DO NOW AND LEARNING GOAL

• • Do Now: Please write down today’s learning goal into your notebook. Be sure to label your notes chapter 20.2 PowerPoint (PPT) notes.

Goal: By the end of today’s class I will be able to identify who discovered the St. Lawrence Waterway and explain its importance to the development of the United States as we know it today.

CHAPTER 20.2

EUROPEAN NATIONS SETTLE NORTH AMERICA

Competing Empires

• • • England, France, Netherlands (Dutch) Euro countries ignore Treaty of Tordesillas Eng., Fr., and Dt. can’t find route to Asia – instead North America

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New France and Explorers

Giovanni da Verrazzano – New York Harbor Jacques Courtier – entrance into the mid-section of today’s United States – East coast of Canada and St. Lawrence River – Montreal Samuel de Champlain – Quebec (New France) Jacques Marquette (Jesuit) and Louis Joliet – upper Great Lakes and Mississippi River Valley Sieur de La Salle – lower Mississippi River Valley - Louisiana

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Importance of the St. Lawrence

Without the St. Lawrence, the history and culture of North America would be drastically different.

The river allowed European settlers to cut through dense wilderness and swamps.

The river joined huge land-locked lakes (The Great Lakes) and made travel, trade and expansion possible. Its effects were also damaging.

– Decimated native populations and served as the central artery for bitter colonial and continental wars.

Chicago became the Chicago we know today http://archives.cbc.ca/on_this_day/04/26/

Immense Empire

• New France (NF) expansive but sparsely populated • Unlike English, the French had little desire to build and stay • Priests (for conversion purposes) and young single men out for one thing • No – not what you’re thinking • Fur Trading and money

The British are Coming…

• • • • London investors receive permission from King James • 3 ships and 100 settlers arrive in Jamestown, Virginia (1607) Disastrous start. Settlers more interested in finding gold than planting food 7/10 died in a variety of ways Tobacco ! European demand creates a profitable cash crop

Do Now and Learning Goal

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Goal

: By the end of class you will be able to explain the diffusion of European power through what is now the United States. This links to 20.2 Objective #1.

Do Now

– Explain why the opening of the St. Lawrence Waterway was vital to the formation of the United States as we know it today.

– Identify 3 reasons why the waterway was opened and 3 effects of its opening.

Plymouth’s Pilgrims

• • • 1620: Pilgrims founded English Colony – Plymouth seeking religious freedom • 1630: Puritans seek religious freedom from England’s Anglican Church Who founded the Anglican Church?

Puritans create larger colony along Massachusetts Bay

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The Dutch

Henry Hudson (sails west for Netherlands) Searching for Asia Explores 3 waterways: Hudson River, Hudson Bay , and Hudson Strait Dutch claim land along waterways: New Netherlands Dutch have trouble attracting settlers Encourage other Europeans: Germans , French, Scandinavians

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The Caribbean

French: Haiti, Guadeloupe, and Martinique English: Barbados and Jamaica Dutch: Antilles and Aruba (from Spain)

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Struggle for North America

New Netherlands separated the northern and southern British colonies Duke of York given permission to oust the Dutch Claims land for England: New York English empire now includes Atlantic coast from Maine to Georgia

England vs. France • • • • • England collides with France’s holdings further west.

1754 dispute over land in Ohio Valley leads to French and Indian War (Seven Years’ War) England and France war in Europe, West Indies, and India French surrender North American holdings (1763) British seize control of Eastern half of North America

Do Now

1. Why was the presence of families such a crucial factor in the success of a settlement?

2. Compare and contrast French and Dutch colonies and the reaction of each to English Expansion.

3. How did the colonies at Jamestown and Masachusetts Bay differ?

Responses

• • • • Larger population = more power and stable lifestyle Both settled along waterways, fur trade for income. Difference: vast French empire – small Dutch – Dutch caught b/t English choose to surrender – French fight fiercely for vast empire Jamestown: single males seeking financial gain Mass. Bay: numerous families seeking religious freedom

Native Americans Respond

• French and Dutch are cooperative with Indians – For the most part – Dutch did fight over land claims and trading rights • • Fur trade allowed for cooperation British fought religion – Irony?

– Indians thought of as heathens – Puritans: Indians are agents of the devil • British fought over land – Pushed Indians off land for population and tobacco

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Death comes to Settlers

• Powhatan tribe attacks villages around Jamestown Settlers strike back massacring Powhatan tribe King Philip's War:

Metacom (known as

King Philip) attacks villages throughout Mass.

Disease Continues

• • Smallpox wipes out populations Effects of disease – Shortage of labor in colonies – African slaves • Video Summary – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zqshVLfTFA4&fe ature=related