Transcript Workshop 2: Assessment

Assessment: Agenda Day 1
• Brief Introduction
• Standards-based assessments
• Summative assessments
• Formative assessment & student motivation
• Conceptual Framework
• Anticipation Guide
• Interactive graphic organizers
• Hands-on Activities
The Ivory Tower and The Trenches
Arlington Mill High School
Arlington, VA
Georgetown University
Washington, DC
“Teaching is still the most
important job” (George Lucas).
“Great teachers are earnest
learners” (Edutopia, 2015).
International Standards: TESOL
National (US) Standards: WIDA
• Frameworks & Standards
• Rubrics
– Samples of Speaking & Writing (See handout)
WIDA Sample: Speaking
• Q1: Why do you think
Alicia’s heart rate changes
when she is doing these
different activities? …. Q2:
Now imagine that Alicia
wants to ride her bike.
What number do you think
her heart rate will be? Q3:
Explain to me why you say
that. (OR) Can you
elaborate?
Local Standards
• See handout for benchmarks in writing
Levels & Standards
1
2
3
4
5
6
WIDA
Entering
Beginning Developing Expanding Bridging Reaching
TESOL
Starting
Emerging Developing Expanding Bridging
Local
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 4
Summative & Formative Assessments
Why?
When?
For
whom?
What
form?
Grade
Value?
Summative Monitor
progress
scheduled
Admin,
parents
More
formal
Much
Formative
ongoing
Teachers,
Students
Informal
Little
Inform
Formative Assessments
• can be individualized
• guide instruction
• are motivating
• can be creative
• are designed for cognitive (and metacognitive) development
• allow for immediate feedback
• can be instructive for student
Formative Assessments:
Conceptual Framework
Importance of
• social interaction
• balanced literacy tasks
• re-reading
• repetition
• self efficacy
• practice
• success
Teachers’ Instructional Goals
•
•
•
•
Prioritize content / language objectives
Assess prior knowledge
Allow opportunities for all 4 skills / domains
Design lessons that force students to become
mentally active / independent learners
• Ensure that all students are involved
• Don’t rely on the most verbal students to
ascertain understanding
Overarching Guidelines
• Students need 6-20 meaningful exposures to
vocabulary in order to acquire its meaning;
• Students need multiple opportunities to
practice pronunciation
• Students need to be active, independent
learners
As an individual
As an individual
With a partner
As an individual
With a partner
As a class
As an individual
With a partner
As a class
As an individual
4 Skills Formative Assessment
Anticipation Guide
•
•
•
•
Exploits prior knowledge
Helps clarify misconceptions
Allows for student input and discussion
Gives a meaningful purpose for reading and rereading
• Is non-threatening
(Fisher & Frey, 2004; Peregoy & Boyle, 2005)
Activity 1
• Please participate as a student.
• Keep in mind what skills you use.
• Observe the teacher’s behavior.
Facts about the United States
The grizzly bear
The Statue of Liberty
Anticipation Guide:
Facts About the United States
True or False?
My With
In the
Idea Friend Text
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___ 3. The 7 rays on the Statue of Liberty symbolize
the 7 continents of the world.
1. English is the only official language of the
United States.
2. The grizzly bear is California’s official state
animal because it lives near big cities—even
Los Angeles.
Facts about the United States
True or False?
In the
My With
Idea Friend Text
___ ___
___ 1. English is the only official language of the
United States.
___
___
___
2. The grizzly bear is California’s official state
animal because people see them occasionally—
even near big cities.
___
___
___
3. The 7 rays on the Statue of Liberty symbolize
the 7 continents of the world.
Facts about the United States
True or False?
In the
My With
Idea Friend Text
___ ___
___ 1. English is the only official language of the
United States.
___
___
___
2. The grizzly bear is California’s official state
animal because people see them occasionally—
even near big cities.
___
___
___
3. The 7 rays on the Statue of Liberty symbolize
the 7 continents of the world.
Reading statements
Re-reading, speaking,
listening, clarifying
Re-reading,
speaking,
listening,
clarifying
Facts about the United States
True or False?
In the
My With
Idea Friend Text
___ ___
___ 1. English is the only official language of the
United States.
___
___
___
2. The grizzly bear is California’s official state
animal because people see them occasionally—
even near big cities.
___
___
___
3. The 7 rays on the Statue of Liberty symbolize
the 7 continents of the world.
1. English is the only official language
of the United States.
TEXT:
Although English is the most commonly
spoken language in the United States, no
official national language exists.
2. The grizzly bear is California’s official
state animal because people see them
occasionally—even near big cities.
TEXT:
• Even though the grizzly bear is California’s
state animal, none has been seen there since
1922.
3. The 7 rays on the Statue of Liberty symbolize
the 7 continents of the world.
TEXT:
The seven rays on the crown of the Statue of
Liberty represent the seven continents.
Chap 7: Simple Animals
True or False?
In the
My With
Idea Friend Text
___ ___
_F_ 1. English is the only official language of the
United States.
___
___
_F_
2. The grizzly bear is California’s official state
animal because people see them occasionally—
even near big cities. .
