Transcript OGT Benchmark: Identify major historical patterns in the

OGT Benchmark: Identify major
historical patterns in the domestic
affairs of the United States during
the twentieth century and explain
their significance.
• The Roaring 20’s
• The Great Depression
• The New Deal
The Roaring Twenties
**The 1920’s is portrayed as an exciting and great time in the history of the
U.S. World War I had ended, and it was time to get back to as
President Harding would say, “normalcy.” But, not everything was
great for everyone in the 1920’s. We will now look at the good and the
bad of this decade.
Interesting Topics of the 1920’s
Women’s suffrage/19th Amendment, Prohibition,
flappers, jazz/ragtop music, the Harlem Renaissance,
gangsters, the Red Scare, Ku Klux Klan, Model-T, Henry
Ford, Stock Market Speculation Black Tuesday, Stock
Market Crash, Beginning of the Great Depression
I. Postwar Reaction
•
****The end of war did NOT bring peace to
Europe. Europe was torn apart and had
many problems. People revolted against
their governments
•
***In the U.S. the end of the war led to fear
of foreigners and radicals.
•
***The end of the war saw a large amount
of labor strikes. Many immigrants lost their
factory jobs immediately after the war.
II. The Red Scare
• 1. The Red Scare
– A. Bolshevik Revolution in Russia led to fear it
may happen in U.S.
– B. Factories that war supplies closed =
immigrants out of work = labor unrest = people
saw these people as violent radicals and threats
– C. Fear of communism, political violence, and
labor unrest known as THE RED SCARE
 2. International Workers of the World
(IWW)
A. IWW = labor union
B. IWW = influenced by Socialist Party (Communism)
C. IWW = objected WWI and dodged draft
D. Seattle, Washington--shipyard strike led to many
other strikes in the city
E. U.S. Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer blames
IWW
F. He tries, convicts and deports many leaders of the
IWW
G. Most had done nothing wrong
H. Palmer also deports many other “radicals” across
U.S., even if they did nothing wrong.
3. Sacco and Vanzetti
• Italian immigrants accused, tried, and killed
for a crime they probably did not commit.
4. Nativism
• Q: What is nativism?
• A: Fear of and antagonism toward foreigners
• B. Americans feared immigrants
– 1. Take their jobs
• C. Immigration Restriction League
•
1. Had to read in order to get into U.S.
• D. National Origins Act of 1924
•
1. Reduced quotas
•
2. Only 150,000 immigrants per year
•
3. Barred Chinese, Japanese, and Asians
III. The Great Migration and
Racial Tensions
• A. The Great Migration
– 1. Before war, most African-Americans lived in South
– 2. During war, many migrated north
• a. escape poverty: get jobs in factories making war items
• b. escape discrimination
– 3. Examples
• a. Cleveland: 300% increase
• b. Detroit: 600% increase
• B. Racial Tensions
–1. After war, whites came home
–2. African-Americans moved
into their neighborhoods
–3. whites jobs taken
–4. leads to
discrimination/violence
• C. Race Riots and Lynchings
– 1. Discrimination begins again
– 2. many bloody race riots in the city
– 3. thousands of lynchings took place
Lynching
• Lynching is a characteristic
of mob rule and was not
always done on the basis of
race.ﾊ American history has
always been tinged with race
and its mobs have used it as
a tactic to persecute AfricanAmericans.ﾊ The Lynching
of African-Americans began
after the Civil War and in
some ways continues to this
day.
• D. The “new” Klan
•
1. Formed in the South and West
•
2. Used terror and violence
•
3. Hated:
•
a. blacks
•
b. Jews
•
c. Roman Catholics
•
d. all “foreigners”
•
4. Violence:
•
a. whipped and killed innocent people
•
b. burned buildings
•
c. seldom went to jail
•
5. KKK blamed these people for the problems:
•
a. race riots
•
b. lack of jobs
•
6. The Klan dominated some states and the
government
IV. 19th Amendment
• Passed in 1920
• Women’s suffrage--the right to vote
• at first, many women did not vote
– politics/voting seen as the husband’s job
– votes influenced by their husbands
V. Prohibition
• 18th amendment: Prohibited the
manufacture, sale or transportation of alcohol
• everybody broke this law
• bootleggers and speakeasies
• organized crime. Ex: Al Capone
• 21st amendment: repealed the 18th
amendment
VI. Popular Culture and the
Harlem Renaissance
• The 1920’s are popularly remembered
as a time when people rebelled against
decorum and styles. Manners became
more relaxed and less formal. Fashion
became more comfortable and
revealing. Pastimes were deliberately
silly and flamboyant. Artists, writers,
and musicians experimented with new
ideas and styles.
