Transcript PUNCTUATION MARKS

PUNCTUATION
MARKS
,
. :
This resource is set up to include many of the rules for
punctuation. The slides vary in sophistication so will suit
children from Kindergarten to Year 7. Not all the slides are
suitable for all ages, e.g. for capital letters, you may only use
slide 1 for Kindergarten but all the slides for Year 3 students.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
1
Capital Letters 1
Use a capital letter to
begin a sentence.
Examples:
This morning we went to school.
Today is my birthday.
Yesterday was an amazing day.
It is a beautiful, hot day.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
2
Capital Letters 2
Use a capital letter for
names of people.
Examples:
Ben
Julie
Amy
Trevor
Leila
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
3
Capital Letters 3
Use a capital letter for
names of places, countries,
languages and nationalities.
Examples:
Pacific Ocean, Great Ocean Road
Russia, Italy, Indonesia
Russian, Italian, Indonesian, English
Australian, Italian, Russian, American
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
4
Capital Letters 4
Use a capital letter when
using “I”.
Examples:
I said I would do it.
Jenny and I went to school.
I am happy that I came first.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
5
Capital Letters 5
Use a capital letter for
titles.
Examples:
Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Commonwealth Bank
United Nations
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
6
Capital Letters 6
Use a capital letter for
days, months, holidays
and festivals.
Examples:
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday
January, February, March
Labour Day, New Year’s Day
Christmas, Easter, Ramadan,
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
7
Question Mark 1
Use a question mark instead
of a full stop when you ask a
direct question.
Examples:
What is your favourite sport? Why?
You’re from Australia, aren’t you?
A question mark is also called an interrogation point.
Do NOT use for indirect questions…e.g. I’m wondering if they
are coming. (Are they coming?)
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
8
Apostrophe 1
Use an apostrophe to
indicate letters are missing.
Examples:
They’re (they are)
Don’t (do not)
Doesn’t (does not)
Can’t (cannot)
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
9
Apostrophe 2
Use an apostrophe to
show ownership.
Examples:
The dog’s collar. …The collar belonging to one dog.
The dogs’ collars. …The collars belonging to more
than one dog, so the apostrophe comes after the s.
Keats’s poetry…There is only one Keats and his
name ends in an s, so it is ‘s –this is not required but
preferred.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
10
Apostrophe 3
Do NOT use for numbers or
capitals unless omitting
them would make it unclear.
Examples:
M.D.s (not M.D.’s), 3s (not 3’s), 1970s (not 1970’s),
ABCs (not ABC’s)
Some exceptions – dot your i’s (otherwise it would be
confused with is) or 0’s (or it would look like Os).
Note: If the sentence reads 0’s and 3’s the
apostrophe stays with the 3 for consistency in the
sentence.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
11
Comma 1
Use commas to separate
a list or a series.
Examples:
For breakfast I had eggs, bacon,
mushrooms, toast and coffee.
The cat jumped up on the fence, swished
its tail, then let out a loud meow.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
12
Comma 2
Use commas to set off
quoted elements.
Examples:
“I like James,” said Ben, “but not his dog.”
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
13
Comma 3
Use commas to set off
parenthetical elements.
Examples:
The Harwood Bridge, spanning the Clarence, was
in need of repair.
A parenthetical element is not essential for the
sentence to be understood, i.e. it is unnecessary to
add “spanning the Clarence” as the name of the
bridge provides that detail unless it could be
confused with another Harwood Bridge.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
14
Comma 4
Use commas to avoid
confusion.
Examples:
Andrea thinks Julie is very smart. (Julie is
smart)
Andrea, thinks Julie, is very smart. (Andrea
is smart)
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
15
Comma 5
Use commas to connect
2 independent clauses
using a conjunction.
Examples:
She threw the ball well, but it was in the
wrong direction.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
16
Comma 6
Use commas for
typographical reasons.
Examples:
She was born on July 11, 1963, in Sydney,
Australia. (leave the comma out if any part of
the date is omitted, e.g. July 11 in Sydney).
The cost of purchasing 5,742,322 golf balls
was $12,300.
Dr Martin, Professor of Science, was a very
clever man.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
17
Comma 7
Use commas to separate adjectives
where you could replace the comma
with the word “and” and reverse the
order of the adjectives and still make
sense (coordinate adjectives).
Examples:
She is a pretty, selfish woman.
Matt was a large, fearsome man.
Note: Do not use for cumulative adjectives, e.g. She wore a blue wool
vest. “blue and wool” would not make sense and reversing the order
of the words wold not make sense, e.g. She wore a wool blue vest.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
18
Comma 8
Use commas to surround
the name of persons
directly addressed.
Examples:
Will you, Jenny, look after the dog?
Yes, Julie, I will.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
19
Comma 9
Use commas to separate
a statement from a
question and contrasting
parts of a sentence.
Examples:
She won the part, didn’t she?
That is your problem, not mine.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
20
Comma 10
Use a comma if your
sentence starts with
“well”, “now” or “yes”.
Examples:
Well, I think we should finish it now.
Now, look what you have done.
Yes, I love chocolate cake.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
21
Comma 11
Use a comma before e.g.
and i.e.
Examples:
You will need a long list of resources, e.g.
pens, paints, paper, brushes, etc.
