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July 13, ‘05
Design of Solenoid and iron yoke
for GLD
KEK Hiroshi Yamaoka
Ken-ichi Tanaka
1
Introduction
Solenoid
Cable
Iron Yoke
Muon Tracker
H-Cal
Solenoid/Iron yoke
Magnetic field: 3T
Mean radius: 4m
Uniformity(TPC): <2mm
EM Cal
TPC
VTX
Yoke Design
- Design against magnetic field
- Design against forces
- Assembly procedure
- Cable path
- Support for sub-detectors
- Access plan to the sub-detector
Earthquake
Solenoid Design
- Coil/superconductor design
- Cryostat design
- Coil support
- Assembly/Installation
- Thermal design
- Cryogenics system
2
Boundary condition
Material: S10C(JIS)
Carbon= 0.1wt%
st=310MPa
se=205MPa
sallow=120MPa
Belle
3000
Permeability
Magnetic Field
Bc= 3 Tesla
Permeability
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
B(T)
6
10
5
10
4
Field Uniformity
<2mm
H(A/m)
10
3
10
2
10
1
10
0
10
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
B(T)
Z2
R2
Solenoid

Z max
0
These dimensions are fixed,
Coil length, yoke dimensions are changed.
Br
dz  2mm
Bz
3
3T
In the previous meeting(ACFA7 in Taipei),

Z max
0
Br
dz  2mm
Bz
*Air gap=10cm
2mm
8 layers
R2.05m
R1.8m
1
Iron
R1.0m
<2mm
0
Cryostat
Coil
Inner radius
Outer radius
Half length
Mean radius
Half length
Central magnetic field
# of turns(2 layers)
Current density
Nominal current
Inductance
Stored Energy
3.72m
4.4m
5.25m
4.0m
4.93m
3T
4576 turns
741A/mm2
5338A
81.0H
1.8GJ
Ｓuperconductor
4.3mm
(For ATLAS)
30mm
2 layers coil + No correction Coil
R0.4m
4.2mm
NbTi:Cu:Al= 1:0.9:15.6
Strand diameter: 1.23mm
Filament diameter: 20mm
Jc in NbTi at 5T, 4.2K: > 2750A/mm2
4
Ic at 5T, 4.2K: > 20300A
Tesla Solenoid
18.8kA
24.5kA
How in GLD solenoid?
Tesla Technical Design Report
PART IV
A Detector for TESLA
March 2001
Editors: T.Benke, S.Bertolucci, R.D.Heuer, R.Settles
5
Calculations
R4.0m
Coil-L
4.25m
Coil-M
Coil-C
Jcorr/Jmain
Coil-L CoilL-M CoilL-C factor
3.83
3.33
0.5
1
3.83
3.33
0.5
2
3.83
3.33
0.5
2.5
3.83
3.33
0.5
2.8
3.83
3.33
0.5
2.9
3.83
3.33
0.5
3
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
3.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
2.83
1
1
1
1
1
1
1.5
1.7
1.8
2
2.2
2.5
Bmin Bmax
2.787 3.038
2.976 3.109
2.972 3.042
2.955 3.014
2.977 3.036
2.977 3.036
Bc
2.9676
3.0780
3.0312
2.9890
3.0051
2.9978
Unif
8.262
4.278
2.301
1.958
1.943
1.943
2.886
2.904
2.953
3.002
2.990
2.974
2.9838
2.9719
3.0096
3.0351
3.0118
3.0142
4.151
2.714
2.477
2.469
3.048
4.862
3.011
2.985
3.028
3.078
3.084
3.126
 B
Unif (%)  1  min
 Bmax

 100

•To satisfy field homogeneity in
TPC volume, this value must be at
least less then 0.3%.
Hopeless...
6
R4.0m
Coil-L
Coil-M
Coil-C
dz
io
4.25m
Jcorr/Jmain
dr
io ithck dz
eyinra eyinr Coil-L
0.47 0.75
4.43
0.47 0.75
4.43
0.47 0.75
4.43
CoilL CoilL-Main Corr Ratio
3.43
1 1.5
3.43
1 1.3
3.43
1 1.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.4
3.6
0.5
0.18
0.47
0.75
4.43
3.93
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
3.93
3.83
4.03
3.98
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.3
3.4
3.2
3
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.5
2.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
4.43
3.93
3.93
3.93
3.93
3.93
3.93
3.93
3.93
Bmin Bmax Bc
Unif
2.970
2.993
3.035
2.998
3.040
3.067
2.976
3.031
3.031
0.934
1.546
1.043
2.0
2.955
2.977
2.960
0.739
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.45
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.957
2.980
2.981
3.001
2.977
3.018
3.004
3.022
2.961
2.989
3.000
3.015
0.672
1.259
0.766
0.695
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.997
2.993
2.989
2.998
2.995
2.992
2.997
2.998
3.013
3.007
2.998
3.004
2.998
2.999
3.001
3.002
3.001
2.996
2.991
3.000
2.997
2.998
3.000
2.999
0.531
0.466
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.233
0.133
0.133
 B
Unif (%)  1  min
 Bmax

