Transcript RadioNet FP7

RadioNet FP7
Advanced Radio Astronomy in Europe
Contract no.: 227290
WP5 - Spectrum Management
•Modus operandi, overview of activities
•Current Spectrum issues
• World radio conference in Geneva
•ESF Evaluation
•Budget matters
•ESF situation.
CRAF Mission
The mission of CRAF is:
1. to keep the frequency bands used for radio astronomical observations free
from interference;
2. to argue the scientific needs of the European research community for
continued access to and availability of the radio spectrum for radio astronomy;
and
3. to support related science communities in their needs concerning
interference-free radio frequency bands for passive use.
Radio astronomy is a stakeholder in international spectrum management.
Yes:
Yes:
Allocated bands are often too small for modern requirements.
Mitigation can help to solve some RFI problems
No:
Giving up our stake → Recognition and protection will cease!
CRAF Member Organisations
20 member countries
(incl. Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and
South Africa)
50 Observatories and Institutes
Including
European Space Agency (ESA)
European Incoherent Scatter
Scientific Association (EISCAT)
Institut de Radio Astronomie
Millimétrique (IRAM)
International VLBI Service for
Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS)
Three Layers of Decision Making
UNITED NATIONS
Other UN
Organizations: UNESCO, UNHCR …
ITU
UN: CRAF is a recognized member of the
Radiocommunication Sector of the ITU
IUCAF
UN Level
(Coordination)
Regional Level
ESF
CRAF
CORF
RAFCAP
(AMERICAS)
(ASIA / PACIFIC)
EU: CRAF has observer status in CEPT
and participates in ECC meetings.
European Commission
Radionet
ESF Member CRAF Member Institutes
Organizations and Observatories
CEPT
National Administrations
National Governments
National Level
Industry
National CRAF members are consulted
by their administrations
Spectrum Management is a Document Driven Process
Submits Documents
and defends them in
CRAF
committee meetings with
administrations and other
stakeholders
Committee
Report
ITU
/
CEPT
/
National Administrations
DECIDE about Protection
CRAF members must have competence in:
1. Radio astronomy: Its aims, scope and observational methods
2. Radio propagation and radio engineering and technology
3. Negotiation, Frequency management, administrative procedures and structures
18 cm Band: GLONASS und IRIDIUM
OH-Line at 1610.6-1613.8 MHz, protected radio astronomy band to observe
==> planetary nebulae, stellar winds, final stages of stellar evolution.
GLONASS Satellites (Russian navigation system)
with bad suppression of spurious emissions
Agreement after protracted negociations:
Lowering of operational frequency for GLONASS
to <1605.4 MHz,
Better filters on future satellites.
The situation has improved.
IRIDIUM:
66 Satellites, US-Satphone for remote operations.
Technical details secret
Strong and time-variable spurious emissions in
RA band, detected by every observatory.
06.03.2006 20:15 UT Effelsberg Centre frequency 1612 MHz.
GLONASS at –3 MHz (1609) and massive narrow line RFI.
Denied by IRIDIUM:
‚no reports of interference‘
• Calibrated Measurements in Effelsberg (2007-2008) by CRAF prove IRIDIUM
interference and CRAF analysis reveals technical characteristics responsible for it.
Report given to BNetzA (German administration) and CEPT.
• BNetzA sends "Report of harmful interference" (Art. 15 RR) to FCC (US admin.)
•IRIDIUM asks for direct negotiations with CRAF
• IRIDIUM admits causing RFI, Analysis accepted by ECC (including IRIDIUM)
• CRAF is asked by CEPT to help in precision measurements at the European satellite
monitoring station in Leeheim (Germany)
•Leeheim: Evidence of massive RFI, from every satellite
violating ESF/CRAF – IRIDIUM agreement
•Order for new satellites by IRIDIUM (3·109 EURO)
•New ECC report 171 about IRIDIUM interference accepted
(http://www.erodocdb.dk/doks/doccategoryECC.aspx?doccatid=4)
•Review of decision about IRIDIUM License in progress!
Profiting from the Digital Dividend:
UHF Channel 38 (608-614 MHz)
RR 5.149: Administrations are requested ‚to take all practicable steps‘ to protect radio astronomy from interference.
