartoonstock.com/l
owres/cgr0149l.jpg
The study of the ability of
natural language speakers to
communicate more than
that which is explicitly
stated.
The ability to understand
another speaker's intended
meaning is called pragmatic
competence
Pragmatics is regarded as
one of the most challenging
aspects for language
learners to grasp, and can
only truly be learned with
experience.
Freudian Slip
Slip of the Tongue
Spoonerisms
(Bass Ackwards )
Tip of the Tongue
Malapropism
› What are you incinerating?..."
(i.e., insinuating) — Galton and
Simpson, Steptoe and Son
("Doodlebug over Shepherd's
Bush")
video
http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscart
oons/cartoonists/dpa/lowres/dpan107l.j
pg
Texting
E-mail
IM
Letters
Phones
Chat Rooms
Social Networking
Slang
Men
› Communicate
›
›
›
›
›
›
Information
Maintain Status
Talk about Future Action
Solve problems
Fear loss of
independence
Mean talk more overall,
but more in public
More activity, less
conversation
Women
› Talk to create and
›
›
›
›
›
support relationships
Talk for its own sake
Establish intimacy
Seek emotional support
through language
Women talk less, but
more at home
Less activity, more
conversation
www.answers.com
www.peace.saumag.edu/faculty/kardas
http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/t4/
advertorial/try-life-in-anotherlanguage/index.html