Transcript Traditional Knowledge

International Conclave on
Traditional Medicine
Breakaway Session
Traditional Knowledge
Protection and IPR Issues
(17th November, 2006)
Mr. V K Gupta
Director, NISCAIR, New Delhi
Elements of Sui-generis for
TK Protection
• Definition of IP adopted in Stockholm
Convention (art 2.8), 1967
• “Intellectual property’ shall include the rights
relating to inventions in all fields of human
endeavour, literary, artistic and scientific
works, performances of performing artist,
phonograms, and broadcasts, scientific
discoveries, and industrial designs
• Inventions are not limited to S&T innovations
alone, cover all fields of human endeavour
including TK, TCE & Genetic Resources
Inadequacy of existing IPRs for
TK Protection
• Can not prevent misappropriation
• TK is holistic
– Positive protection need fragmentation
• Cost & affordability
Existing Scenario
• Inter Governmental Committee on
Intellectual Property Rights, Genetic
Resources,
Traditional Knowledge &
• Sui-generis
elements
Folklore (IGC)
•• Zero
cost/minimal
cost
Convention
on Biological
Diversity
•• Ownership
dispute
through opposition
Draft Legal
Instrument
for SAARC
Countries on protection of Traditional
• National/Regional
Knowledge
•• Fair
and just
benefit
throughof
market
Sui-gen
eris
protection
Traditional
mechanism
akin
to Patent
Knowledge
under
thesystem
Peruvian Law
• Portugal Sui-generis Legislation for the
protection of Traditional Knowledge
• Costo Rica Law-Decree No. 7788
CBD & TRIPS
• Granting of IPRs (TK & GR)
– Indication of source of origin
– Prior Informed Consent
– Evidence of Benefit Sharing
• Relationship between TRIPS
& TK (Doha declaration),
Submission to WTO
• EU approach on indication of
source of origin
IGC – Developments – Draft
(TK Protection)
• Policy objectives (16)
–
–
–
–
Respect, Recognition
TK Conservation & preservation, TK holder
PIC & ABS
TK & TCE linkages
• Core principles (9)
–
–
–
–
Need & Expectations
Recognition
Customary laws
Specificity of TK
• Substantive Principles (14)
–
–
–
–
–
Misappropriation
Scope, Eligibility
Beneficiary, PIC & ABS
Duration of Protection
International and Regional Protection
SAARC Legal Framework (Draft)
• Registration and setting up of
Licensing mechanism
• Protection for open domain TK
databases
• Defensive protection and faster
invalidation of wrong Patent
• Customary Laws
Peruvian Law
• Registration & Licensing
• National Public Registrar of
Collective Knowledge of Indigenous
people.
• National Confidential Register of
Collective Knowledge of Indigenous
people
• Local Register for Collective
Knowledge of Indigenous people.
Thanks
Case Shaman Tribe Fable
— Cost of Protection (US $)
Knowledge/Innovations
1.
2.
1.
2.
IPR
National
International
India
US
EU
JAPAN
TOTAL
Method of
preparation and
usage of
‘Potion’
Vase for any
technical feature
Patent/
Utility Model
1400
9000
2,02,695
35,250
2,47,043
Performance of
prayer
Garments of
Paje’s
Copyright
10
1000
No fee
No fee
1100
Case Shaman Tribe Fable
— Cost of Protection (US $)
Knowledge/Innovations
1.
2.
1.
IPR
National
India
US
EU
JAPAN
TOTAL
1200
1216
3225
5671
Vase used in
preparation ‘Potion’
Ceremonial
Garments of ‘Page’s
Design
100
Plant used in potion
subjected to certain
requirements
New Plant
Variety
Protection
Act
NA
TOTAL ($)
International
1510
15000
(approx.)
13240
2,03,911
38,475
2,68,000