Transcript Document

PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
PPRT
Safe Communities & a Sustainable
Hazaedous Industry : Present and
Future
Discussion
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Purpose and Contents of Safety Report
PPRT
 Demonstrating that major accidents hazards have
been identified and that the necessary measures
have been taken to prevent such accidents and to
limit their consequences for persons and the
environment.
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Minimum Information to be included
in a Safety Report_______________
PPRT
Identification and accidental risk analysis
and prevention methods:
 detailed description of the possible
major accident scenarios
 and their probability -----------
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Minimum Information to be included in a
Safety Report_______________________
PPRT
 Identification and accidental risk analysis and
prevention methods:
• 4(b) assessment of the extent and severity of
the consequences of identified
major accidents

(R2P2 p76)
Population
ABC Chem Tank
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
ALARP in COMAH_____
PPRT
 All Measures Necessary
(AMN) = SFAIRP = ALARP
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Existing Guidance____________
PPRT
 HSE has produced a suite of guidance
documents concerning ALARP. These
are designed to give high level
principles.
Relationship between R2P2 and the ALARP Suite
informs*
'ALARP
'R2P2'
Principles and
Guidelines'
informs**
Information
to Stakeholders
HSE's
expectation
e.g. TOR
framework,
primacy of
Good
Practice,
tolerability
criteria
'Good
Practice'
legal commentary
+ policy
Guidance
to Staff
'Design'
D/Ds'
Guidance
HSE's expectation/enforcement policy
* Annex 3 of R2P2 reflects the ALARP guidance
** e.g. the concept of 'hypothetical person' set out in R2P2 is adopted in the ALARP guidance
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
PPRT
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
ALARP Demonstration____
“Reducing Risks, Protecting People”
PPRT
“…. suitable controls must be in place to
address all significant hazards …. and those
controls, at a minimum, must implement
authoritative good practice irrespective of
situation-based risk estimates ….”
“authoritative good practice” =
prescriptive legislation, ACOPs,
guidance produced by government
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
ALARP Demonstration_______
“Reducing Risks, Protecting People”
PPRT
“… both individual risks and societal
concerns …. must be taken into account in
deciding whether a risk is unacceptable,
tolerable or broadly acceptable …”
“individual risks also give rise to societal
concerns and the latter often play a far
greater role in deciding whether risk is
unacceptable or not.”
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
ALARP Principle____________
PPRT
Measures to reduce risk must be taken
until the risk is broadly acceptable (BA)
or until the cost of further risk reduction
would be grossly disproportionate (GD)
to the reduction in risk that would be
achieved.
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Principles guidance____________
PPRT
“We believe it is right that, in all cases, the
judgment as to whether measures are
grossly disproportionate should reflect
societal risk, that is to say, large numbers of
people (employees or the public) being killed
at one go.”
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
ALARP Diagram
Unacceptable region
Level of risk cannot be justified except in extraordinary circumstances.
________________________________________________________
PPRT
Tolerable region
If the risks fall in this region then a CASE SPECIFIC ALARP
demonstration is required. The extent of the demonstration
should be proportionate to the level of risk.
__________________________________________________________
Broadly acceptable region
Level of residual risk is regarded as insignificant and further
effort to reduce risk not likely to be required. ALARP
demonstration based upon adherence to codes, standards and
established good practice. These must be shown to be up to
date and relevant to the operations in question.
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Case Specific ALARP
demonstration____________
PPRT
Operator has to answer the
following fundamental question:
What more can I do to reduce
the risks”?
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Case Specific ALARP
demonstration____________
PPRT
Also:
“Why have I not done it?”
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
PPRT
If the measure appears
reasonable and it cannot be
shown that the cost of the
measure is grossly
disproportionate to the benefit
to be gained, then the Operator
is duty bound to implement that
measure
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Proportionate Risk Assessment
PPRT
 The depth of the analysis in the
operators report should be
proportionate to:
a) the nature and scale of the MAHs
b) the risks posed to neighbouring
populations
BLEVE
PPRT
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Risk estimation____________
PPRT
Selection of a representative set of
events
Estimation of consequences and
frequency for each event
Ranking and screening (eg risk
matrix, fn curves)
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Risk Matrix (Illustrative)
Likely >10-2
PPRT
Unlikely
10-4-10-2
Very Unlikely
Intolerable
Intolerable
TIFALARP
TIFALARP(
(Intolerable if
Fatality >10-3)
(Intolerable if
Fatality >10-3)
TIFALARP
TIFALARP
10-6-10-4
Remote
10-6-10-8
Broadly
Acceptable
Broadly
Acceptable
Single Fatality
2-10 Fatalities
Intolerable
Intolerable
Intolerable
Intolerable
Intolerable
Intolerable
TIFALARP/
TIFALARP/
Intolerable
Intolerable
Intolerable
TIFALARP/
TIFALARP
TIFALARP
50-100 Fatalities
100+ Fatalities
Broadly
Acceptable?
11-50 Fatalities
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
ALARP Demonstration______
PPRT
 But the higher the installation lies on the
societal concerns scale the greater the need
to look for additional measures, over and
above the normal standards.
How to approach?
• 1. Identify risk reduction measures.
• 2. Assess using Lines Of Defence
analysis with cost estimates
• 3. Possibly, in extreme cases, add a Cost
Benefit Analysis.
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Proportionality: Type of ALARP Demo
Risk reduction
regardless of cost
Intolerable
Relevant Good Practice
Plus
PPRT
Risk reduction
Measures
Plus
Tolerable if ALARP
Gross
Disproportion
Relevant Good
Practice
Broadly Acceptable
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Sensitivity and uncertainty
analysis_______________
Would being more thorough be
worthwhile?
PPRT
Uncertainties in models, data,
methodology.
Cautious best-estimate basis.
Adopt
p89 91R2P2
Precautionary Approach
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Purpose of SR is to demonstrate
AMNs (ALARP) from an activity
(`risk from what`)_____________
PPRT
Four combinations (`risk of what`
and `risk to what`):
1 IR to those on-site
2 IR to those off-site
3 SR to those on-site
4 SR to those off-site
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
`So what`
If all the risks are BA then
compliance with good practice
demonstrates ALARP
PPRT
Otherwise the events that
contribute significantly to the
risks need to be identified, risk
reduction options compiled,and
appropriate decision aids used
(eg LOPA for simple cases
CBA for more difficult ones)
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
If AMNs are in place for each
major accident scenario then
there is nothing more that can be
PPRT
done.
`Explicit` detailed quantification of
risks is not necessary unless the
proportionality is high
PREVENTION DES RISQUES ET LUTTE CONTRE LES POLLUTIONS
Questions?
PPRT