1. The Flapper
Q: What is a flapper?
A: A modern young woman who rejected the
strict values of the past and advocated more
open attitudes toward lifestyle and fashion.
a. flappers symbolized the new freedom of
women (19th amendment passed in 1920)
b. short hair cuts, wore short skirts (past the
knee), wore makeup and bright red lipstick
c. most women were NOT flappers, but they
became the popular image of the 1920’s
2. The Economy of the 1920’s
•
•
•
•
•
a. many prospered during 1920’s
b. auto factories employed many
c. birth of assembly line (Henry Ford)
d. many items available to buy
e. ideas formed: marketing,
advertising, and selling goods on credit
or installment plans
3. Popular Entertainment
•
a. Radio
–
–
–
–
KDKA in Pittsburgh was 1st
NBC and CBS radio began in 20’s
over 10 million had radios by 1930
on radio: presidential results, baseball, classical music,
and soap operas
b. Movies
-- silent
--Douglas Fairbans, Sr, Mary Pickford, and Charlie Chaplin
--theaters sprung up
--talking movies followed by end of the 1920’s
4. Harlem Renaissance
• a. An area in New York City called Harlem.
• b. In Harlem, many African-Americans
became
• c. great writers, poets, musicians,
entertainers, and scholars.
• d. Langston Hughes and Countee Cullen
were famous poets in Harlem.
5. Music and Dances
• a. Jazz was creative and energetic and
always changing.
• b. It started in the South
• c. Some famous jazz artists include:
•
1. Louis Armstrong
•
2. Duke Ellington
•
3. George Gershwin
• d. New Dances Develop
– “The Charleston” and “The Hug” became
popular.
6. Others
• a. Charles Lindbergh flow The Spirit of
St. Louis across the Atlantic
• b. Babe Ruth hit 60 home runs in 1
season
• c. many people making money on the
stock market
VII. Stock Market Speculation
and the Crash of 1929
• a. Many people bought stock and made money
• b. People even borrowed to buy stock
• c. Many people got rich, so even more bought
stock
• d. On October 29, 1929 the stocks lost value.
• e. Everyone tried to sell their stocks, but
nobody would buy.
• f. People lost everything they had.
• g. This started the Great Depression.
OGT Multiple Choice
• 1. Communists were also known as
•
•
•
•
A. “Blues”
B. “Grays”
C. “Yellows”
D. “Reds”
OGT Multiple Choice
•
•
•
•
•
2. The “Flappers”
A. cut their hair short
B. wore a lot of makeup and red lipstick
C. wore short skirts
D. all of the above
OGT Multiple Choice
•
3. The emergence of many great African-American writers,
poets, musicians, entertainers, and scholars in the New York
City area was known as the
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
New York City Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance
Black Renaissance
Manhattan Renaissance
OGT Multiple Choice
•
4. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) In 1919 the United States
ratified the 18th Amendment, which made the production,
selling, and buying of alcoholic beverages illegal. One of the
unintended results of Prohibition was that
• A. people stopped drinking alcohol
• B. there was less crime because there
was less drinking
• C. there was a growth in organized crime
• D. alcohol consumption dropped
considerably
OGT Multiple Choice
•
5. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the 19th century women did not
hold elected office, while in the twentieth century there was an increase in
the number of women holding offices at the local, state, and national
levels of government. What was the major reason for this change in
women participating in government?
• A. Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision in 1896
• B. Ratification of the 19th Amendment to the
Constitution in 1920
• C. Election of John F. Kennedy to the presidency in 1960
• D. Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
OGT Multiple Choice
•
6. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) The presidential election of
1920 was a landmark election in United States history because
• A. Warren G. Harding was the first
Republican to be elected President.
• B. it was the 1st election in which AfricanAmericans could vote for Pres.
• C. Woodrow Wilson was the 1st president
to be elected to a third term
• D. it was the first election in which women
could vote for president
OGT Multiple Choice
•
7. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Which of the following
statements most accurately describes the main reason for the
African-American migration of the 1920’s?