Spectrum 607-615 MHz, from 29/11/2006 with surveillance receiver in
Effelsberg.
Peak fluxes from distant analogue TV stations 1013 Jy
Band unusuable for radio astronomers!
TV channels were reallocated for digital TV,
in co-operation between CRAF and BNetzA
Spectrum 607-615 MHz, in 2008 with telescope receiver
No in-band TV stations, only one local RFI line
Band useful for radio pulsar timing!
Effelsberg 29/7/2008 18:37:55 mjd = 54676.7763407616880
2
10
EBPP scan 33759
1937+21
609.75 MHz
1200
spectral power
<S>=310.68 mJy
1000
800
mJy
600
1
10
400
200
0
0
-200
-400
10
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
ms
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0.6
0.602
0.604
0.606
0.608
0.61
frequency (GHz)
0.612
0.614
0.616
Recent CRAF contributions to spectrum management
DATE
GROUP
TITLE
AUTHORS
03/06/11
SE7
Smith/Jessner/
Hase
09/06/11
SE24
SE7(11)043 - Compatibility between BWS at 2300 MHz
– 2400MHz and Geodetic VLBI observations in the
adjacent band 2200 MHz – 2290 MHz
Protection of the RAS at 77GHz (Revised)
14/06/11
ECC
04/07/11
ECC
06/07/11
FM44
06/07/11
FM44
15/07/11
SE24
ECC
14/08/11
01/09/11
SE24
Unwanted emissions limits from SRR operating in the
24.25-26.65 GHz band to protect EESS and RAS in the
23.6-24 GHz band
Formal submission of CRAF comments on the public
consultation of ECC REP170 (UWB: LAES, LT2 & LTA)
'Impact of outdoor PLs on the RAS' (for inclusion in the
draft ECC report on regulatory provision of outdoor
pseudolites)
CRAF position statement on regulatory requirements for
implementation of CGC in the 1.6 GHz band
Revision to CRAF contribution on Airborne UWB
Formal submission of CRAF comments on the public
consultation of the review of ECC/DEC/(06)04
Revision to CRAF contribution on Airborne UWB
Smith/Jessner/
Lindquist
Tristant/Marelli/
Dreis/Smith
Smith/Jessner
Smith
Smith
Jessner
Smith/Jessner
Jessner
(H. Smith 2011)
Current Issues of Concern (CEPT)
CEPT
Group
SE24/
SRDMG
Issue
Location/tracking UWB:
LAES/LT2/LTA
Airborne UWB devices
Freqs
Affected
6.7GHz
SE24/
SRDMG
77GHz Short range radar
77GHz
SE24/
SRDMG
SE40/
FM44
24 GHz Automotive SRR
24GHz
Indoor & Outdoor pseudolites
1.6GHz
SE40/
FM44
IRIDIUM emissions
1.6GHz
SE7
Interference to geodetic VLBI
from proposed broadband
wireless services
2.4GHz
Revision of RA.1513
N/A
Wind farms
ALL?
Power line transmission (PLT)
<300MHz
Other
WP7D
ITU/SB
Comment
LAES/LT2 probably acceptable.
Many issues for RAS around LTA,
but CRAF proposals for limits not
accepted. Ongoing submissions
on Airborne UWB
Initial response to proposed new
77 GHz SRR applications made.
Attempting to remove fixed &
quasi-fixed applications from
consideration.
Tightening of 24 GHz automotive
SRR OOB limits proposed &
under consideration
ECC Report & decision on indoor
pseudolites in public consultation
with RAS concerns registered.
Work starting on outdoor
pseudolites report.
New report backing RAS claims of
significant interference now in
CEPT approval stages.
Contribution to SE7 made
registering RAS concerns; to be
presented at ECO 28SEP11
New Recommendation on time
variable RFI?
