Transcript Document

Any system of formalized symbols, signs,
sounds, gestures, or the like used or conceived
as a means of communicating thought and
emotion
Linguists agree that there are no existing
primitive languages, and all modern human
populations speak languages of comparable
complexity.
 All humans possess similar linguistic abilities,
and no child is born with a biological
predisposition favoring any one language or
type of language
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By the year 2050, it is predicted that 90
percent of the world’s 6,000 languages will be
dead or dying
 Healthy languages are those that are passed
on to younger generations
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Old English
› 450 - 1100
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Middle English
› 1100 - 1500
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Early Modern English
› 1500 – 1800
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Late Modern English
› 1800 - present
› http://www.youtube.c
om/watch?v=Suxn3gb
cF6A
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Communicative
Arbitrary
Meaningfully
Structured
Multiply Structured
Productive
Dynamic
Types
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Verbal
Nonverbal
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A speech sound
considered without
reference to its status as a
phoneme or an allophone
in a language.
Phonemes-The smallest
phonetic unit in a
language that is capable
of conveying a distinction
in meaning, as the m of
mat and the b of bat in
English.
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Phonemics-of or relating
to phonemes of a
particular language
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Phonetics- the study of
the articulatory and
acoustic properties of the
sounds of human
language.
Video
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The pattern of formation of sentences or phrases in a
language.
Computer Science.
 The rules governing the
formation of statements in a
programming language.
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A meaningful linguistic
unit consisting of a
word, such as man, or a
word element, such as ed in walked, that
cannot be divided into
smaller meaningful
parts.
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The morphemes of a
language considered as
a group (or a
dictionary)
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All the words of a
language
www.answers.com
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Grade 1 Student = 1,000+ words
Normal Person (Graduate) = 5,000 to 6,000+ words
University Professor = 15,000+ words
Spelling Bee Winners = 30,000+ (as claimed by them)
College Dictionary (Abridged) = 50,000 - 70,000
Total Words in English Language = 250,000+
(Growing)
Dictionary (Un-abridged) with derivatives =
450,000+
Saussure
Skinner
Chomsky
Age
Receptive
Expressive
Birth-3months
Aware of sounds, recognize familiar
voice
Pleasure, pain, smiles, coos ,
differential cries
4-6 months
“NO”, responsive to changes in tone
“Vocal play”, speech like
babbling
7-12 months
Listens, responds to name and requests,
knows names of familiar objects
Speech or other sounds to get
attention, 1st words
1-2 yrs
Points out pictures, body parts, responds 2-word questions, more
to simple commands, questions. Repeat consonants are used
please
2-3 years
Understands 2 stage commands,
contrasting concepts (hot/cold)
Naming things, understood by
family members
3-4
Who? What? Where?
Longer sentences, tell stories
4-5
Hears and understands nearly
everything said TO them
Long detailed sentences,
stories, understood clearly
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The study of language with
special concern for the
meanings of words and
other symbols.
http://www.cartoonstock.com/l
owres/cgr0149l.jpg
The study of the ability of
natural language speakers to
communicate more than
that which is explicitly
stated.
 The ability to understand
another speaker's intended
meaning is called pragmatic
competence
 Pragmatics is regarded as
one of the most challenging
aspects for language
learners to grasp, and can
only truly be learned with
experience.
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Freudian Slip
 Slip of the Tongue
 Spoonerisms
(Bass Ackwards )
 Tip of the Tongue
 Malapropism
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› What are you incinerating?..."
(i.e., insinuating) — Galton and
Simpson, Steptoe and Son
("Doodlebug over Shepherd's
Bush")
video
http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscart
oons/cartoonists/dpa/lowres/dpan107l.j
pg
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Texting
E-mail
IM
Letters
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Phones
Chat Rooms
Social Networking
Slang
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Men
› Communicate
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Information
Maintain Status
Talk about Future Action
Solve problems
Fear loss of
independence
Mean talk more overall,
but more in public
More activity, less
conversation
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Women
› Talk to create and
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support relationships
Talk for its own sake
Establish intimacy
Seek emotional support
through language
Women talk less, but
more at home
Less activity, more
conversation
www.answers.com
 www.peace.saumag.edu/faculty/kardas
 http://www.channel4.com/entertainment/t4/
advertorial/try-life-in-anotherlanguage/index.html
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