Transcript THE INTERWAR PERIOD - Jefferson Forest High School

Totalitarianism
WHII.11c
Discussion Question
• What are some choices that you make on a daily
basis
• How would you feel about a government that
decides which musicians you could hear or
movies you could watch?
These types of governments are called
totalitarian governments, which grew in Italy and
Germany in the years following WWI.
THE RISE OF
TOTALITARIANISM DURING
THE INTERWAR PERIOD
• Poor economic conditions created by the Great
Depression led to unstable political
conditions throughout the world
• One result of the depression was the rise of
totalitarian dictators around the world.
Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, Japan, and China
Totalitarianism – the government controls all facets of
the lives of everyone
Italy during the Interwar Period
• In Italy as elsewhere the aftermath of WWI took
a toll on the people.
– Italy’s Constitutional Monarch under Victor Emanuel II
was unable to deal with the economic and social
issues.
• The only person in Italy that seemed to have
answers was a young Newspaperman named
Benito Mussolini who had organized a new
political party called the Fascist Party.
Fascism in Italy
• Benito Mussolini- “Il Duce”
• Fascist Party
– Militaristic, Nationalistic, anti-communist
• Oct. 1922 Fascists met in Rome to prevent
“Communist Revolution”
– Mussolini appointed Leader
• Invaded Ethiopia to restore the “Glory of
Rome” and establish new Italian empire in
Africa
Italy Under Mussolini
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Government suspended liberties
Opposing parties disbanded
Strikes Outlawed
Secret Police (“Black Shirts”)
Corporatism- representation determined
by area of economic activity
Video
GERMANY DURING
THE INTERWAR
PERIOD
• The Treaty of Versailles worsened economic
and political conditions in Europe and led to
the rise of a totalitarian regime in Germany
• Adolf Hitler seized control of Germany and
rebuilt the country stronger than ever
REASONS HITLER WAS
ABLE TO RISE TO
POWER
• Economic inflation and depression
• Weak democratic governments
• Rise of nationalism in Germany
ECONOMIC INFLATION
AND DEPRESSION
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Printed too much money to pay debts
High inflation
Made money worth very little
Psychological trauma of losing WWI
Acceptance of the Treaty of Versailles
• Hitler received support from the German
people because he promised to improve
Germany’s economy
WEAK DEMOCRATIC
GOVERNMENT
• The Allied Powers, after WWI, help created a
democratic government in Germany
• The Weimar Republic - A common name for the
democratic government of Germany between the abdication of
Kaiser Wilhelm II and the assumption of power by Adolf Hitler in
1933; accepted provisions of the Treaty of Versailles
RISE OF NATIONALISM IN
GERMANY DURING THE
INTERWAR PERIOD
• Extreme nationalism surfaced in Germany
under Hitler’s leadership
Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle), an anti-Semite
(anti-Jewish) book
Hitler blamed German Jews for the weak German
economy
• Hitler formed a political party called National
Socialism {NAZISM} (extreme nationalism)
• National Socialism was Germany’s form of
fascism
Video
Nazi’s In Power
• 1933 Hitler became Chancellor of Germany
• Turned Germany into a police state
• Banned unions, opposition newspapers and
political parties
• Secret police- “Gestapo”
• Persecuted “inferior” races
– Kristallnacht “Night of Broken Glass”
• Promised “Third Reich”
• Created Rome-Berlin Axis with Italy
German Aggression
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Rearmament 1934
March into the Rhineland 1936
Annexation of Austria 1938
Annexation of Sudetenland in
Czechoslovakia 1938
• Invasion of Poland 1939
• England and France declare war on Germany
(Sept 1939)
UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLICS
• In 1922 the Communists renamed Russia
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
U.S.S.R. or the Soviet Union
Dictatorship in U.S.S.R.
• 1924- Lenin dies
– Trotsky and Stalin fight for power
– Stalin wins, Trotsky exiled
• 1928 Stalin ends NEP, reinstates
communism or a command economy
– Economic system in which the government
makes all economic decisions
POLICIES OF STALIN
• Collectivization of farms
Gov’t controlled all farms
and their production
• Actually decreased
production
• Millions die from starvation
• State industrialization
All industrial businesses
were own and operated
by the government
• Entrenchment of
Communism
To fix firmly or securely
• Secret police force KGB
 Used to control and
intimidate the people
• 5 year plans
Government planned
production of Industry and
Agriculture
• Atheism
The official “religion” of
the Soviet Union
• Purges
WHAT ARE PURGES?
• to rid of whatever is impure or undesirable; cleanse;
purify.
• to rid, clear, or free (usually fol. by of or from): to
purge a political party of disloyal members.
• Frequent purges of political and military officials
were common in the Soviet Union
• To maintain totalitarianism, Stalin would remove or
purge rivals that he thought could threaten his
leadership.
Uncle Joe
Uncle Joe??
Joseph Stalin Part 1
Joseph Stalin Part 2
Joseph Stalin Part 3
JAPAN DURING THE
INTERWAR PERIOD
• Japan was under the leadership of their Prime
Minister General Hideki Tojo
• Emperor Hirohito was the symbolic leader of the
nation.
• Japan’s form of totalitarianism had an added element
of militarism
Hideki Tojo
Emperor
Hirohito
IMPERIALISM IN JAPAN
DURING THE INTERWAR
PERIOD
• Because of the I.R., Japanese industries
needed more raw materials than Japan itself
could provide
• After WWI, the imperialist policies of Japan
were based on the desire to obtain resources
for manufacturing
• Japanese imperialism led to Japanese
invasion
– Japan attempted to solve some economic problems
by invading other countries
– Manchuria (1st), Korea, and rest of China
Video
Lenin vs. Stalin Double Bubble