 100

0.6
0.5
Uniformity(%)
Added!
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
io(m)
73.2
3.4
A’. Unif.<2mm, No correction Coil
A. Unif.<2mm, With correction Coil
6 layers
8 layers
-0.6mm
2mm
Coil length(Half)=4.93m
Coil length(Half)=4.43m
B. Unif.<20mm, No correction Coil
0.1
0
Iron
Uniformity(mm)
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
7 layers
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
0
18mm
0.5
1
1.5
Distance from center (m)
2
2.5
8
*Air gap=10cm
Coil length(Half)=4.68m
A. Unif.<2mm, With correction Coil, Air gap=10cm
Magnetic Field/Flux lines
Magnetic Field in the TPC
Min. 2.994T
Max. 2.998T
Magnetic Field(T)
Leakage Field along the beam line
1
0.1
0.01
1E-3
1E-4
0
10
20
30
40
Distance from center(m)
50
9
In case of Air gap=5cm + Corr. coil
Magnetic Field/Flux lines
- Half Coil length:
4.32m (5cm gap)
4.43m (10cm gap)
- Width of Iron Yoke
7.14m (5cm gap)
7.45m (10cm gap)
Magnetic Field in the TPC
0.3
0.2
Uniformity (mm)
0.1
0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
0
0.5
1
1.5
Distance from center (m)
2
10
2.5
Stress/deformation of Iron Yoke
Self-weight
Seismic force
7700tons
Earthquake
Magnetic force
0.3GxSelf-weight
B2
FZ 
S
2m 0
32
 2