• A. The migration wen from south to north
to take advantage of the north’s climate
• B. The migration went from south to north
because of job opportunities in the
northern factories
• C. The migration went from north to south
to take advantage of the south’s climate
• D. The migration went from north to south
because of job opportunities in the south
OGT Multiple Choice
•
8. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) Select the decade in
which women in the United States got the right to vote:
• A. 1920’s
C. 1960’s
B. 1940’s
D. 1980’s
OGT Multiple Choice
•
9. (2005 Practice Test) One effect of widespread suburbanization
in the United States during the 1920’s was
• A. airlines adding routes to new cities.
• B. increased reliance upon the
automobile
• C. decreased immigration from Europe
and Asia
• D. television replacing radio as the most
popular medium.
OGT Multiple Choice
• 10. The first solo nonstop flight from
New York to Paris was made by
• A. Charles A. Lindbergh
• B. Ferdinand Morton
• C. Frederick W. Taylor
• D. Amelia Earhart
OGT Multiple Choice
• 11. The National Origins Act of 1924
• A. required that all immigrants be able
to read
• B. required that all immigrants be able
to speak English
• C. raised immigration quotas
• D. reduced immigration quotas
OGT Multiple Choice
•
12. (Base Test March 2005) One cause of suburbanization in the
United States during the 1920’s was increased
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
overcrowding and violence in the cities
economic opportunities in rural towns
emigration from the United States
economic reliance upon agriculture
Use the following list to answer question 16.
•
•
Key Developments for the
United States in the 1920’s
easy credit and a rise in consumer debt
growing unemployment in key industries such as construction
overproduction and declining farm income
buying stocks on margin and soaring stock prices
13. (2005 Practice Test) What was significant about the developments shown
•above
for the United States in the 1920’s?
•A. They were causes of World War II.
•B. They were signs of difficulties within the U.S. economy
C. They demonstrated the ability of the Federal Reserve to control the money
•supply
•D.
They
States.
led to legislation restricting immigration to the United
OGT Multiple Choice
(14. 2005 Practice Test) How did the U.S.
Constitution change as a result of the
ratification of the 19th Amendment?
• A. The right of suffrage was extended to
women.
• B. Freedom of assembly was restricted
• C. The power of government decreased
• D. Freedom of the press was
strengthened
OGT Multiple Choice
• 15. Which of the following was not true about
the 1920’s?
• A. Automobiles became very popular
• B. Women became less independent
• C. Radios brought news and entertainment
• D. Young people became attracted to “hot”
jazz and fast cars
OGT Multiple Choice
•
16. Bold use of the assembly line in his factories can be
credited to
•
•
•
•
A.
B.
C.
D.
Henry Ford
J.P. Morgan
Andrew Carnegie
John D. Rockefeller
OGT Multiple Choice
•
17. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) During the Red Scare in the
United States after World War I, all of the following happened to
immigrants EXCEPT
• A. more than 500 were deported without
being charged of crimes
• B. immigration laws were passed
permitting a larger number of immigrants
to enter the country
• C. two immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti,
were put to death on questionable charges
• D. immigration laws were passed
restricting the number of immigrants
entering the country
OGT Multiple Choice
• 18. Who were the 3 presidents during
the 1920’s?
• A. Wilson, Harding and Coolidge
• B. Harding, Coolidge and Hoover
• C. Wilson, Harding and Hoover
• D. Roosevelt, Coolidge and Hoover
OGT Multiple Choice
• 19. The “Roaring Twenties” were
characterized by
• A. jazz music
• B. speakeasies
• C. flappers
• D. all of the above
OGT Short Answer
•
Analyze two instances in which the rights of individuals
were restricted for immigrants during the Red Scare. (2
points)
OGT Extended Response
•
•
•
•
Women received the right to vote in 1920: (4 points)
Which amendment gave this right?
Describe two reasons why women
would want this right.
What was one effect of the passing
of this amendment.
OGT Benchmark: Identify
major historical patterns in the
domestic affairs of the United
States during the twentieth
century and explain their
significance.
• The Roaring 20’s
• The Great Depression
• The New Deal
• The stock market crash of 1929 ushered
in a decade in which millions of people
suffered through unemployment and
poverty. The nation’s leaders, who were
once so optimistic, lost their confidence
and became stricken with fear and doubt.
I. Causes of the Great
Depression
• Reason #1: Stock market crash
• The price of stock declined a little, and
this led to a collapse. People lost all of
their money, and this led to the greatest
depression in the history of the United
States.
