Transcript New Ideas for a New Century

Ireland Post 1900
Leaving Cert History
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Poor family
A printer
Joined Gaelic League and IRB
Believed in ‘inclusive nationalism’.
Nationalism a commitment to Ireland.
Went to work in South Africa for a
year
Returned 1898 and founded ‘The
United Irishman’ newspaper
(anniversary of 1798) to express
republican views.
Many writers of the cultural revival
contributed to the newspaper.
1900 set up Cumann na nGaedheal
to spread cultural nationalism Griffith
scorned Irish anglophiles.
• He was annoyed at the Home Rule
Party for dumping Parnell.
• 1900 set up Cumann na
nGaedheal to spread cultural
nationalism.
• He realised that most Irish people
were not looking for a republic
and looked for other ways.
• 1904 ‘The Resurrection of Hungary’
• Griffith adapted this to Ireland:
• Irish MPs would withdraw and
together with County Councils set up a
Council of 300 that would peacefully
replace the British government.
• A Dual Monarchy to appease unionists
and ease British security fears.
Economic Views:
• German economist Frederick List
espoused protectionism and it had worked
in Bismarck’s Germany.
• This would have damaged big industries
like brewing and shipbuilding but was
popular with small business. Unionists not
impressed.
• A very good name. Self reliance
Aims:
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Withdrawal from Westminster
A national bank and Stock Exchange to finance industry
A merchant navy
A ‘buy Irish’ campaign
• First party to accept women as full members
• Looked promising in 1908 but then Home Rule got going in 1909 and the IRB
became the organisation of Republicanism and support for Sinn Fein nearly
died out.
• Only the name remained important.
• Griffith was almost bankrupt but persevered turning down better jobs.
• Postponed his marriage for 15 years.
• Then the ‘Sinn Fein Rebellion’ happened
• Middle class Catholic journalist.
• Invented the terms ‘Irish Ireland’, ‘West Briton’
and ‘Seonin’ (little John Bull)
• 1905 started weekly newspaper ‘The Leader’.
Good articles made it a financial success.
• Supported cultural nationalism and ‘buy Irish’
• Criticised the writers of the Irish Literary
movement for using Irish culture to become
popular in England.
• Criticised corruption in the Home Rule Party
• Opposed republicanism.
• A bitter rival of Griffith
• Believed that the Irish language and
Catholicism were marks of Irishness.
• Wanted the language to insulate us from ‘evil’
English ideas.
• Moran’s ideas were popular among educated middle class
Catholics who resented the fact that banks, big business and
good government jobs were in Protestant hands.
• 1902 he helped to found ‘The Catholic Association’ to highlight
this discrimination but it failed.
• D.P. Moran did a lot to alienate unionists. Easy to conclude
Home Rule = Rome Rule.
• 1908 ‘Ne Temere’ by Pius X forbade mixed marriages unless
children were raised Catholic. Also damaged relations with
Protestants.
• Had died out after the Phoenix Park murders and Parnell
achievements.
• The cultural revival helped to revive it.
• Denis McCullough and Bulmer Hobson from Belfast set up the
Dungannon Clubs. These were discussion groups.
• Sean MacDiarmada cycled around the country recruiting young men
into the IRB
• 1909 Hobson and Countess Markieviec set up The Fianna boyscouts.
• Hobson set up the Irish Freedom newspaper.
• By 1912 these young men of action controlled the Supreme Council
• They wanted a small, well-disciplined secret organisation that
infiltrated other bigger organisations (Sinn Fein, GAA, Gaelic League
and Irish Volunteers.
• Women’s status
• Up to 1860s once a woman married, her
husband got her wealth and control of the
children
• Not many girls Secondary schools and no
woman attended university up to 1880s
• No vote
• Work in the home not recognised
• Very few jobs for women in Ireland.
• Opportunities
• Emigrate
• Married women, usually protestant, did
charity work
• Nuns
• Isabella Tod in Belfast and Anna Haslam in Dublin campaigned for
property rights along with campaigners in Britain. By 1882 women had these
rights.
• Both these women worked to improve women’s education.
• 1871 Tod set up the ‘Northern Ireland Society for Women’s Suffrage’ but
achieved little by her death in 1896.
• Haslam and her husband did the same in Dublin.
• Both women were speaking to a largely Protestant audience.
Todd
Haslam