CRAF report now being used by
various agencies
Major threat below 30MHz, but no
CRAF resources available to
progress the issue
(H. Smith 2011)
NEW CEPT Project Teams
•
SE44 - broadband direct air to ground communications – DA2GC
“… To study compatibility and sharing issues and to develop ECC deliverables (ECC-Report(s))
in support of WG FM (FM PT 48)) concerning Broadband Direct-Air-to-Ground
Communications (DA2GC), intended to provide high performance broadband connectivity
between aircraft and a terrestrial radio access network to be deployed in Europe. In
particular ETSI TR 103 054 (System Reference Document on Broadband DA2GC) should be
considered …”
The initial set of bands to be considered is:
- 1670-1675 MHz / 1800-1805 MHz
- 2400-2483.5 MHz,
- 3400–3600 MHz,
- 5855-5875 MHz, …”
•
FM50 - future use(s) of the 1452-1492 MHz band
“…Further to a generic inventory of candidate applications for the 1452 - 1492 MHz band, and
an initial consideration of the issue, as reported in FM(11)062 Annex 18, the Project Team
shall assess, with the support of an impact analysis, which future use(s) of the 1452-1492
MHz band would be the most appropriate for CEPT. …”
(H. Smith 2011)
WRC-12 (23rd Jan – 17th Feb 2012)
CRAF
• ~24 resolutions on specific issues + a few more general resolutions
are listed as agenda items (AIs)
• CRAF position document on WRC-12 AIs of relevance to the RAS
• Drafting and plenary Sessions in parallel, requires CRAF FM+2
CRAF/RAS alignment with CEPT ECPs
(European Common Position information taken from ECC website)
ITEM
ECP Position
CRAF Position
1.3 - Unmanned Aircraft
Systems [5GHz & 15.4GHz]
- 5 GHz – only internationally standardized
equipment permitted in only 5.030-5.091 GHz
for terrestrial component. Adjacent bands
power hard limited.
- 15.4-15.5 GHz should not be allocated to the
UAS terrestrial component due to extreme
difficulty of sharing between the component
and services allocated in co-frequency and
adjacent frequency bands. ]
- “no change” to all aspects of the regulations
for the satellite component
No UAS allocations
ECP Mostly
Aligned/Favourable
1.4 - Aeronautical mobile (R)
service (AM(R)S) systems in the
bands 5 000-5 030 MHz
CEPT does not support any new AM(R)S
allocation.
No New Allocations
1.6 - [950] spectrum use by the
passive services between 275
GHz and 3 000 GHz
[955] consider possible
procedures for free-space
optical-links,
[950]: Support for the proposed revision of
RR N° 5.565 including lists of frequency
bands for Radio Astronomy service, Earth
Exploration Satellite Service and Space
Research service.
[955]: to be suppressed.
:
Satellite
UAV
3
2
4
1
ATC
UACS
ECP aligned
[950] Support proposed
revision
ECP aligned
[955] Suppress
ECP aligned
(H. Smith 2011)
CRAF/RAS alignment with CEPT ECPs
(ECP information taken from ECC website)
1.8 - technical and
regulatory issues relative to
the fixed/passive services 71238 GHz
Emission limits in the RR for the
protection of the 86-92 GHz passive
range (a 5.340 band) with the additions
of NOC proposals for bands above 94
GHz
Support development of
regulations to protect RAS
& other passive services
Support mandatory limits
for FS emissions
ECP Mostly
Aligned/Favourable
1.16 - meteorological aids
service allocation in the
frequency range below 20
kHz,
Support for metaids allocation below
9kHz
Support for metaids
allocation below 9kHz
ECP aligned
1.19 - regulatory measures
and their relevance, in order
to enable the introduction of
software-defined radio and
cognitive radio systems,
[SDR] No regulatory actions required
for software-defined radio (SDR).
[CRS] No Change to the Radio
Regulations required for cognitive radio
systems (CRS).
[SDR] No regulatory
changes for softwaredefined radio (SDR).
[CRS] No Change to the
Radio Regulations for
cognitive radio systems
(CRS).
ECP aligned
(all bands!)
(H. Smith 2011)
CRAF/RAS alignment with CEPT ECPs
(ECP information taken from ECC website)
1.20 HAPS links near
6.7 GHz
No Change – i.e. no HAPS allocations in
Europe
Supports “no change”
ECP aligned
1.21 allocation to the
radiolocation service in the
band 15.4-15.7 GHz,
Ongoing
Presently there are two versions of the
ECP. One version proposes allocations for
the radiolocation service with
‘appropriate’ protection for the RAS; the
other version proposes no change.