Reason #1, cont
• Black Thursday
•
A. October 24, 1929
•
1. Prices fell
•
2. Everyone sold their stock
•
B. J.P. Morgan and Co.
•
1. Bought $30 million in stocks
•
2. Bought stocks at higher prices
•
3. Prices went back up
•
4. Things stable again
Reason #1, cont.
The Great Crash
•
A. Tuesday, October 29, 1929
•
1. Worst day of all
•
2. Prices fell steeply
•
B. U.S. Steel stock
•
1. Sept. 3 = $262/share
•
2. Nov. 12 = $150/share
• ***Many stocks decreased to half of its value
Reason #2: The unequal
distribution of wealth
• The unequal distribution of wealth
•
A. A few people actually had money
•
1. They spent a lot during the 1920’s
•
B. The rest were barely getting by
•
C. When stock market crashed, the rich stopped
•
spending
•
D. Inventories piled up
•
1. cars
•
2. refrigerators
•
3. radios
•
E. People lost jobs
•
F. Downward spiral
Reason #3: Countries owed
us money for WWI
• Countries owed us money from the war
•
1. We lent them money
•
2. We were paying ourselves our
own money!
Reason #4: Credit and
Margin Loans
• A. People got loans to buy stocks
•
B. THIS WAS A BIG GAMBLE!
•
C. Businesses used money to buy
stock instead of machines and
factories!
II. Effects of the Great
Depression
•
1. U.S. Economic output decreased by 50%
in just 3 years
•
2. farm income went down/crop prices
decreased
•
3. farmers started destroying crops to try to
force prices up
•
4. railroads, mining, and lumber industries
declined
Effects, continued
• 5. construction projects and auto purchases
declined
• 6. 1933: 1/4 unemployed
• 7. others had wages cut
• 8. soup kitchens and bread lines
• 9. Hoovervilles and Hoover flags
Effects, continued
• 10. Vicious cycle:
• Consumer spending decreased =
demand for goods decreased =
production of goods decreased =
businesses laid off employees = people
had no money to spend
Effects, continued
• 11. Banking and credit
– a. people lost their money: could not pay bank
loans
– b. many had borrowed to buy cars, equipment, and
to gamble in the stock market
– c. 1920-33: 9000 banks closed
Effects, continued
• 12. Too many bank runs--people lined up
at the banks to clear their accounts
•
a. Hundreds of banks failed
•
b. People lost their life savings
•
--lost retirement
•
--lost money saved for a house
•
--lost money saved for college
III. The Dust Bowl
• severe drought in Great Plains (Oklahoma,
Kansas, New Mexico, Texas, Colorado)
• began in 1931
• crops dried up and died
• “Black Blizzards”: dust storms
• this continued for several years
• tons of soil lost from the dust storms (Trees
and grass roots used to keep soil in place,
but they had been cut in order to make more
farm land)
The Dust Bowl, cont.
• Oklahoma woman described the living
conditions:
• “In the dust-covered desolation of our No
Man’s Land here, wearing our shade hats,
with handkerchiefs tied over our faces and
Vaseline in our nostrils, we have been trying
to rescue our home from the wind-blown dust,
which penetrates wherever air can go. It is
almost a hopeless task, for there is rarely a
day when at some time, the dust cods do not
roll over. Visibility approaches zero and
everything is covered again with a slit-like
deposit, which may vary in depth from a film
to actual ripples on the kitchen floor.”
The Dust Bowl, cont.
--millions forced to leave homes
--By 1940: 2.5 million had left
--200,000 went to California
--One Kansan said:
“The land just blew away; we had to go somewhere”
IV. Attempts to Alleviate the Depression
• A. Herbert is President from 1928-1932--he did not
believe the government should give hand outs
• B. At first, the government did nothing
•
“Let the slump liquidate itself.”
• C. Called for the cities and states to feed the
hungry
• D. Brought in business owners
•
1. keep wages up
•
2. keep factories working
• E. Cut income tax (Similar to what George W.
Bush did in 2003)
Attempts, cont
• F. The Bonus Army
– 1. 1924: Congress: all veterans will get a bonus to
be paid to all veterans in 1945
– 2. Veterans want money NOW!
– 3. They marched to Washington, D.C. to protest
– 4. Pres. Hoover had the army remove the protestors
– 5. Public infuriated: VETS were being kicked out of
D.C.!!!
