Transcript Insect Orders (new) - in blue

Entomology 101
Orders of Insects II
David J. Shetlar, Ph.D.
The “BugDoc”
The Ohio State University,
OARDC & OSU Extension
Columbus, OH
© Sept, 2009, D.J. Shetlar, all rights reserved
Orders of Insects
(complete metamorphosis)
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Coleoptera – beetles
Neuroptera - dobsonfly, lacewings
Hymenoptera - sawflies , bees,
wasps
Tricoptera - caddisflies
Lepidoptera - butterflies & moths
Siphonaptera - fleas
Diptera - gnats, mosquitoes, flies
Order Coleoptera (=sheath wing)
beetles
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Largest order in animal kingdom
Chewing mouthparts
Complex metamorphosis
4 wings
Forewings (elytra) are hardened, opaque,
meet in the midline of back
• Feed on plants, organic matter, stored
products; or predatory
Coleoptera (sheath wing)
(beetles & weevils; >300K spp.)
[front wings shelllike, usually covering abdomen; hind
wings membranous, folded under forewings; antennae
variable, but evident; chewing mouthparts; larvae
variously shaped - elongate, grublike, etc.]
Ground beetle
Passalid beetle
Ground
beetle larva
Coleoptera
(beetles & weevils; >300K spp.)
Lady beetle
Rove beetle
May/June
beetle
Bluegrass billbug adult & larva
Cicada Parasite Beetle
“Caterpillar Hunter” – a ground beetle
Stag beetle
“Lighteningbug” or “Firefly” – Lampyrid beetle
Longhorn beetle
Emerald Ash Borer
Acorn weevil
Lady Beetle
life stages:
egg, larva,
pupa & adult
Bluegrass billbug life stages
Japanese beetle life stages
Order Neuroptera (=nerve wing)
lacewings & dobsonflies, antlions, owlflies
• Wings
• Membranous, 2 pairs
• Approximately equal size
• Many veins & cross-veins
• Chewing mouthparts, sometimes larvae
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with sucking mandibles
Complex metamorphosis
Members of interest are predators
Neuroptera (=nerve wing)
(dobsonfly, lacewings, antlions; 5.5K spp.)
[two pair wings with numerous veins, elongate larvae with
elongate mandibles, larvae & adults usually predatory]
Green
lacewing
adult
Larva
Eggs
Cocoon
Owlfly
Dobsonfly
Mantisfly
Snakefly
Brown Lacewing
Antlion pits, larva
(=doodlebug) & adult
Order Hymenoptera
(=marriage wing)
bees, wasps, sawflies, ants
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Wings:
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4 membranous wings
Hind pair smaller than front pair
Pairs attached by row of small hooks
Bees, wasps, & ants have second
abdominal segment constricted & narrow;
i.e. effect of “wasp-waist”
Sawflies have broadly joined thorax &
abdomen
Order Hymenoptera
bees, wasps, sawflies, ants
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Chewing or chewing/lapping mouthparts
Complex metamorphosis
Many beneficial
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Parasitoids, predators
Pollinators
Produce honey, beeswax
Some plant feeders
Some members sting; nuisance
Many with complex social habits
Hymenoptera (=married wing)
(bees, wasps, sawflies; 115K spp.)
[front wings large, hind wings smaller, both membraneous;
chewing mouthparts; some with stings - modified
ovipositors; larvae caterpillar-like, sawflies; or maggot-like]
Redheaded pine sawfly
adult, larvae, & pupae
Hymenoptera
(bees, wasps, sawflies; 115K spp.)
Aphid wasp
parasitizing
aphid
Yellowjacket wasp
Ichneumonid
wasp attacking
wood-boring
larva
Acrobat ants
Carpenter Bee
Cocoo Wasp
Trigonalyid Wasp
Special
Parasitic
Wasps
Dryinid Wasp
Paper or Umbrella Wasps - Polistes
Order Trichoptera (=hair wing)
caddisflies
• Adult mothlike, but no scales on wings,
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just hairs
Wings folded roof-like over body
Larvae somewhat caterpillar-like, but
aquatic
Larvae often make cases of sand,
small pebbles, or plant material
Trichoptera (hair wing)
(caddisflies; >7K spp.)
[mothlike adults but no scales on wings; front wings
narrow, often covered with hairs; larvae caterpillar-like
and aquatic]
Order Lepidoptera (=scale wing)
moths & butterflies
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Shingle-like scales on wings
4 wings, often colorful
Complex metamorphosis
Mouthparts
• Chewing in larva
• Sucking (siphoning) or none in adults
• Proboscis in butterflies: coiled siphon
Order Lepidoptera
moths & butterflies
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Larvae (caterpillars) have 2 to 5 prolegs on
abdomen
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Larvae feed on plants, stored products
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Some adults beneficial as pollinators
Butterflies have threadlike antennae with a
knob, moths have threadlike or feathery
antennae
Lepidoptera (scale wing)
(butterflies, moths, caterpillars; 150K spp.)
[front and hind wings generally covered with scales;
adult mouthparts a sucking tube, larvae have chewing
mouthparts and prolegs on abdomen]
Red admiral butterfly
Cranberry
girdler moth
Luna moth
Armyworm moth
wing & close-up
Skipper Butterfly
Polyphemus moth (one of the giant silkworm moths)
Buckeye butterfly (go Bucks!)
Black swallowtail butterfly
& larva (parsleyworm)
Fiery skipper butterfly – adult, egg, larva & pupa in cocoon
Order Siphonaptera
(sucking wingless)
fleas
• Body: small, hard, laterally
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compressed
Wingless
Prominent beak
Mouthparts:
• Piercing/sucking in adult
• Chewing in larva
Order Siphonaptera
fleas
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Complex metamorphosis
Larvae feed on organic matter
Adults suck blood
Adults transmit disease
Siphonaptera (sucking wingless)
(fleas; 2.4K spp.)
[wingless, extoparasitic adults; laterally compressed;
jumping hind legs; larvae have chewing mouthparts
and resemble midge larvae]
Cat flea adult and larva
Order Diptera (two wing)
true flies
• Mouthparts:
• Sucking: modified piercing/ sucking,
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sponging, lapping, slashing in adult
Modified chewing in larva
• One pair wings, on mesothorax
• Metathorax has 1 pair of small, knobbed
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appendages (halteres)
Occasionally wingless
Order Diptera
flies
• Complex metamorphosis
• Feed on plants, organic matter,
stored products, vertebrates; or
predators
• Transmit animal diseases
Diptera (two wing)
(flies, midges, mosquitoes; >150K spp.)
[front wings membranous; hind wings reduced to
small balance organ - haltere; mouthparts piercingsucking or sponging sucking; larvae wireworm shaped
or maggots with chewing or rasping mouthparts]
Mosquito
House fly
Moth fly
Diptera
(flies, midges, mosquitoes; >150K spp.)
Fruit fly
Hover fly adult (on flower), eggs near aphids and larva eating aphids