No allocations
1.22 the effect of emissions
from short-range devices on
radio communication
services, (all bands, license
free!)
No change
No change
Support studies, In
Europe there is a specific
threat developing to the
6.7GHz RAS band from
mobile short range/ultra
wideband devices.
ECP aligned
1.25 additional allocations to
the mobile-satellite service
10.6 and 15.4 GHz
No allocations
No allocations
ECP aligned
(H. Smith 2011)
AI 1.25 – New MSS Allocations
Space object
DOWN = ~10.6 GHz
UP = ~15.4 GHz
Wanted signal from
ground based MES to
MSS satellite
Signal received by RAS
Interference from
airborne ground based
ES MSS
Ground based
MES
RAS station
Work in national committees by CRAF members resulted in ‘No New Allocations’ ECP for MSS
But final decision only by WRC-12 !
AI 8.1.1 Issue A – Industrial equipment Interference
Emissio n an d Recep tion P ow er Limits
50
The ITU report SM-1081 describes
A. Protection requirements of radio astronomy as in
ITU-R RA. 769,
B. limits for industrial equipment as given by CISPR-11.
150
200
Separation Distances for ISM Equipment
250
10
100
100
3
1 10
frequency (MHz)
4
1 10
5
1 10
Industrial equipment emissions on the
level of these limits require free-space
separation distances of several km from
radio observatories in order to fulfil the
ITU-R RA. 769 protection requirements!
distance (km)
dB(W)
100
10
1
10
100
3
1 10
frequency (MHz)
4
1 10
CRAF requests that that the standards set for ISM equipment in the bands listed in footnotes
5.340 and 5.149 of the RR are made consistent with those of the RR for those bands.
A very difficult task as it concerns all manufactured equipment:
From cattle fences over digital electronics to wind power generators!
5
1 10
AI 8.2 – Preliminary Agenda Items for WRC-15
1.6
to consider an allocation in the band 77.5 – 78 GHz to the Radiolocation
service on a primary basis in accordance with Resolution [SRR_RLS] (WRC-12)
1.8 to consider an extension of the current worldwide allocation to the Earth
Exploration Satellite Service (EESS) (active) in the frequency band 9 300 – 9 900
MHz by at least 600 MHz within the frequency range 8 700 – 10 500 MHz ;
8.2.1.6 New allocations for radio location should not compromise the operation of
radio observatories in the band 77.5-78 GHz and in adjacent bands. Coexistence
studies are recommended to provide guidelines for the protection of radio
observatories operating on mm-wavelengths.
8.2.1.8 CRAF urges administrations to ensure effective protection of radio
observatories and space research stations operating in adjacent bands.
Coexistence studies are recommended to suggest suitable hard limits for out of
band emissions by EESS and any direct illumination of radio observatories and
space research ground stations by the new generation of EESS should be ruled
out.
The worst case: Destructive Interference
Cloudsat at 94.05 GHz, 5 satellites,
height 705 km, downward pointing
radar pulse power 1800 W, antenna
gain 2·106
peak power > 109 W
50 mW into ALMA main Beam !
fortunately probability low  10-7 per
site illumination, now damaged with
less restricted operations
(ALMA Memo 504)
Terra-SAR
new terrain radar satellite:
9.6 ± 0.3 GHz
pulse power 2500 W
antenna gain 50000
peak power 125 MW
0.275 W for Effelsberg RX
lethal for 8.35 & 10.6 GHz
Probability:  10-3 per illumination !
Airborne mil. Radar on 3.3 GHz:
Thermal effects seen in Effelsberg at 2.7 GHz!
RFI Data Base
• The new RFI database has been developed within the FP7 Radionet
project.
• Main goal was to develop a system with an easy web-interface, where
CRAF members and astronomers can store proof of interferences.
• The RFI database is based on a MySQL engine (versatile, flexible,
multi-user and open source, for querying and modifying data and
managing databases).