V. Hoover’s Attempts to Help
• A. The Great Depression did not end quickly. Hoover came up with a
plan to get us out of the depression:
• 1. Agricultural Marketing Act: The government would buy farm
products so the farmers could make some money. This plan
failed, and farm prices continued to decline.
• 2. Reconstruction Finance Corporation: loaned money to banks,
railroads, and insurance companies.
• 3. Federal works programs: The government paid people to build
dams, roads and buildings.
• 4. Moratorium: Told foreign countries they did not have to pay back
war debts to the U.S. They could then use this money to buy U.S.
goods.
OGT Multiple Choice
• 1. All of the following were causes of the
Great Depression except
• A. the stock market crash
• B. the uneven distribution of income
• C. the high unemployment of the 1920’s
• D. the fact that other countries did not pay us
for the costs of World War I
OGT Multiple Choice
• 2. All of the following were effects of the
depression except
• A. millions of unemployed people
• B. malnutrition in children
• C. bank runs
• D. increased college enrollments
OGT Multiple Choice
• 3. Hoover’s methods for dealing with the
depression included all of the following
except
• A. tax cuts
• B. moratorium
• C. direct relief programs
• D. federal works programs
OGT Multiple Choice
• 4. Putting down a small amount of cash
to buy shares of a stock is known as
• A. percentage buying
• B. mania buying
• C. buying on margin
• D. buying on time
OGT Multiple Choice
• 5. In 1932 a march on Washington was
made by a group of unemployed
veterans called
• A. Coxey’s Army
• B. Hoover’s Army
• C. the Bonus Army
• D. the Bogus Army
OGT Multiple Choice
• 6. What happened on Black Tuesday?
• A. the price of stocks dropped as many
people began selling their stock
• B. the price of stock stayed the same most of
the day
• C. the price of stocks went up as most
people wanted to buy stocks
• D. the price of stocks dropped as most
people wanted to sell their stock
OGT Multiple Choice
• 7. Shantytowns of the suddenly poor
were known as
• A. Hoovervilles
• B. Bust Towns
• C. Dust Bowls
• D. Povertyvilles
OGT Multiple Choice
• 8. Putting down a small amount of cash
to buy shares of a stock is known as
• A. percentage buying
• B. mania buying
• C. buying on margin
• D. buying on time
OGT Multiple Choice
• 9. As a result in stock market gambling,
• A. Americans borrowed heavily to bet on
stocks.
• B. businesses put their cash into margin
loans rather than into new machines and
factories.
• C. the connection between the real value of
companies and their stock prices was
reduced.
• D. all of the above
OGT Multiple Choice
• 10. The stock market “crash” refers to all of
the following EXCEPT:
• A. the failure of people to repay loans for
stock bought on credit
• B. the huge drop in the value of stocks
• C. the inflated value of many stocks
• D. millions of shares of stock being traded in
one day
OGT Multiple Choice
• 11. The stock market crash was the
beginning of
• A. The Great Depression
• B. World War I
• C. The Roaring Twenties
• D. World War II
OGT Multiple Choice
• 12. Which of the following was not a cause of
the Great Depression?
• A. too many stocks being bought on credit
• B. unequal distribution of wealth
• C. excessive stock speculation
• D. government overspending
OGT Multiple Choice
• 13. Which man was President of the
U.S. when the stock market crashed?
• A. Calvin Coolidge
• B. Warren G. Harding
• C. Theodore Roosevelt
• D. Herbert Hoover
OGT Multiple Choice
• 14. One of the causes of the Great
Depression was an uneven distribution of
income in the United States. What is the best
explanation of “uneven distribution of
income?
• A. When a country has too many rich people.
• B. When a large percentage of people own
most of the money in a country.
• C. When everybody who lives in a country
pretty much has the same amount of money
• D. When a small percentage of people have
OGT Multiple Choice
• 15. When the stock market crashed, there
was a mad rush to the banks as many people
wanted to get all of their money out of the
bank. This was done for fear the banks were
running out of money. This mad rush was
called
• A. money runs
• B. bank hold ups
• C. bank runs
• D. margin runs
OGT Extended Response
• By the end of the 1920’s many people had
lost their life savings.
