Transcript Document

Alcohol
7/17/2015
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Vocabulary
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1. Intoxication – The physical and mental
changes produced by drinking alcohol.
2. Alcohol Poisoning – damage to physical
health caused by drinking too much alcohol
(is a drug over dose, and it can be fatal)
3. Hangover – Headache, dizziness,
stomach upset, nausea, and vomiting.
Body’s water balance and causes the blood
to become more acidic than it normally is
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Setting the stage
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Alcohol is the most commonly used
drug in our society today.
Alcohol is the most frequently found
drug in fatally injured drivers.
All states now enforce a minimum
drinking age of 21.
The effects of alcohol vary from person
to person. However, everyone who
uses alcohol is affected by it to some
degree.
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Alcohol and your body
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Types of Alcoholic Beverages
Fermented plants (grains like barley and
wheat, and fruit)
Types of Alcohol: Beer, Whiskey, Vodka,
Brandy, Liquors, and Gin
Other Alcohols: Ethanol, Wood Alcohol, or
methanol created for other purposes.
NOTE: All of these can be deadly
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Alcohol in your body
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Alcohol is depressant, it slows body
functioning down.
It is absorbed (not digested) directly and
quickly into the bloodstream and flows
quickly to the brain.
Alcohol depresses the ways in which
your Central Nervous System (CNS)
controls your body. The CNS consists of
the brain, and spinal cord which controls
speech, thinking, memory, judgment,
and learning. Also controls emotions,
breathing, sense, and movement
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Alcohol in your body
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At lower levels, affects your mood – feel active
and less shy (relaxed and friendly)
Pleasant feeling (why people drink)
So people drink more because they think it will
make them feel better
Alcohol has the greatest effect on the parts of the
brain that control judgment and reasoning—the
two most critical mental skills needed by drivers.
Physical abilities become impaired soon
afterward.
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Alcohol in the Body
How does your body process alcohol?
Alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream in
the stomach and small intestine. Blood
carries alcohol to every part of the body.
Alcohol in the blood is carried to the liver,
where most of the alcohol is converted to
water and carbon dioxide and eliminated as
waste.
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Judgment and reasoning
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Euphoria- a false feeling of well-being. People
in this state of mind may take chances that they
would not normally take.
CNS becomes more depressed, Sleep, Coma
and even death.
Alcohol weakens a person’s inhibitions, the
inner forces that hold back one’s impulsive
behavior.
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Physical Abilities and Alcohol
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Reaction time slows as it takes the brain
longer to process information.
Alcohol especially affects the reflexes and
reactions of beginning drivers.
Vision may become impaired.
Speech may become slurred and less
meaningful.
Death can occur if a large amount of alcohol
is consumed over a short period of time.
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Immediate Effects
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Blurred vision
Slurred speech
Impairs motor coordination
Increased heart beat
Lowers body temperature
Vomiting
Hangover
Alcohol poisoning (death)
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Alcohol in the Body
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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)- the
amount of alcohol in the blood.
The level of intoxication is determined by
the % of alcohol in the bloodstream.
What is the legal BAC limit in Minnesota?
Each drink adds about 0.02 – 0.03% to a
person’s BAC.
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Factors Affecting BAC
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Amount of alcohol consumed.
Amount of time over which a given amount of alcohol is
consumed.
Person’s body weight.
Alcohol is absorbed into the body very quickly but is very slow
to leave. The type and amount of food in the stomach has very
little effect on the absorption of alcohol.
The absorption rate is faster when alcohol is mixed with
carbonated beverages.
Genetic Vulnerability
Tolerance levels (drinking history)
Gender
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Factors Affecting BAC
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The body rids itself of alcohol at a rate of
about ¾ of a standard drink an hour.
It takes the body about 1 ½ hours to rid
itself of one drink. (3 drinks in an hour
would take about 4 ½ hours to be oxidized)
Only time can reduce the body’s BAC and
that person’s degree of impairment.
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Myths/Truths About Alcohol
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I can sober up by drinking black coffee,
taking a cold shower, or doing exercises.
One little drink won’t hurt me.
I will not be affected because I am only
drinking beer.
I can drive better after a few drinks.
A young person cannot become a
problem drinker.
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Immediate Effects of
Alcohol
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As intoxication increases, so do alcohol’s effects, and
thinking clearly becomes impossible
As BAC rises, you become less likely to see risks or
predict possible harmful consequences. Meaning you
become less alert and less aware of what is going on
around you.
Risk of drinking; Drinking leads to short-term illness,
such as headaches and vomiting. Alcohol use also
leads to more serious problems such as violence, motor
vehicle accidents, and property damage
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Individual Reactions to
Alcohol
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Alcohol can change your mood quickly. These
mood swings can play a major role in causing
arguments, injuries, and violence
Have an agreement with parents that if you have
been drinking and want a ride that you can call
them without any questions asked at that time.
