Transcript Ingen lysbildetittel

Hvordan sikre tilgjengeligheten av
vitenskapelig litteratur?
Ludvig M. Sollid
VITENSKAPELIG PUBLISERING SÆREGENHETER (I)
”Unlike the authors of books and magazine
articles, who write for royalty or fees, the
authors of refereed journal articles write only
for 'research impact'. To be cited and built on
in the research of others, their findings have
to be accessible to their potential users.”
Harnard, S: Nature, 410, 1024-1025, 2001
VITENSKAPELIG PUBLISERING SÆREGENHETER (II)
Jeg må bare få tak i den artikkelen!
Forskere på jakt etter litteratur blir fort desperate
VITENSKAPELIG PUBLISERING KOSTBAR VIRKSOMHET
~ 20 000 referee baserte tidsskrifter
> 2 million publiserte artikler (referee-vurderte)
Total kollektiv betaling (fra alle verdens institusjoner)
per artikkel:
~ $ 2000
Harnard, S: Nature, 410, 1024-1025, 2001
VITENSKAPELIG PUBLISERING
KAN VÆRE GOD BUTIKK
REED ELSEVIER - år 2000
OMSETNING: £693m
PROFITT: £252m (36%)
Kilde: The Guardian, 26 May 2001
Monograph and
Serial Costs in
North American
Research Libraries
1986-2001
http://www.arl.org/stats/
NORGE ER EN DEL AV VERDEN
UiO 1997-1999:
Prisstigning tidsskrifter medisin og
naturvitenskap: 43% - 45%
Reduksjon av abonnementer:
Medisin: 23,5%
Naturvitenskap: 50%
Biblioteksdirektøren, Universitetsbiblioteket i Oslo
VITENSKAPELIG PUBLISERING AKTØRER
Science, Technology and Medicine (STM):
•Faglige medlemsgrupper
medlemsforeninger, societies)
•Universitetsforlag etc
(”non-for-profit publishers”)
•Kommersielle forlag
(”for-profit publishers”)
(div.
Biochemical Journal
Publisher: Biochemical Society (not-for-profit body)
Subscription: 1991 £793
Subscription 2001 £1,334
Increase 68%
Brain Research
Publisher: Elsevier
Subscription: 1991 £3,713
Subscription: 2001 £9,148
Increase: 146%
Journal of Virological Methods
Publisher: Elsevier
Subscription: 1991 £527
Subscription: 2001 £1,555
Increase: 195%
Prev. Veterinary Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier
Subscription: 1991 £171
Subscription: 2001 £713
Increase: 317%
Kilder:
• The Guardian
• Consortium of University
Research Libraries (UK)
ADVOCACY GROUP
Michael Ashburner, University of Cambridge
Patrick O. Brown, Stanford University
Michael B. Eisen, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and UC Berkeley
Marc Kirschner, Harvard University
Chaitan Khosla, Stanford University
Roel Nusse, Stanford University
Richard J. Roberts, New England Biolabs
Matthew Scott, Stanford University
Harold Varmus, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
Barbara Wold, Caltech
We support the establishment of an online public library that would
provide the full contents of the published record of research and
scholarly discourse in medicine and the life sciences in a freely
accessible, fully searchable, interlinked form.
To encourage the publishers of our journals to support this
endeavor, we pledge that, beginning in September, 2001, we will
publish in, edit or review for, and personally subscribe to, only
those scholarly and scientific journals that have agreed to grant
unrestricted free distribution rights to any and all original research
reports that they have published, through PubMed Central and
similar online public resources, within 6 months of their initial
publication date.
Scientific American, 23 April 2001
BESØKSPROFIL TIL ELEKTRONISKE
TIDSSKRIFTER
Gjennomsnittlig antall ganger per måned hver
artikkel i fulltekst fra EMBO Journal er blitt besøkt
(publikasjonsperiode: juli-desember 1999).
Richardson M: Nature Debates, 2001
Åpent støttebrev - per 15. november 2001:
- 28673 har signert
- fra 173 land
-146 signaturer fra Norge
Future e-access to the primary literature
http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access
> 50 diskusjonsinnlegg - les disse!
MOTSTAND MOT PLS - OGSÅ FRA
”non-for-profit PUBLISHERS” (I)
As publishers, scientific societies are responsible for the peer
review of articles, production and distribution of content, and
historic archiving of their journals. Expenses associated with
these efforts are recovered from various sources including
subscriptions. Federation of American Societies for
Experimental Biology (FASEB) supports the right of its member
societies to independently establish policies and practices for
online access that will assure the viability of their publications.