• A. Identify what happened when the stock
market crashed. (1 point)
• B. Explain 2 reasons why the stock market
crash negatively effected the
economy. (2 points)
• C. What was President Hoover’s response to
the stock market crash? (1 point)
OGT Extended Response
• (Practice Test Booklet 2005) During the 1920’s
many people were gambling in the stock
market. Not only did people use their own
money, they also borrowed money to invest in
the stock market. Many people made a lot of
money during the 1920’s by investing in the
stock market.
•
A. Identify two ways in which people made
money by playing the stock market. (2 points).
•
B. Explain how buying stocks on margin
may have led to the stock market crash of 1929.
(2 points)
OGT Extended Response
• October of 1929 marked the beginning of the
time period known as the Great Depression.
This depression was “great” because it lasted
so long and was so severe. There was not
one cause that led us into this terrible time.
• A. Give 2 causes of the Great Depression. (2
points)
• B. What were two effects of the Great
Depression? (2 points)
OGT Benchmark: Identify
major historical patterns in the
domestic affairs of the United
States during the twentieth
century and explain their
significance.
• The Roaring 20’s
• The Great Depression
• The New Deal
I. Election of 1932
• Herbert Hoover •FDR
• Republican
• “New Deal”
• “Prosperity is just • Increase federal
around the
relief
corner.”
• If FDR wins: end • “Happy Days are
Here Again”
of capitalism
Election, continued
• 1. FDR wins in a landslide (57% of
popular vote)
• 2. Democrats win in both houses of
Congress
• 3. This allowed FDR to pass a lot of
bills---the “NEW DEAL!”
II. FDR
• A. Franklin D. Roosevelt wins election in 1932. He
told Americans “the only thing we have to fear
is fear itself.”
• B. Roosevelt had a plan to get us out of the
Depression. He called it the New Deal.
• C. FDR was a winner with good character--smiled
•
a lot
• D. Had polio--was in a wheelchair
• E. Distant cousin of Teddy Roosevelt
• F. Only President to ever win 4 terms in office
FDR, continued
• ***Roosevelt was willing to try ANYTHING to get us out of the
depression. The following were all passed in the first 100
days of his presidency.
• The Brain Trust: A group of FDR’s closest advisors.
Together, they came up with many of the New Deal
Programs.
• “Fireside Chats”--FDR used the radio to speak with the
American people
• John Maynard Keynes--Felt the government should spend
money instead of cutting back. The government should
lower taxes, spend money, and purposely run up large
deficits. This would keep people working and put more
money into the economy. THIS WAS
DIFFERENT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
III. The Hundred Days
• A. March 9 to June 16
• B. A lot of New Deal Legislation
passed
• C. 3 R’s
– 1. Relief: give people money and items NOW
– 2. Recovery: of American business and industry
– 3. Reform: the economic system
The Hundred Days, cont.
Emergency Banking
Relief Act (March 9)
Good banks could
reopen. President has a
lot powers over banks.
Civilian Conservation
hired young people to
Corps (CCC) (March 31) plant trees and build
roads.
US abandons gold
Causes a decline in the
standard (April 19)
exchange value of the
dollar abroad and an
increase in the prices of
stocks and silver in the
American exchanges
Agricultural Adjustment Paid farmers to grow
fewer crops in order to
Act (AAA) (May 12)
reduce the supply and
raise farm prices.
loaned millions of dollars
Federal Emergency
to families for food,
Relief Act (May 12)
shelter, and clothes.
Tennessee Valley
Built dams and power
Authority (TVA)
plants in the
Tennessee Valley
(May 18)
region to control
flooding and promote
the economic
developent of the area.
Federal Securities Act
(May 27)
National Employment
System Act (June 6)
Home Owners
Refinancing Act (June
13)
Banking Act (June 16)
set rules about selling
stocks and bonds.
Established U.S.
Employment Service,
which provided
matching funding for
state employment
services
Set up refinancing for
mortgages
Set up the Federal
Deposit Insurance
Corporation (FDIC)
Gave workers right to form
National Industrial
Recover Act (NIRA) unions, set up minimum wage,
max work hours, prices,
(June 16)
***Later ruled
unconstitutional by
the Supreme Court
Emergency Railroad
Transportation Act
(June 16)
Farm Credit Act
(June 16)
production, and competition.
Est. the National Recovery
Administration (NRA) and the
Public Works Administration
(PWA), which paid people to
build roads and public
buildings.
Increased federal
regulation of the RRs.
Provided refinancing of
farm mortgages.