Refuse to ride with drivers who have been
drinking.
Work to keep others from driving when they have
been drinking.
Appoint someone to be a designated driver.
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Vocabulary
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Tolerance is a condition in which a person
needs more of a drug to feel the original effects
of the drug. Tolerance may lead to alcohol
abuse.
Alcohol Abuse is the inability to drink in
moderation or at appropriate time. Alcohol
abuse happens whenever drinking interferes
with your health or well being or keeps you from
handling your responsibilities
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, a group of birth defects
that affect an unborn baby that has been
exposed to alcohol
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Long-Term effects of Alcohol
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Cirrhosis is a deadly disease that replaces
healthy liver tissue with useless scar tissue
Liver is the primary organ in the body that
removes alcohol from the body, so it has the
most contact with the damaging effects of
alcohol
A young person’s brain is still developing, so
alcohol may cause permanent brain damage.
A young person may not have as much
experience handling alcohol, and might
abuse alcohol more than an adult
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Stages of Cirrhosis
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Long Term Effects on the
Body
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Brain damage
Heart disease
Stomach ulcers
Liver disease “cirrhosis”
Osteoporosis
Muscle Weakness
Weight gain
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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A group of birth defects that affect an unborn baby
that has been exposed to alcohol is
A mother who drinks during her pregnancy may harm
the nervous system and organs of the developing
fetus.
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Mental Retardation
Organ abnormalities
Learning and behavioral problems
Any woman who is or thinks she may be pregnant
should abstain from alcohol-there isno known safe
level of alcohol during prgnancy
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
A woman who drinks
alcohol when she is
pregnant may cause
permanent damage
to her developing
baby. Babies born
with FAS suffer from
a group of birth
defects that may
include physical and
mental problems.
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Making Responsible Decisions
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1. Know when a decision is needed.
2. Consider the choices.
3. Consider the consequences and ask yourself these
questions:
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Is it legal?
Is it safe?
What would my parents and other family members think?
Does it show respect for myself and others?
4. Decide which choice is best.
5. Evaluate your decision to know if it was a responsible
decision.
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Alcohol Driving and
Injuries
Penalties for Conviction
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May be one or more of the following:
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Suspension or revocation of license
Payment of a fine
Serving a prison term
The most common penalty is the
suspension of the license for a period
of time.
The penalty is greater if someone is injured
or killed or if you are a repeat offender.
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Tests for Intoxication
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Breath test is a widely used and simple analysis.
Intoxilyzer- machine to measure BAC.
Field Sobriety Testing- a series of on-the-spot,
roadside tests that include a variety of coordination
tests and eye checks. (i.e., horizontal-gaze
nystagmus test that checks for the involuntary jerking
of the eyes as a person gazes to the side; the dividedattention test that checks heel to toe walking and
counting the number of steps at the same time.)
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Pressure to drink & Deciding not
to Drink
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Teen may drink because they are curious about
alcohol, they want to fit in, or they are influenced by
advertisements
Advertisements show alcohol as being glamorous
but do not give any of the facts about alcohols
harmful effects on the body.
External pressure to drink also come from seeing
people drinking in different places and situations
such as at parties, sporting events, family
gatherings, and restaurants.
When you’re around people who drink
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Car accidents are the major cause of teenage deaths
(ages 13-19) in the U.S.
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Four teenagers died in this
alcohol related accident.
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Alcohol: A Danger for Teens
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Nearly 50% of all teen suicide victims drank
alcohol at the time of their death.
Drinking alcohol is the leading factor in
unplanned pregnancies and sexually
transmitted diseases.
About 1/3 of crimes committed by youth are
related to alcohol consumption.
Almost 1/3 of all traffic deaths involving
people under 25 are related to alcohol.
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Please never get in a car
when you or someone
else has been drinking!
Talk to your parents.
In case this happens you
know what to do.
Don’t be a statistic.
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Friends
Don’t Let
Friends
Drink
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Alcoholism
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Alcoholism is a disease in which a person is
physically and emotionally addicted to
alcohol
Physical Dependence is the body’s Chemical
need for a drug
Psychological Dependence is a person’s
emotional or mental need for a drug
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Alcoholism
A physical and
mental need for
alcohol that turns
into a progressive
and chronic disease.
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Warning signs
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Loss of interest in school, sports, or other activities
Uncharacteristic withdrawal from family, friends, or
interests
Heightened secrecy about actions or possessions
Association with a new group of friends who drink
Smell of alcohol on breath or sudden, frequent use of
breath mints
Association with older crowd
Association with known alcohol users
Getting upset easily and experiencing frequent
changes in emotions.
Defiance towards parents and other adults
Skipped classes or days of school
Getting into trouble in school
Change in appearance or hygiene
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