He is good at racquet sports, i.e. squash,
tennis and badminton.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
22
Comma 12
Use commas to set off
expressions that interrupt
sentence flow.
Examples:
I am angry, as you may have noticed,
because you did the wrong thing.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
23
Full Stop 1
Use a full stop to end a
sentence.
Examples:
I don’t want to get out of bed.
I love my mum.
It is a beautiful day today.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
24
Full Stop 2
Use a full stop for
abbreviation of words.
Examples:
If the word is abbreviated after the first few letters, use
a full stop, e.g. Mon. (Monday), cont. (continued), etc.
(etcetera)
If the word is abbreviate using the first and last letters,
a full stop is not necessary if you use British English,
e.g. Mr (Mister), Dr (Doctor), Pty (Proprietary).
They remain if you are using American English, e.g. Mr.
(Mister), Dr. (Doctor), Pty. (Proprietary).
Full stops are not usually used where the abbreviation
is the first letter of each word, e.g. ABC, UN, MA, CNN.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
25
Full Stop 3
Use a full stop in email
and internet addresses.
Examples:
[email protected]
www.teachezy.com
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
26
Quotation Marks 1
Use single quotation marks to
indicate the exact words
someone said.
Examples:
The teacher asked, ‘have you got your
books?’
‘I love ice cream,’ said Jenny, ‘but only
chocolate and peppermint.’
Note: Just to confuse matters, in US English, double quotation
marks are most commonly used and in British English, single
quotation marks are most commonly used. In AUSTRALIA we tend
to follow the British English rule of single quotation marks.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
27
Quotation Marks 2
Use quotation marks
when using articles,
poems, stories, songs, or
chapters in a book.
Examples:
My favourite poem is ‘The Man from Snowy River’
by Banjo Paterson.
I sang ‘Let it Be’ at the rehearsal.
Note: Use italics for the title of a book.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
28
Quotation Marks 3
Use double quotation
marks for quotes within
quotes.
Examples:
The teacher said, ‘Julie said, “leave
me alone.”’
Note: If you use double quotation marks for direct speech,
you use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. The
above method is the British English version.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
29
Quotation Marks 4
Use quotation marks to set off
words that are not actual
quotations.
Examples:
The treasure was at the spot marked ‘X’ on
the map. (British English)
Sadly, the brave soldier was killed by
“friendly fire”. (US English)
Please note that some in the US revert to British rules on occasions
and vice versa.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
30
Colon 1
Use a colon after a
complete sentence when
you do not use the words
namely, for example or that
is, to introduce a list.
Examples:
You must have this equipment with you when
you attend the camp this weekend: a tent, a
sleeping bag, clothes, shoes, water, and a hat.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
31
Colon 2
Use a colon between two
sentences if the second
sentence explains or
illustrates the first and there
is no conjunction.
Examples:
I love Christmas: the fun and festivities
make me very happy.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
32
Colon 3
Use a colon to introduce a
direct quotation that is
longer than three lines.
Examples:
In the book Trouble, the author wrote:
The children loved to play outside the house of Mr Bourke but he was a
frightening man who yelled when he was disturbed from his sleep before mid
morning.
They knew they were risking his wrath, but they decided they could wait no
longer to set up their game of cricket.
Note: quotation marks are not used and a line is left before and after the
quote. The quote is indented.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
33
Colon 4
Use a colon to indicate a
clock time.
Examples:
Meet me at 5:22 p.m. at the railway
station.
The class starts at 9:30 a.m. sharp.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
34
Colon 5
Use a colon in a bible
reference to separate the
chapter from the verse.
Examples:
Psalms 22:18
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
35
Colon 6
You may use a colon to
introduce script in a dialogue
such as a play.
Examples:
Little Red Riding Hood: My, your teeth are
so big.
Wolf: All the better to eat you with.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
36
Semi-Colon 1
Use a semi-colon to
separate the two parts of a
compound sentence where
a comma and conjunction
are not used.
Examples:
Instead of - The party was over, so the guests went home.
Use - The party was over; the guests went home.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
37
Semi-Colon 2
Use a semi-colon when
separating long, involved
clauses.
Examples:
Being a teacher has its rewards; longer
holidays, outside and inside time, lots of
fun and job satisfaction.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
38
Semi-Colon 3
Use a semi-colon to
separate clauses
punctuated by commas.
Examples:
When I finish work, I will be happy to take
you to the party; and that is a promise I will
keep.
If she can, she will; and if he can, he will.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
39
Semi-Colon 4
Use a semi-colon to
separate a series of units
where the units contain
commas.
Examples:
The teachers were a mixed bunch from
Sydney, Australia; Paris, France; Port
Moresby, Papua New Guinea; and
Auckland, New Zealand.
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
40
Exclamation Mark 1
Use an exclamation mark
to indicate emphasis or
surprise.
Examples:
I cannot believe you did that!
That is amazing!
Brilliant!
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
41
Exclamation Mark 2
Use an exclamation mark to
indicate a command.
Examples:
Go and do it now!
Stop!
Be quiet!
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
42
Exclamation Mark 3
An exclamation mark may
accompany a mimetically
sound.
Examples:
The dog went woof! in the back of the utility.
The bear let out a loud Grr!
Copyright TeachEzy 2014 @ teachezy.com
43