Transcript Flexicurity in the Danish labour market

Flexicurity and the Danish labour
market
Facts and figures
The three elements of flexicurity
Many job openings
Flexible labour
market
High level
of compensation
Unemployment
insurance system
SOURCE: Madsen (2001)
The ”learnfare”
model
Active labour
market policy
Unemployment
Per cent
12
12
10
10
EU 15
8
Denmark
8
USA
6
6
4
4
Japan
2
2
0
0
95
96
97
98
99
00
01
02
SOURCE: OECD (Employment Outlook, 2008).
03
04
05
06
07
Employment Security
Scale from 1-10 – the higher the number the more secure, 2001
10
8
10
(3,9)
(4,8)
(3,9)
(7,0)
(8,4)
(7,7)
(8,2)
(4,4)
(5,3)
(6,8)
(9,4)
(8,6)
(7,7)
(8,9)
8
6
6
4
4
2
2
0
0
DK
AT
NL
SE
DE
FI
BE
IE
UK
IT
FR
NOTE: Figures in brackets are unemployment rates in 2006.
SOURCE: CEPS (2004) and Eurostat.
ES
PT
GR
Is Globalization a Threat or an Opportunity?
Globalisation represents a threat
Globalisation represents an opportunity
100
100
50
50
0
0
-50
-50
-100
-100
DK SE NL EE UK IE
FI
IT ES DE PT BE AT GR FR
SOURCE: The European Commission Special Eurobarometer,
The Future of Europe, May 2006.
Low job tenure in Denmark
Average job tenure, years
12
12
10
10
8
8
6
6
4
4
EU
FR
BE
LU
IT
PT
NL
DE
SE
EL
FI
AT
SK
CZ
PL
NO
HU
CH
ES
IE
DK
UK
IS
US
SOURCE: OECD (2004) and Eurostat (2005).
Labour Market Regulation by law
Index, the lower the number the less regulation, 2003
4
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
0
UK
IE
DK
AT
IT
SOURCE: OECD, 2004.
FI
NL
BE
DE
SE
GR
FR
ES
PT
Regulation by law and Unemployment
Unemployment, per cent 2003
12
12
ES
GR
FI
9
IT
DE
BE
US
6
DK
UK
IE
3
FR
9
Estimated line
PT
6
SE
JP
AT
NL
3
0
0
0
1
2
3
4
Employment regulation index 2003
NOTE: A high number reflects tight regulations.
SOURCE: OECD (2004).
Flexibility in Wage Setting
Per cent of employees where wages are negotiated
Centrally
Locally, but minimum
wage centrally negotiated
4
34
62
1989
NOTE: DA/LO area.
SOURCE: DA.
Locally
16
23
61
2006
Participation in Continuing Education
Per cent of employed, 2003
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
IT
HU
GR
ES
PT
PL
NL
IE
CZ
LU
DE
BE
SK
FR
AT
CA
UK
CH
FI
US
DK
SE
NOTE: Covers non-formal job-related continuing education and training
over the previous 12 months.
SOURCE: OECD (2006).
Educational Attainment
Per cent of labour force (25-64 year-olds) with higher education
Israel
Canada
Japan
Korea
Belgium
USA
Finland
Sweden
Ireland
Norway
Spain
Australia
UK
Denmark
France
Netherlands
Iceland
Switzerland
Luxembourg
New Zealand
Germany
Israel
Canada
USA
Japan
Finland
Sweden
Belgium
Denmark
Norway
Australia
Ireland
Netherlands
Korea
UK
Spain
Switzerland
Iceland
Germany
Luxembourg
France
New Zealand
60
50
40
30
2004
20
10
SOURCE: OECD and the UN.
0
10
20
30
40
2020
50
60
People on public benefits
1,000 people, 2006
Unemployed
Employable
Job training,
rehabilitation, etc.
Parental leave
Sickness benefit
Early retirement (including
65-66 year old pensioners)
Social assistance
Less
employable
Flexjob (active and inactive)
Disability pension
0
50
SOURCE: Statistics Denmark.
100
150
200
250
Expenditure on Labour Market Measures
Per cent of GDP, 2005
Active measures
Total measures
SOURCE: OECD (Employment Outlook, 2007).
KR
US
CZ
JP
UK
NZ
CA
AU
IE
NO
0
CH
0
PT
1
AT
1
ES
2
FR
2
SE
3
FI
3
GE
4
NL
4
BE
5
DK
5
The Danish Pension System
Individual
pensions
Labour market
supplementary pensions
Public old age pension and supplementary
mandatory pension scheme (ATP)