IV. Critics of the New Deal
A. Conservatives: Business felt this would end
capitalism. Felt New Deal did way too much to
help people--free handouts
B. Liberals: Felt New Deal not enough help
C. Huey Long: US Sen. from Louisiana.
1. “Share-the-Wealth”: increase tax on rich
2. have minimum yearly income for everyone
3. He took plan to people
4. wanted to run for President
5. assassinated in Sept. 1935
V. Second New Deal
A. 1st New Deal helped
B. Needed more
1. Works Progress Administration
a. gave jobs to 2 million Americans
b. construction jobs: airports, bridges,
highways, and public buildings
c. employed artists, writers, and musicians
C. Social Security
• 1. established income-support for
American workers and families
•
•
a. tax for workers and
employers
b. Provides pensions and
insurance
D. National Labor Relations
Act
• Gave workers the right to start unions.
The government now was siding with
workers over business.
E. The Congress of Industrial
Organizations (CIO)
• started a union of skilled AND unskilled
workers
• CIO broke from the A F of L
• later in history these 2 reunited to form
AFL-CIO.
VI. FDR and the Supreme
Court
• A. The Supreme Court felt much of the New
Deal was unconstitutional. Most of the
Supreme Court justices were very old.
• B. When the old justices retired, Roosevelt
replaced them with younger men who liked
the New Deal.
FDR and SC, continued
• C. Feb. 1937: Court packing
•
1. FDR wants 15 S.C. justices
•
2. Reason: behind in work
• D. S.C. had continued to strike down New Deal
• E. FDR wants more justices
•
1. They would vote for his New Deal
programs
VII. Did the New Deal Work?
• A. People still out of work
• B. Saved America
•
1. no civil war
•
2. no dictator
•
3. spirits stayed high
• ***New Deal got us through the toughest time
in American history (excluding wars).
• ***The U.S. did not get out of depression until
World War II, when all of the factories were
making war materials.
OGT Multiple Choice
•
•
•
•
•
1. Social Security provided for
A. old-age insurance
B. public assistance
C. unemployment insurance
D. all of the above
OGT Multiple Choice
• 2. The purpose of the WPA was to
• A. help business
• B. reestablish confidence in the
banking system
• C. provide immediate financial aid to
farmers
• D. provide work for the able-bodied
unemployed
OGT Multiple Choice
•
3. (Practice Test Booklet, 2005) The Great Depression has had a great
influence on the United States economy because it
• A. marked a return to laissez faire economic
policies
• B. reduced government involvement in the
nation’s economy
• C. shifted the nation’s wealth from the rich to the
poor
• D. increased the role of government in the
nation’s economy
OGT Multiple Choice
•
4. (Practice Test Booklet 2005) Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New
Deal was an example of
• A. using the government to try to solve
the problems caused by the Great
Depression
• B. limiting the government so that the
economy could have a chance to improve
on its own
• C. using the government to overturn a
capitalist system that had failed
• D. providing assistance only to the very
wealthy in the hope that everyone would
benefit
OGT Multiple Choice
• 5. FDR’s often spoke to the public over the radio.
These were commonly known as
• A. Fireside chats
• B. Burning talks
• C. Radio addresses
• D. Talk radio
OGT Multiple Choice
• 6. The “hundred days” was the time period
• A. between FDR’s election and the first
inauguration
• B. immediately following FDR’s first
inauguration
• C. concluding FDR’s first term
• D. immediately following FDR’s second
inauguration
OGT Multiple Choice
• 7. ______ All of the following were part of
Hoover’s plan to get us out of the
depression except
• A. Agricultural Marketing Act
• B. Reconstruction Finance Corporation
• C. Moratorium
• D. Social Security
OGT Multiple Choice
• 8._____ Who said “The only thing we
have to fear is fear itself.”
• A. Herbert Hoover
• B. John Maynard Keynes
• C. Franklin D. Roosevelt
• D. Phil Hellmuth
OGT Extended Response
•
•
•
The Great Depression and the New Deal are two of the
major themes of the 1930’s. (4 points).
Explain two causes of the New Deal.
Explain two effects of the New Deal.
OGT Extended Response
• The Great Depression and the New
Deal are two of the major themes of the
1930’s. (4 points)
• Explain two causes of the Great
Depression.
• Explain two effects of the Great
Depression.
THE END
• NEXT, WE WILL LOOK AT WORLD
WAR II.