• So far the database can be accessed through web browser (however
other possible clients can be implemented).
(P. Bolli, 2011)
RFI-DB - Output
(P. Bolli, 2011)
ESF 2011 Statutory Review of CRAF
Panel members
Chair of the Panel
Professor emeritus Martin C.E. Huber
Honorary professor at the Physics Department of ETH Zurich, former Head of
ESA's Space Science Department
Professor Wolfgang Baumjohann
Austrian Academy of Sciences ; Managing and Research Director of the
Space Research Institute ;(Institut für Weltraumforschung, IWF). Professor,
Graz University of Technology
Professor Michael Garrett
ASTRON, the Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy Dwingeloo, The
Netherlands ; General and Scientific Director of ASTRON ; Professor,
University of Leiden
Professor Shoji Nagamiya
J-PARC, Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex
Professor Dan-Olof Riska
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
Professor John Simpson
STFC, Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK
Professor emeritus Hugo Decleir
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium
-Professor, Department of Geography
Professor David Hik
Professor and Canada Research Chair in Northern
Ecology
Professor Paula Kankaanpää
Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Finland
Professor emeritus Temel Oguz
Middle East Technical University
Dr ès Sciences Myriam Sibuet
Plouzane, France
Institut français de recherche pour l'exploitation de la mer (Ifremer)
ESF 2011 Statutory Review of CRAF
Results
Overall summary
The Review Panel fully concurs with the views of the previous 1996 and
2003 Review Panels in stressing the scientific importance of CRAF’s
mission and activities. In the opinion of the Review Panel, the aims and
objectives of the Committee remain highly relevant to the European
scientific community and have been properly and fully executed by
CRAF during the period of this evaluation.
Primary recommendations
1. ESF should continue to strongly support CRAF and its mission–in particular
the mandate of CRAF should be extended for a minimum period of 5 years;
2. CRAF should maintain its special status as an Expert Committee of the ESF
or an equivalent status in any new organisation that may replace the ESF, e.g.
Science Europe.
ESF 2011 Statutory Review of CRAF
Secondary recommendations of the panel:
1. CRAF should (as resources permit) engage more actively with the radio
astronomy community in order to highlight the Committee’s achievements
and also to understand the needs and trends of telescope users;
2. CRAF is encouraged to continue to engage with other passive users of
the spectrum and to investigate whether these organisations might also
aspire to CRAF membership;
3. Over the next five-year period, CRAF’s involvement in the global SKA
project should continue to increase – CRAF can play an important role in
representing European astronomers’ interests in terms of providing advice
on frequency management issues, and in particular the regulation of
satellite transmissions.
Overview of WP5 Expenditures (1.11.2011)
81.062,00 €
Allocation
16.011,79 €
Sum of expenditures 2009
23.733,91 €
Sum of expenditures 2010
25.440,31 €
Sum of expenditures 2011
8.886,61 €
Summerschool 2010
333,20 €
Interference Monitoring & Assessment
Total
Including
~7k until Dec. 2011
74.405,82 €
Expected balance at the end of 2011
6.656,18 €
~ 5kEUR p.a. for CRAF travel to ECC meetings
2 CRAF meetings at ~9 kEUR each (support for 11-15 members)
Forecast for the next Period
Version A: CRAF working as before
Projected Expenditure for CRAF /Radionet 2012-2016
53.500,00 €
Total amount granted
Travel support for WRC 12
daily expense Geneva
4
CRAF members for
travel at
CRAF meetings
Participation of CRAF members
at at ECC meetings
12
250,00 €
days each
400,00 €
12.000,00 €
1.600,00 €
8
4
9.000,00 €
5.000,00 €
72.000,00 €
20.000,00 €
Initial Projected Balance at the end of 2016
-52.100,00 €
Forecast for the next Period
Version B: Reduced CRAF activity
Projected Expenditure for CRAF /Radionet 2012-2016
53.500,00 €
Total amount granted
Travel support for WRC 12
250,00 €
daily expense Geneva
0
CRAF members for
12 days each
travel at
0,00 €
400,00 €
0,00 €
CRAF meetings
4
9.000,00 €
36.000,00 €
Participation of CRAF members
4
4.350,00 €
17.400,00 €
at at ECC meetings
Initial Projected Balance at the end of 2016
Insufficient
representation in the
final WRC decision
making ?
