Industrial Revolution - Center Joint Unified School District
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Transcript Industrial Revolution - Center Joint Unified School District
Industrial
Revolution
Industrial Revolution begins in
Britain
Agricultural Revolution
Enclosures
Crop
Rotation
Jehthro Tull’s Seed Drill
Livestock Breeding
All lead to a population growth
Industrial Revolution begins in
Britain
Great Britain’s advantages
Large
Population
Natural Resources
Water Power / Fuel
Iron Ore
Rivers
Harbors
Expanding
Economy
Banking system / loans for investment
Political
Stability
Britain’s Factors of Production
Factor of
Production
Definition
Example from
textile industry
Inventions / Discoveries
The Flying Shuttle
Inventions / Discoveries
The Spinning Jenny
Inventions / Discoveries
Water Frame
Inventions / Discoveries
Spinning Mule
Inventions / Discoveries
Power Loom
Inventions / Discoveries
Rise of Factories
Inventions / Discoveries
Cotton Gin
Inventions / Discoveries
Steam Engine
Inventions / Discoveries
Steamboat
Inventions / Discoveries
Roads / Turnpikes
Inventions / Discoveries
Rocket
Inventions / Discoveries
Railroad Effects
1. Spurred further Industrial Growth
2. New Jobs created
3. Boosted agriculture and fishing
industries
4. People able to take distant city jobs
5. People able to travel further
distances
Inventions / Discoveries
Thomas Edison
Inventions / Discoveries
Alexander Graham Bell
Inventions / Discoveries
Guglielmo Marconi
Inventions / Discoveries
Henry Ford
Inventions / Discoveries
Wright Brothers
Inventions / Discoveries
Louis Pasteur
Inventions / Discoveries
Joseph Lister
Inventions / Discoveries
Charles Darwin
Inventions / Discoveries
Gregor Mendel
Inventions / Discoveries
Pierre an Marie Curie
Industrialization
By1800s people could earn higher
wages in factories than on farms
1800’s balance shifted from rural
(farms) areas to urban (cities)
1800-1850 large cities more than
doubled
Period known as urbanization
Industrialization
Factories developed in Clusters
London was most important city
Industrial living conditions
No development plans, sanitary codes
or building codes
Lacked adequate housing, education,
and police protection
Unpaved streets, no drains
Dark, dirty shelters. Families living in 1
bedroom
Sickness widespread (cholera)
City life span 17 years
Merchants/Factory owners lived in
suburbs
Industrial Working Conditions
Average work day 14 hours 6 days a
week
Dangers of not well lit, Machine injuries
Coal Mines most dangerous
Many Women/Children worked in Coal
Mines
Class Tensions
New Middle Class formed
Upper
Middle Class= government
employees, doctors, lawyers, factory
managers
Lower middle class=skilled workers
The Working Class
Laborers
Saw
little improvement in their living and
working conditions
Luddites
Positive Effects of
Industrialization
New Jobs
Added Wealth to Nation
Technological Progress and invention
Raised standard of living
Hope of improvement
Life of laborers eventually improved with
labor unions
Long-Term Effects?
Industrialization Spreads
US follows England
Begins
with Textiles
Railroads
Use of Corporations (Rockefeller,
Carnegie)
Continental Europe
Belgium
leads the way
By late 1800’s Germany becomes a
military and industrial giant
Not all European nations industrialized
Impact of Industrialization
Widened the wealth gap between
industrialized and nonindustrialized
countries
Exploitation of overseas colonies
Gave Europe tremendous economic
power
Hardships of early urban workers
Eventual rise of population, health and
wealth
Development of a middle class
Philosophers of Industrialization
Adam Smith
Laissez-Faire Economics
Law of Self-Interest
Law of Supply and Demand
Laid Foundation for Capitalism-
Factors of Production are privately
owned and money is invested business
ventures to make profit
Supported by works of Thomas Malthus
and David Ricardo
Rise of Socialism
Utilitarianism- Jeremy Bentham , John
Stuart Mill
Utopia- Robert Owen
Socialism- Charles Fourier
Factors
of Production owned by
government
Government ownership would end poverty
and promote equality
Marxism: Radical Socialism
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels write
The Communist Manifesto
Society
divided into haves (bourgeoisie) or
have-nots (proletariat)
Predicted eventual overthrow of
bourgeoisie
Classless society would develop
(Communism)
Elimination of Private Property
Labor Unions and Reforms
Union spoke for all workers and
engaged in collective bargaining
If factory owners refused demands,
union members could strike, or refuse to
work
Reform Laws
Factory
reform act of 1833 (child labor)
Hours Act of 1847
Revolutions in the Arts
Romanticism
Reaction against Enlightenment and
Classicism
Key ideas of Romanticism
Emphasize
inner feelings, emotions,
imagination
Focused on mysterious
Cherished folk traditions
Promoted radical change and democracy
Revolutions in the Arts
Romanticism
Romantic Literature
William
Wordsworth
Lord Byron
Victor Hugo
Marry Shelley “Frankenstein”
Music
Ludwig
Van Beethoven
Robert Schuman
Frederick Chopin
Revolutions in the Arts
Realism
Tried to show life as it really was
Photography
Literature
Emile
zola
Charles Dickens
Revolutions in the Arts
Impressionism
Reaction against realism
Use of pure shimmering colors
Famous Painters
Calude
Monet
Edgar Degas
Pierre-Auguste Renoir