Development and Energy in Africa (DEA) Regional Workshop, Arusha Tanzania 16 th – 18Tth October 2007 DEA Development and Energy in Africa

CASE STUDY OF THE IMPACTS OF MODERN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES PROJECTS FOR SMALL SCALE IRRIGATION SCHEMES By Oscar Lema October 2007

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Presentation Structure

Energy and MDG’S Energy Situation in Tanzania TaTEDO Energy Programmes/Projects Intervention Experiences About the Tanzania DEA case study Methodology used to test AF Assessment Framework Test Findings Conclusion & Recommendations 2

•

Overview of Energy and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

Energy improves the quality of peoples life by providing lighting, clean water and healthier methods 5) cooking ( MDG 3, 4, &

Cooking on improved Okoa fire wood stove (more than 300,000 stoves in use)

• Clean energy improves the environment and health usage by replacing dirty fuels or wood (MDG 5 & 7)

wick lamp

Energy and MDG’s cont… • Energy can be used to improve production resulting in income generation (MDG 1) • Finally, and perhaps most important, energy can be used to stimulate economic activity (MDG 1,3 & 8)

More than 15,000 improved stoves are produces and sold each month by each enterprise More that 1000 driers have being built year to date

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Energy situation in Tanzania.

The estimated total energy consumption is more than 22 million tones of oil equivalent (TOE) or 0.7 TOE per capita .

Energy consumption in rural areas accounts for about 85%. Biomass-based fuel accounts for more than 90% of primary energy supply. electricity 1% woodfuel 90% petroleum 8% others 1%

Fig: Total energy consumption in Tanzania

Energy situation in Tanzania cont….

•Human physical energy remains the

main source of energy for agriculture and transport activities for mostly women and children.

•Low quality fuels (biomass) used in

inefficient technologies causes in-door air pollution and contributes to land degradation.

•More than 90% of Tanzanians have no

access to grid electricity

•Only 2% of rural based Tanzanians

have access to electricity Rural transportation of firewood ( many hours are wasted) Traditional metal charcoal stove with low efficiency of 12 – 15%

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TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects

• A

sustainable modern energy development NGO with more than fourteen years experience in energy technologies development and related environmental conservation practices.

• Registered as a sustainable energy

development national NGO, a non profit sharing, membership organization professionals, institutions.

comprised enterprises, of CBOs, artisans, Individuals, farmers and Jatropha-biofuel plant – growing interest from farmers MFP can use Jatropha Oil – new opportunity for rural development

• Charged with the development and

promotion of sustainable energy technologies and services.

production kiln

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TaTEDO vision, mission and goals

Vision: Self –reliant and poverty free communities with access to sustainable modern energy services Mission: To advance popular use of sustainable modern energy technologies by marginalized communities in Tanzania. TaTEDO does this through technologies adaptation, awareness raising, capacity building and advocacy for increased access to sustainable energy services, poverty reduction, self-reliance and environmental conservation

New Solar PV companies are formed Post harvest losses are reduced

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Productive use of biomass energy technologies

TaTEDO Goals:

• To improve quality of life of the

Tanzanians by contributing to

– availability of improved and

sustainable energy services,

– Availability of employment and

income generating opportunities poverty reduction essential .

for

• To

reduce degradation fuels.

environmental resulting from increased use of wood and fossil

• Assist the country to reduce

dependence on imported energy.

Solar PV – local micro financing is necessary Self built improved mud stove life

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TaTEDO and Energy Intervention Projects

        

TaTEDO undertakes the following activities to achiever vision mission and goals: Promote access to modern energy services for meeting productive and consumptive energy needs in SMEs, social service centres and households, Undertake field implementation of sustainable energy programmes and projects.

Provide sustainable modern energy related consultancy services, Promote efficient and effective management of sustainable energy production and use environment, Develop networking and partnership with local, national and international organisations, Manage and disseminate energy information to primary, secondary and other stakeholders, Lobby and advocate in order to influence energy and environment related policies, strategies and legislations, Provide sustainable energy enterprises development services, and Conduct energy related applied researches.

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Tanzania Case study for DEA Project

Case study title: Solar/wind powered Water Pumping Irrigation Scheme Why this study?

To test the Assessment Framework in the real situation To identify and examine the developmental impacts of energy innovations To use the information obtained to improve on-going and future energy interventions Specific Objectives To establish and apply an Assessment Framework for evaluating development and poverty impacts of energy interventions To engage in a dialogue with energy policy makers and other stakeholders on the basis of the framework, with a view to incorporating these issues in energy policy.

