Transcript Document

Regulatory Framework in Europe
Titus Spoelstra
Wim van Driel
CRAF
URL: www.astron.nl/craf
“Counter” for issues
• Administrations of sovereign states are the
bodies mandated for frequency management
and executing regulation of spectrum use.
• Administrations act autonomous or in
coordination with other Administrations at
regional or global scale
FM “problem space”
Global Regulatory Frame
Global Organization (in UN family):
International Telecommunication Union –
ITU:
• Radio Regulations – International Treaty
• Updated in World Radiocommunication
Conferences – WRCs
‘ITU Regions’
Regional Regulatory Frame
• Per ITU Region (CEPT, CITEL, APT, …)
• Regulation within ITU Radio Regulation’s
framework
European ‘players’
• Administrations
• CEPT - Conference of European Posts and
Telecommunications Administrations
• EC - European Commission
• Standardization Institutes
• Other interested parties
Administration
• “any governmental department or service
responsible for discharging the obligations
undertaken in the Constitution of the
International Telecommunication Union, in
the Convention of the International
Telecommunication Union and in the
Administrative Regulations” (ITU
Constitution – Annex 1002).
Tasks of Administration
• Regulated by national telecom-law:
– Application of national frequency policy
– Enforcement of regulations
– Protection of interests of private and public
users of radio frequencies
CEPT - Conference of European
Posts and Telecommunications
Administrations
• Established in 1959
• pan-European body of policy-makers and
regulators:
– radiocommunication, telecommunication, post
• 44 member countries (2002)
• Membership: Administrations, regional
organizations
Role of CEPT
• European policy on electronic communications activities in a European
context, taking account of European and international legislation and
regulations
• develop European common positions and proposals for use in the
framework of international and regional bodies
• plan and harmonise the efficient use of the radio spectrum, satellite
orbit, and numbering resources in Europe, so as to satisfy the
requirements of European users and industry;
• approve Decisions and other deliverables;
• implement the strategic decisions of the CEPT Assembly;
• seek guidance from the CEPT Assembly as and when necessary, and
propose issues for consideration by the Assembly;
• the ECC should also establish contacts with equivalent organisations
outside Europe.
Regional Regulations in Europe
• European Common Allocation Table (CEPT
harmonization over Europe)
• Decisions, Recommendations and Reports
(CEPT)
• Regulatory Directives (EC)
• Standards (ETSI, CENELEC)
European Union
Member States (15) delegate sovereignty to independent
institutions which represent the interests of the Union as
a whole, its member countries and its citizens. The
Commission upholds the interests of the Union as a
whole, while each national government is represented
within the Council, and the European Parliament is
directly elected by citizens.
This "institutional triangle" is flanked by two other
institutions: the Court of Justice and the Court of
Auditors. A further five bodies make the system
complete.
European Commission
• Driving force in the Union's institutional system:
1. draft legislation and presents legislative proposals to
Parliament and the Council;
2. implementing the European legislation (directives,
regulations, decisions), budget and programmes
adopted by Parliament and the Council;
3. represents the Union on the international stage and
negotiates international agreements, chiefly in the
field of trade and cooperation.
4. enforce Community law (jointly with the Court of
Justice)
European Commission - 2
• The "Commission" is a political body.
• It is assisted by an administration
comprising general services
(Secretariat-General, Legal Service,
Eurostat, etc.)
• and the Directorates-General (DGs),
each of which is headed by a DirectorGeneral answerable to the relevant
Commissioner.
