Transcript Disruptive Technology - Northern Illinois University

Disruptive Technology
• How can a company like Polaroid go
bankrupt?
• Digital Darwinism – implies that
organizations which cannot adapt to the
new demands placed on them for
surviving in the information age are
doomed to extinction
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Disruptive Versus Sustaining
Technology
• What do steamboats, transistor
radios, and Intel’s 8088 processor all
have in common?
– Disruptive technology – a new way of doing
things that initially does not meet the needs of
customers
– Sustaining technology – produces an
improved product customers are eager to buy
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The Internet – Business Disruption
• One of the biggest forces changing business is
the Internet
• Organizations must be able to transform as
markets, economic environments, and
technologies change
• Focusing on the unexpected allows an
organization to capitalize on the opportunity for
new business growth from a disruptive
technology
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The Internet
• Network of Networks, established in 1969 by
U. S. Defense Dept. for research.
• Number of users doubling each year for most
of middle to late 90s. Now doubles about
every two years. “.com” s have taken over.
• No central authority, originally for nuclear
disaster reasons. Taxes, gambling, etc.?
• E-mail, Usenet, FTP, telnet: WWW has all of
these.
What is the Internet?
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A Physical Entity...
a collection of thousands of computer networksserver
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What is the Internet?
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Recognized Standards (TCP/IP)
protocols for transferring information across
various computer platforms
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IBM
Windows
Apple
Talk
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Vax VMS
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IBM VM/CMS
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How many Users?
• 147 Million as of 9/98, 195 million as of 8/99,
378 million as of 9/00, 580 million as of 5/02,
1.08 billion as of 2005, 1.83 billion as of 2010
(www.clickz.com, then click on “stats” and
then “Web Worldwide”).
• 2.1 billion by 2012?
How many Servers?
• 3.2 Million as of 9/98, 7 Million as
of 8/99, 21 Million as of 9/00, 37
Million as of 7/02, 143 million as of
10/07, 206 million as of 3/10
(www.netcraft.com, then go to Web
Survery survey).
Getting Around the WWW
• IP Address. Four-part numeric address for
any device connected to the Internet. Only a
few billion possibilities. IPng on its way trillion.
• DNS: Domain Name System. Translates IP
into meaningful site name and vice versa.
TLD, or “top level domains”, are things like
“.com”. In the ballpark of $9 (and
increasingly less) a year for registration.
E-Business
• How do e-commerce and e-business
differ?
– E-commerce – the buying and selling of
goods and services over the Internet
– E-business – the conducting of business on
the Internet including, not only buying and
selling, but also serving customers and
collaborating with business partners
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THE IMPORTANCE OF THE E-BUSINESS MODEL
• Basic Internet
business models
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CHALLENGES OF THE EBUSINESS MODELS
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Three primary challenges include:
1. Security concerns
– 60% of Internet users consider the Internet unsafe
2. Taxation
– Internet remains free of traditional forms of taxation
3. Consumer protection
– Unsolicited goods and communications
– Illegal or harmful goods, services, and content
– Insufficient information about goods or their suppliers
– Invasion of privacy
– Cyberfraud
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Teams, Partnerships, and Alliances
• Information technology can make a business
partnership easier to establish and manage
– Information partnership – occurs when two or more
organizations cooperate by integrating their IT
systems, thereby providing customers with the best
of what each can offer
• The Internet has dramatically increased the
ease and availability for IT-enabled
organizational alliances and partnerships
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Collaboration Systems
• Collaboration solves specific business
tasks such as telecommuting, online
meetings, deploying applications, and
remote project and sales
management
• Collaboration system – an
IT-based set of tools that supports
the work of teams by facilitating
the sharing and flow of information
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Collaboration Systems
• Collaboration systems include:
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Knowledge management systems
Content management systems
Workflow management systems
Groupware systems
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Knowledge Management Systems
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Knowledge management (KM) – involves
capturing, classifying, evaluating, retrieving,
and sharing information assets in a way that
provides context for effective decisions and
actions
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Knowledge management system – supports
the capturing and use of an organization’s
“know-how”
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Explicit and Tacit Knowledge
• The following are two best practices for
transferring or recreating tacit knowledge
– Shadowing – less experienced staff
observe more experienced staff to learn how
their more experienced counterparts
approach their work
– Joint problem solving – a novice and
expert work together on a project
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Content Management
• Content management system (CMS) –
provides tools to manage the creation,
storage, editing, and publication of
information in a collaborative
environment
• CMS marketplace includes:
– Document management system (DMS)
– Digital asset management system (DAM)
– Web content management system (WCM)
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Workflow Management Systems
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Work activities can be performed in series or in
parallel that involves people and automated
computer systems
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Workflow – defines all the steps or business
rules, from beginning to end, required for a
business process
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Workflow management system – facilitates
the automation and management of business
processes and controls the movement of work
through the business process
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Workflow Management Systems
• Messaging-based workflow system –
sends work assignments through an email system
• Database-based workflow system –
stores documents in a central location
and automatically asks the team
members to access the document when
it is their turn to edit the document
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Groupware Systems
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Groupware – software that supports team interaction
and dynamics including calendaring, scheduling, and
videoconferencing
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Collaboration Trends
•
E-mail is the dominant form of collaboration
application, but real-time collaboration tools
like instant messaging are creating a new
communication dynamic
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Instant messaging - type of communications
service that enables someone to create a kind
of private chat room with another individual to
communicate in real-time over the Internet
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Wireless Fidelity (wi-fi)
• Wireless fidelity (wi-fi) – a means of linking
computers using infrared or radio signals
• Common examples of wireless devices include:
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Cellular phones and pagers
Global positioning systems (GPS)
Cordless computer peripherals
Home-entertainment-system control boxes
Two-way radios
Satellite television
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Advantages of Enterprise Mobility
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Bluetooth
• Bluetooth – an omnidirectional wireless
technology that provides limited-range
voice and data transmission over the
unlicensed 2.4-GHz frequency band,
allowing connections with a wide variety of
fixed and portable devices that normally
would have to be cabled together
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Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
• Radio frequency identification (RFID) - use
active or passive tags in the form of chips or
smart labels that can store unique identifiers
and relay this information to electronic readers
• RFID tag - contains a microchip and an
antenna, and typically work by transmitting a
serial number via radio waves to an electronic
reader, which confirms the identity of a person
or object bearing the tag
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Satellite
• Microware transmitter – commonly used to
transmit network signals over great distances
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Global Positioning System
• Global positioning system (GPS) – a device
that determines current latitude, longitude,
speed, and direction of movement
– Market for GPS services is at $5 billion with
expectations for the demand to double over the next
five years
• Geographic information system (GIS) –
designed to work with information that can be
shown on a map
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