Transcript Presentation Title

The difference is CLEAR
2014 Iowa Renewable Fuels Summit
© Ricardo plc 2014
Our Heritage
More than 90 years of successful project delivery across multiple market
sectors
1915
Providing technology, product innovation, engineering solutions and strategic
consulting to the world’s automotive industries since 1915
Ricardo is a global, world-class, multi-industry consultancy for engineering, technology, project innovation and strategy.
2013
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Global Reach
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Products & Services
Engines
Vehicle Engineering
Performance Products
Environmental Consulting
Transmissions & Driveline
Hybrid/Electrical Systems
Strategic Consulting
Software
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Diverse Market Sectors
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Our Clients
We have experience working with leading companies across a number of demanding
market sectors
Passenger Car
High Performance
Vehicles & Motorsport
Commercial
Vehicles
Agricultural &
Industrial Vehicles
Motorcycles &
Personal Transportation
Marine
Rail
Clean Energy &
Power Generation
Defence
Government
TACOM
UK MoD
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Legendary Automotive Innovators: Henry Ford, Charles
Kettering (GM), and Sir Harry Ricardo – Ethanol Based Fuels

Anticipated depletion of petroleum reserves

Expressed hope for a destiny beyond fossil energy
– Ford expected bio-fuels would strengthen the rural
economy
– Kettering planned to help the auto industry avoid oil
shortages
– Sir Harry hoped to promote national energy security

All three had views on ethanol as an anti-knock additive

Over 90 years ago “Ricardo Discol racing spirit” was patented,
an alcohol-blended fuel

The work continues today … questions include:
– What is the ultimate fuel economy possible from
downsizing?
– Where is the “sweet spot” for fuel octane ?
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Evolutionary development of current technologies will deliver
benefits – but disruptive technologies can be game changers
Iterative Evolutionary Technologies
Current ICE
Technology
Combustion
Optimisation
Charge/Boost
Technology
Downsizing
Friction reduction
Disruptive
Revolutionary
Technologies
Hybrid Systems
Energy Recovery
Advanced
Fuel Injection
Exhaust Gas
Heat Recovery
New Ideas in
Thermodynamics
Low Carbon
Sustainable Fuels
Integrated
Cycles
Combination
of Function
Cross Sector
Innovation
New Processes
Intelligent Automation
Low Carbon
Propulsion
Systems
Source: Ricardo Analysis
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Downsizing & Boosting- Synergy With Ethanol
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EBDI- Extreme Boosted Direct Injection
A Ricardo Technology Demonstrator
Fuel economy improvement benefit for
multiple applications:
o Passenger cars
o Truck and medium duty vehicles
o Off road applications: Agricultural
and Construction
Provides a scalable SI engine technology package
Objective:
o Develop a 3.2L Spark Ignited engine
running on E85 ethanol with
performance of 6-7L diesel engine:
o Provide flexible powertrain optimized
for operation on standard pump
gasoline to E85
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EBDI- Extreme Boosted Direct Injection
Significantly Improved SI Fuel Economy
20
Current Diesel
Current NA Gas
EBDI Gas
EBDI E85
18
Fuel economy (mpg)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
FTP75
US06
HFET
Using standard vehicle
transmission:
o Achieved diesel like fuel
efficiency
o Higher fuel economy over
FTP75 cycle
• 26.5% higher compared
to existing gasoline
engine
• 3.5% higher compared to
existing diesel engine
Further improvements in
highway performance is possible
by optimizing the vehicle’s
transmission gear ratios
Test Cycle
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EBDI- Extreme Boosted Direct Injection
High Performance Capability
Target Performance Levels for Ricardo US Demonstrator Vehicle "EBDI"
Comparison to potential replaced engines
1000
700 Nm available across 3,600 rpm range
Achieved diesel like
performance:
o Low speed torque
o Broad torque curve
o High torque (900 Nm)
900
Torque (Nm)
800
700
600
500
400
EBDI E85 - Target
300
6,000lb Gas Engine
200
8,500lb Diesel Engine
6,000lb Diesel Engine
100
0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Engine Speed (rpm)
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Conclusion: During the next decade internal combustion
engines will become significantly more efficient

Future fleet fuel economy targets in the U.S. will require significant changes in
engine technology over the next 10–15 years

Vehicle electrification will be part of the solution, but the vast majority of vehicles
sold in 2025 will use internal combustion engines as the primary form of
propulsion
– Battery-only electric vehicles will only represent a niche market

Engines will have higher specific power from using technologies such as
– Direct injection
– Turbocharging or similar boost systems
– Higher compression ratios

Ethanol fuel properties make it possible to match diesel efficiency in a highly
Boosted Engine by means of downsizing
– Combine with downspeeding to create further benefits
Future powertrain solutions will have a
natural thirst for higher octane fuels
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