Relation CEPT - EC
• CEPT: voluntary cooperation between
Administrations
• EC: treaty based cooperation
• MoU CEPT-EC on frequency regulatory issues:
mandate delegated to CEPT
• Result: different legal status of ‘products’:
- CEPT: ‘binding’ for Administrations that adopted
CEPT Decisions and Recommendations
- EC: binding regulation for whole EU
Standardization Institutes
• ETSI – European Telecommunications
Standards Institute (radiocommunication
matters)
• CENELEC - European Committee for
Electrotechnical Standardisation (EMC
matters)
• CEN - European Committee for
Standardisation
ETSI
• Created by CEPT in 1988
• Facilitate the integration of the
telecommunications infrastructure
• Assure the proper inter-working of future
telecommunications services
• Achieve the compatibility of terminal equipment,
• Create new pan-European telecommunications
networks
ETSI - 2
• Membership:
- Administrations, Administrative Bodies and
National Standards Organisations,
- Public Network Operators,
- Manufacturers,
- Users,
- Private Service Providers, Research Bodies,
Consultancy Companies/Partnerships and others.
CENELEC
• Activities similar to ETSI but primarily on
issues of Electromagnetic Compatibility,
EMC
Role of standardization institutes
• “Development of standards”
- note: standard is voluntary agreement or
‘tool’ to facilitate industry. It is not legally
binding.
Relation of ETSI/CENELEC
with CEPT
• Work on standard development after CEPT has
approved the frequency selection when relevant.
• Draft system reference documents and draft
standards need approval of CEPT before official
publication
Other interested parties
• CRAF – Committee on Radio Astronomy
Frequencies
• EBU – European Broadcasting Union
• ESA – European Space Agency
• IARU – International Radio Amateur Union
• NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• …
Role of other parties in CEPT
When having formal observer status:
• Participation in work of CEPT: European
issues, development of European positions
(for e.g. WRCs): strongly favored by CEPT
• Meetings open for CEPT ECC participation
Role of other parties in EC
• Parties representing industrial interest are
well served by/in EC
• Formally science services and space service
receive attention but in practice have no
reception in EC
Role of other parties in ETSI and
CENELEC
• Active participation by parties representing
industry
• No participation by parties from science
services (membership too expensive)
Some current issues (2002)
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Preparation WRC-03
Ultra-Wideband (UWB)/Short Range Radar
Power Line Communication
Broadcasting re-planning (T-DAB/S-DAB)
UMTS/IMT2000 developments
European Common Allocation Table (ECA)
Concluding remarks
• In Europe, frequency regulation is managed by
CEPT (under MoU with EC)
• CEPT guidelines provide national Administrations
with ‘instruments’ for harmonized European
frequency management
• CRAF participates actively in this process
(collaboration/communication with national
Administrations and at CEPT level)
ESF Committee on Radio
Astronomy Frequencies
Wim van Driel chairman
Titus Spoelstra frequency manager
E-mail: [email protected]
URL: www.astron.nl/craf
CRAF in Europe
• started in 1987
• ‘expert committee’ of European Science
Foundation in 1988
• in 2002:
17 member countries,
3 organisations (EISCAT, ESA, IRAM)
European radio astronomy
• CRAF member countries: 17
(not participating: Greece, Ukraine)
• 40 radio observatories
• frequency range: 13 MHz - 275 GHz
(= whole ITU allocation range)
• European VLBI network
• Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe
Relation with the Conference of
European Post and Telecommunication
Administrations, CEPT
• observer status in CEPT
• participation in CEPT work at various
levels:
Participation in CEPT work
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ECC Working Group FM
ECC Working Group SE
various FM and SE project teams
development of CEPT WRC positions
via CEPT communicate with other
organizations (e.g. NATO, IARU)
Relation with European Commission
• Incidentally only: CEPT handles frequency
management issues in Europe
Relation with European
Telecommunication Standards Institute,
ETSI
• In consultation processes
Relation with Administrations
• support radio astronomy at a
national level
CRAF publications
• CRAF Handbooks for
- Radio Astronomy (1997)
- Frequency Management (2002)
• CRAF Newsletter (2-4 per year)
• All can be downloaded from the
CRAF website: www.astron.nl/craf
CRAF - global
• Collaboration/coordination with IUCAF
• Liaison with CORF
• ITU-R sector member