8
2  4  10 7 4
= 18400tons
18400tons
ANSYS: 18342tons
11
Symmetry is NOT defined!
0.8mm
Results
Against Self-weight
7700tons
1.5mm
Seismic force
Support positions
0.3G
Thickness= 5cm
Stress level is small enough.
12
End Yoke
Fixed
(Faces)
Fixed
(Faces)
Results
4mm
55MPa
<120MPa(sa)
13
Solenoid magnet
t40mm
Al support cylinder
t30mm
50cm
t100mm
2 layers
4 layers
t60mm
2 layers coil + Correction Coil(4 layers)
Central magnetic field
# of turns(2 layers)
Current density
Nominal current
Stored Energy
3T
2880
741A/mm2
7956A
1.60GJ
3T
2812
741A/mm2
8159A
1.56GJ
Ｓuperconductor
(Based on ATLAS coil)
6.5mm
4.3mm
NbTi:Cu:Al= 1:0.9:15.6
Strand diameter: 1.23mm
Filament diameter: 20mm
Jc in NbTi at 5T, 4.2K:
> 2750A/mm2
Ic at 5T, 4.2K: > 20300A 14 4.2mm
30mm
2 layer+Correction Coil
10cm
5cm
(-0.55) - 0 (-0.3) - (+0.25)
3.72m
3.72m
4.4m
4.4m
4.75m
4.64m
191
186
4.0m
4.0m
4.43m
4.32m
78
76
45mm
Config.
Air Gap
Uniformity(mm)
Cryostat Inner radius
Outer radius
Half length
Weight(tons)
Coil
Mean radius
Half length
Weight(tons)
5002 8 LUJ
13:64:91
Support cylinder
(t=30mm, Aluminum)
Deformation of the coil (By K.Tanaka)
7mm
Conductor
(h=45mm)
R4.0m
2=
1=
2=
270800.=
Solenoid center
3mm
4.43m(Half)
Stress level in the coil (By K. Tanaka)
140
Development of High-strength Al
120
Compression
Stress (MPa)
100
80
Von Mises
Circum. direction
60
40
20
Axial direction
0
-20
-40
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
15
Distance from center (m)
By Makida
Cryostat
Material: SUS304
2000tons
x0.3G
2000tons
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
Fixed
t=40mm(Outer vac. wall)
t=100mm
(End plate)
t=60mm(Inner vac. wall)
125MPa
118MPa<140MPa
9mm
9mm
16
Conclusion
Config.
Air Gap
Uniformity(mm)
Barrel
Yoke
End
Width(Half)
B.Yoke(tons)
E.Yoke(tons)
Detector(tons)
Total(tons)
Cryostat
Coil
Solenoid Magnet
Inner radius
Outer radius
Half length
Weight(tons)
Mean radius
Half length
Weight(tons)
Central magnetic field
# of turns(2 layers)
Current density
Nominal current
Stored Energy
3.72m
4.4m
4.75m
191
4.0m
4.43m
78
3.72m
4.4m
4.64m
186
4.0m
4.32m
76
3.72m
4.4m
5.25m
211
4.0m
4.93m
82
3.72m
4.4m
5.0m
201
4.0m
4.63m
77
3T
2880
741A/mm2
7956A
1.60GJ
3T
2812
741A/mm2
8159A
1.56GJ
3T
4586 turns
741A/mm2
5338A
1.77GJ
3T
4306turns
741A/mm2
5338A
1.67GJ
50cm
t=50mm
2 layers
2mm+Corr. Coil
2mm+No Corr 20mm+No corr
10cm
5cm
10cm
(-0.55) - 0 (-0.3) - (+0.25) (+0.2) - (+2)
(+4) - (+18)
5 layers
5 layers
5 layers
5 layers
6 layers
6 layers
8 layers
7 layers
7.45m
7.14m
8.45m
7.7m
7900
7600
9100
7950
2000x2
2000x2
2450x2
2250x2
3000
3000
3000
3000
14900
14600
17000
15450
2 layers
4 layers
- 2 layers coil + 4 layers coil(L=500mm at both ends).
- Same current density.
-Power supply for the correction coil is not necessary.
17
Next step
Urgent!
Assembly procedure
Required space for detector hall
Other items
Solenoid
Coil support
Solenoid support
Assembly/Installation, etc.
Iron Yoke
Support structure for barrel/end yoke
Easy/quick access device
Construction procedure
Design support structure for inner detector
18
19
Task list for Magnet
Coil/superconductor design
R4.0m
Solenoid
Tesla
Correction coil
Iron Yoke
- Optimize coil configuration
2 layers coil+ Al support cylinder + Correction
coil?
→ Calculation: Magnetic force on the coil
- Superconductor design
Conductor size, Material(Al?, Cu?)
→ Calculation: Load line, Quench simulation
Coil support system
- Configuration(Rod?, triangle shape?, string?), size?
→ Calculation: De-centering/shifted force
Self-weight, Thermal load
Coil supports have to withstand these forces.
Cryostat design
- Calculate required wall thickness.
Calorimeter is supported on the inner vacuum wall.
- How support?
Assembly/Installation
- Assembling procedure.
- How install/support the solenoid into the yoke.
Cooling scheme
Thermal design
Cryogenics system
Power Supply
20
Task list for Iron Yoke
Barrel Yoke
Cable Solenoid
End Yoke
Magnetic field calculation
- Optimize iron yoke configuration
Field uniformity<2mm +Correction coil
Try to loose amount of iron
Support structure for iron yoke (barrel yoke/end
yoke)
How support the yoke against forces.
Fixture, Bolts? Configuration, Size
→ Calculation: Self-weight, magnetic force, seismic
force?
The size of support → Minimize as possible
Yoke assembling
Tesla
Size/Weight of one layer(plate)
→ Out of (Fabrication, transportation,crane?) limit.
→ Assembled from several piece of segments.
Segment configuration with keeping stiffness as
complete one structure has to be considered.
Construction
Make a construction procedure
→ Easy/quick construction with high assembling
accuracy.
Adjust way to the beam line/level
Maintenance procedures
Design: Easy/quick access mechanism to the inner
detector.
21
Design support structure for inner detector
Task list for the solenoid magnet
1
1
→ Calculation: Load line, Quench simulation
1
2,3
- Configuration(Rod?, triangle shape?, string?), size?
3
- Calculation: De-centering/shifted force
2
1
How support the yoke against the following forces.
→ Calculation: Self-weight, magnetic force, seismic force?
1
Size/Weight of one layer(plate)
→ Out of (Fabrication, transportation,crane?) limit.
→ Assembled from several piece of segments.
Cryostat design
1
Calorimeter is supported on the inner vacuum wall.
- Supprt structure
Support structure for iron yoke (barrel yoke/end yoke)
Yoke assembling
Coil support system
- Calculate required wall thickness.
1
Fixture, Bolts? Configuration, Size
- Superconductor design
Conductor size, Material(Al?, Cu?)
- Optimize iron yoke configuration
Field uniformity<2mm +Correction coil
2 layers coil+ Al support cylinder + Correction coil?
→ Calculation: Magnetic force on the coil
Priority
Magnetic field calculation
Coil/superconductor design
- Optimize coil configuration
Task list for the Iron Yoke
Priority
2
Make an engineering drawing
- Rough
2
- Detail
3
Assembly/Installation
2
Make an engineering drawing
- Rough
2
- Detail
3
Construction
Make a construction procedure
→ Easy/quick construction with high assembling accuracy.
Adjust way to the beam line/level
3
Maintenance procedures
- Assembling procedure.
2
- How install/support the magnet into iron yoke.
3
3
3
Design: Easy/quick access mechanism to the inner detector.
2
Design support structure for inner detector
3
Estimation of required space for;
2
Cooling scheme
3
Thermal design
2
Cryogenics system
3
- Coil winding
Power Supply
3
- Cryogenic system
- Yoke assembling.
Required crane capacity
2
22
Stress/deformation of End Yoke
Fixed
(Edge)
208MPa
>120MPa
Max. 8.5mm
23