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About the case study: UNDP Water Pumping /Irrigation projects Located in Ukerewe Island, a district in Lake Victoria, Mwanza Region Comprise of two irrigation schemes  Windmill – Nakatunguru village  Solar PV – Namagubo village All focused into water pumping for irrigation using water from Lake Victoria Funded by UNDP GEF SGP Implemented by MAFS and managed by farmers groups

Case study project site

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About the case study cont…..

The projects aimed at: Increasing crop productivity – food security and income generation Demonstrating use of RET’s thus safeguarding the environment 13

Methodology for testing AF

Review of project documents Projects site visits Meetings with Farmers Group Leaders & District officials Structured questionnaires Discussions with focus groups

Beneficiaries District officials Ministry of Agricuture and Food Security Project Sponsor

Analysis of data by MS Access

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Assessment Framework Test Findings Unfortunately none of the projects were operational during AF testing due to: Lake water level drop caused by climate change – less rainfall coupled with long dry periods (evaporation) Increased demand for water by population around the Lake However: Success story revealed by the beneficiaries and other stakeholders during the first 3 months of projects life indicated positive outcomes and impacts 15

Outcomes of the projects

Increased awareness on the use of modern energy for productive use activities Farmer groups training on: Better farming methods (horticulture, etc.) Managing and maintaining wind /solar irrigation facility Leadership of groups Increase in farm sizes From 3 acres to 50 acres Strengthening community relations Increase in group size – From 6 to 36 members – From 5 to 60 members Increased crop productivity Increased access to water 16

Impacts of the projects

Although limited, impacts recorded include: • Reduced income poverty (Revealed by beneficiaries during interview after comparing what they used to get before and after the project) • Employment creation – many people resort to farming business Environmental conservation Use of clean energy sources Time saving Irrigating once for two days – Initially irrigating everyday Only for two hours a day – Initially irrigating 8 hours a day Reduced women drudgery 17

Impacts/ Outcomes Array

Wind/Solar powered irrigation schemes Access to Clean Energy Service Increased Farm sizes Increased productivity Increased income generation Time saving Better living standards Engage on other productive activities Reduce work load Improved health Increased social relation

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Assessment framework and findings

Activity Small-scale irrigation using wind or solar energy for pumping water from Lake Victoria Output Use of outputs Increased access to water for irrigation Domestic use Agricultural use Outcome Time saving Reduced water borne diseases Increased agricultural production Increased re forestation Employment

Use of the Outcome

Subsistence Use Commercial Use Impact Improved social relations (gender) Improved health Reduced hunger Economic enhancement Forest conserva tion Reduced income poverty

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Lessons Learnt by TaTEDO for improving the AF The following lessons are quite critical to take into consideration during the planning and designing of energy intervention projects and programmes: Taking of baseline information for effective M + E undertaking Clear institutional set –up for effective implementation Clear ownership and involvement/participation of the beneficiaries for effective project management Clear impact assessment mechanism for ensuring project sustainability.

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Conclusions

Based on these findings AF is an important tool during project planning, designing, implementation and in the M + E, Major setback for the successful implementation of the two projects is the drastic drop of water level in Lake Victoria In relation to the MDGs and Tanzania NSGRP the wind/solar powered technology is appropriate for irrigation projects. If successful, could have strong positive impacts on poverty reduction, gender and environmental sustainability.

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Conclusions……

The information obtained through application of AF are useful to our National Energy Policy in: • Improving policy implementation strategies • Institute appropriate enforcing Laws and Regulations • Improving mechanisms for projects monitoring and evaluation • Applying impact assessment mechanism for ensuring sustainability 22

Recommendations

Baseline information is vital during project planning to be able to determine project viability, measure progress and assess impacts There is a need to incorporate monitoring and evaluation component in project planning from local level to national level Need to strengthen capacity for different stakeholders on the issues of development- poverty-energy linkages Create awareness and capacity building to planners in various sectors in order to get energy integrated into planning to implementation 23

Recommendations ……

Need to conduct farmers/ beneficiaries awareness raising on the essential linkages between energy, environment and development.

Different stakeholders involvement from very beginning of project planning, implementation and management is crucial for project success and sustainability System re-designing may be required to cope with the existing situation 24

P. O. Box 32794,Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel: +255-22-2700771/2700438 Fax: +255-22-2774400 Email: [email protected]

Website: www.tatedo.org

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