FASEB news May 11, 2001
MOTSTAND MOT PLS - OGSÅ FRA
”non-for-profit PUBLISHERS” (II)
”The PLS group not only wants free content. It unfortunately also
wants journals to allow their content to be posted by any web
server wishing to post it. We consider this demand to be poorly
thought-out, unnecessary, a waste of money and a potentially
dangerous threat to scientific exchange forums.”
Position statement by the American Soc for Biochem and Molecular Biol
Response to PubMed Central and the Public Library of Science Boycott
Robert D. Wells, Ph.D President, ASBMB
Herbert Tabor, M.D.
Editor, J. Biol. Chem.
KAN DAGENS PUBLISERINGSSYSTEM
BLI ØEDLAGT AV PLS SITT INITATIV?
Michael Keller, Publisher, HighWire Press:
…. Those who would stand to gain would be the
large commercial publishers who compete with them
for authors and readers, and who have deeper
pockets. As the publications of scholarly societies
declined, the dependency of universities on
publications of those for-profit publishers that are
'irresponsible' would increase.
Nature Debates, 2001
Public Library of Science Journals
...The costs of peer review, editorial oversight and
publication will be recovered primarily by charges to
authors, which we expect to be approximately
$300 per published article.
PUBMED CENTRAL DESENTRALISERER
PUBMED CENTRAL:
Drives av National Center for Biotechnology Information som en del
av National Library of Medicine (NLM)
 Biomedisinsk litteraturarkiv, fritt tilgjengelig for alle.
 Krav: Fulltekst artikler skal være tilgjengelig hos PubMed Central
Fra april 2001 er dette opphevet.
 Nå: Tilgang til fulltekst artikkel kan skje via lenke til forleggers
Web-side.
Edwin Sequeira, Johanna McEntyre, David Lipman; Nature Debates, 2001
ARKIVER FOR ØKENDE ANTALL
TIDSSKRIFTER TILGJENGELIG
Genome Biology
59 online journals published by BioMed Central
Proc Natl Acad Sci (6 month delay)
British Medical Journal (no delay)
Bull Medical Library Association (no delay)
Critical Care (no delay)
Breast Cancer Research (no delay)
Arthritis Research (no delay)
Molecular Biology of the Cell (2 month delay)
J Am Med Inform Assoc (6 month delay)
Can Med Assoc Journal (6 month delay)
The Plant Cell (1 year delay)
Plant Physiology (1 year delay)
Journal of Medical Entomology (1 year delay)
Respiratory Research (no delay)
Curr Contr Trials in Cardiovasc Med (no delay)
Cell Stress and Chaperones (6 month delay)
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother (6 months delay)
Appl Environ Microbiol (6 months delay)
Clin Diag Lab Immunol (6 months delay)
Infection and Immunity (6 months delay)
Journal of Bacteriology (6 months delay)
Journal of Clinical Microbiology (6 months delay)
Journal of Virology (6 months delay)
Molecular and Cellular Biology (6 months delay)
Nucleic Acids Research (6 month delay)
EMBO Journal (1 year delay)
Clinical Microbiology Reviews (1 year delay)
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev (1 year delay)
Biochemical Journal (delay interval unknown)
Cold Spring Harbor Press Journals (unknown)
Genetics (delay interval unknown)
Am J Hum Gen (delay interval unknown)
Many journals currently provide recent contents for free following a delay after publication, but
only through their own Web sites: HighWire Press journals.
ELEKTRONISK PUBLISERING OG ARKIVERING
I FRAMTIDA - HVOR GÅR VI?
- Forsvinner papirutgavene helt?
- Arkivering av artikler - samordnes dette med
andre databaser?
- Forsvinner referee-ordningen?
- Vil forfatterne/universitetene selv stå for
publisering/distribusjon?
ELEKTRONISK SØKING - METADATA
HTML spesifiserer ikke informasjonen:
<H1>The future of the electronic scientific literature</H1>
<H3>by John Smith</H3>
XML spesifiserer informasjonen på en måte som
datamaskinene forstår:
<articletitle>The future of the electronic scientific literature<
/articletitle> <author><firstname>John</firstname>
<lastname>Smith</lastname></author>
Kilde: Nature Debates, 2001
ELEKTRONISK SØKING - METADATA
Open Archives Initiative (OAI) http://www.openarchives.org/
Standard for metadata merking
Selv-archiving initiative http://www.eprints.org/
Tilbyr gratis programvare for institusjoner å lage OAIkompatible arkiver  publisering på nettet kan gjøres av
forfatterne selv