___
___
_T_
3. The 7 rays on the Statue of Liberty symbolize
the 7 continents of the world.
Reinforcement
a. is the state animal of
__ 1. There is no
California.
__ 2. Most people speak b. represent the 7
English in the United
continents.
States, but
c. official language in the
United States.
__ 3. The grizzly bear
d. a grizzly bear for many
__ 4. No one has seen
years.
__ 5. The crown on the
e. it isn’t the official
Statue of Liberty
language.
__ 6. The 7 rays
f. has seven rays.
Finally
has
facts
are
official
is
There are many unusual _____ about the
United States. First, there is no _____ language
in the United States. Secondly, the grizzly bear
____ the state animal of California. But nobody
has seen one since 1922! _____, the crown on
the Statue of Liberty ____ 7 rays. The rays ____
symbols of the 7 continents of the world.
List25.com/25-fascinating-facts-about-america/
Anticipation Guide: Procedure
• Choose non-fiction text
• Decide on key concepts and vocabulary that you want to
pre-teach;
• Write 3-4 provocative True/False statements;
• Have Ss commit opinions by documenting True/False;
• Have Ss discuss opinions with another (They can change
their answers if they are convinced!)
• Have a whole-class discussion about each statement. As
the T, be “poker-faced.”
• Have Ss read the text to find the correct answer
(according to the author).
• Review statements and make sure Ss: a) have the correct
answer; b) understand the author’s point.
Anticipation Guide
as Formative Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
What skills are used?
What are the benefits for the teacher?
What are the benefits for the students?
Are there disadvantages?
“Interactive” Graphic Organizers
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Use as pre-, during-, and post-reading activity
Make students active readers
Allow students to see connections to concepts
Support planning
Force re-reading for “close reading”
Offer an opportunity to study
Offer an outline for writing
(Fisher & Frey, 2004; Fisher, Frey, & Lapp, 2012;
Peregoy & Boyle, 2005)
Graphic Organizer: Venn Diagram
Birthdays
Many children have a birthday cake with candles on their
birthday. In some countries, like England and Scotland, there
is another custom, too. There people spank or hit the child on
his/her birthday. This may hurt a little, but they say it is very
lucky for the child. The child must never cry. The custom says
that if you cry, you will cry all year.
The reason for birthday spanks is to make the bad spirits
go away. The harder you spank, the better it is. In Belgium,
another country in Europe, the custom is a little different.
There a parent goes into the child’s bedroom early in the
morning with a needle. As soon as the child wakes up, the
parent pricks the child with the needle. This is for good luck!
Broukal, M. (1994). Weaving it together: Connecting reading and writing). NY:
Thomson Heinle.
Birthday Customs
Country
Custom
Reason
Birthday Customs
Country
Custom
Reason
USA
Cake with
candles
(To
celebrate)
England &
Scotland
Spank the
child
Belgium
Prick the
child w/
needle
To make
bad spirits
go away
Good luck
Birthday Customs
Country
Custom
Reason
USA
Cake with
candles
(To
celebrate)
England &
Scotland
Belgium
Integrate Reading & Writing
1. In the United States, ….
2. In England,….
3. In Belgium, ….
Have Ss give sentences
with visual prompt.
Take prompts away.
Have Ss give
sentences. (It
becomes a game!)
In Thailand, ….
THEN:
Have students write the
sentences as a
review.
“Interactive” Graphic Organizers as
Formative Assessment
1.
2.
3.
4.
What skills are used?
What are the benefits for the teacher?
What are the benefits for the students?
Are there disadvantages?
References
Cauley K.M. & McMillan, J.H. (2010). Formative assessment techniques to
support student motivation and achievement. Clearing House: A Journal of
Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 83(1), 1-6.
Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2007). Checking for understanding: Formative
assessment techniques for your classroom. Alexandria, VA: ASCD.
Fisher, D. & Frey, N. (2004). Improving adolescent literacy: Strategies at work.
Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall.
Fisher, D., Frey, N. & Lapp, D. (2012). Text complexity: Raising rigor in reading.
Newark, DE: ILA.
Harvey, S. & Goudvis, A. (2001). Strategies that work: Teaching
comprehension to enhance understanding. York, ME: Stenhouse
Publishers.
Hattie, J., & Temperley, H. (2007). The power of feedback. Review of
Educational Research, 77(1), 81–112.
Peregoy, S.F. & Boyle, O.F. (2005). (4th Ed.) Reading, writing, and learning in
ESL: A resource book for K-12 teachers. NY: Addison-Wesley Longman.
Roe, B.D., Stoodt-Hill, B.D. & Burns, P.C. (2004). (8th Ed.) Secondary school
literacy instruction: The content areas. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Richardson, J.S. (2000). Read it aloud! Using literature in the secondary
content classroom. Newark, DE: International Reading Association.
Hands-on Activities
(Suggestions)
• For analysis:
– Bring texts, samples of formative activities, test
samples, summative assessments
• For materials development
– Anticipation Guides
– Interactive Graphic Organizers