Telecons ?
one or two fewer ECC
meetings per year covered ?
100,00 €
2nd Alternative: 50kEUR directly from MO,
but some MO (GER, NL, I, F, UK) already support CRAF with additional manpower
Smaller MO cannot afford, but need to participate
The Imminent Demise of the ESF
Current Situation
•The CRAF Frequency manager has a pivotal role in the representation of CRAF
•New CRAF FM Dr. Harry Smith at Oxford Astrophysics Dept. since 01/1/2010
•5 year Contract with expense ceiling at 130kEUR p.a. (includes 21kEUR for travel)
•Funding: 12 contributing MO, 9 have signed MoU.
( MoU  MO )
•Good work of CRAF FM and ESF evaluation
=> STFC promises continued financial support
=> stability of funding for FM
Legal aspects:
•Formally CRAF is only a committee, without the power to sign contracts.
•The host organisation (ESF) handles legal aspects, signs contracts and MoU‘s
and provides political credibility
The Imminent Demise of the ESF
A Successor, but not an Heir
Major funding organisations decided to
end ESF as a legal entity in 2015
A new organisation ‚Science Europe‘, operating in Brussels with a different,
mainly representative role, has been founded on 21/10/2011
Bord members:
President: Paul Boyle (UK), chief executive of the Economic and Social Research
Council
Vice-Presidents: Andre Syrota, France, INSERM; Par Omling, Sweden
Board: Franci Demsar, Slovenia; Matthias Kleiner, Germany; Christoph Kratky,
Austria; Toivo Maimets, Estonia; Karl Ulrich Mayer, Germany (Leibniz foundation);
Elisabeth Monard, Belgium; Jozsef Palinkas, Hungary.
The Imminent Demise of the ESF
Consequences for CRAF - ESF
… ESF Primary recommendations
1. ESF should continue to strongly support CRAF and its mission–in particular the
mandate of CRAF should be extended for a minimum period of 5 years;
•M. Heppener (ESF Director of Research) stated, that ESF will honour its
commitments to EBCs until 2015.
•We have reason to be sceptical about ESF's capabilities as ESF is being
dissolved, funding is reduced and staff is leaving.
The Imminent Demise of the ESF
Outlook for CRAF – Science Europe
2. CRAF should maintain its special status as an Expert Committee of the ESF or
an equivalent status in any new organisation that may replace the ESF, e.g.
Science Europe.
•ESF decisions are not binding for Science Europe
•Science Europe is not keen on having Expert Boards like CRAF.
Pilot Board Statement (July 2011): ‘... it noted that the existing Expert Boards
had come into being for a variety of historical reasons, and there was not
currently a coherent rationale for why these committees, and not others,
should be a part of Science Europe. It was felt that for the time being they
could continue under the auspices of the ESF...’
And would there be the
•necessary expert staff to deal with legal matters at Science Europe?
•will and capability to represent interests of radio astronomy on EU level to
offset weight of industry?
The Imminent Demise of the ESF
Conceiveable Exit Scenarios
1. End of CRAF FM,- not in the interest of radio astronomy !
2. Transfer of Responsibility from ESF to
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Science Europe ??
A new radio astronomical umbrella organisation??
ESO?
European Physical Society?
Others???
We must contact the decision makers of our national funding organisations
and inform them that urgent action is required, as
1) a new host organisation will have to be found or established,
2) the transfer of legal commitments (MoUs) from ESF to new host is needed
and that will take time.
Summary and Conclusions
•Radio astronomical spectrum management is a common obligation
•There is no acceptable alternative than to participate in the process
•Rules and standards are defined outside the radio astronomical community,
we have to adapt to that environment
•CRAF has been working well and fulfilled its mission
•There are 12 open CEPT and 13 WRC issues
where CRAF needs to continue to work effectively and that
•Requires
a. adequate funding of future activities
b. Manpower support by MO
c. Support by an influential legal host organisation
a. & b. & c. need to be addressed now!