19th-Century Nationalism

Part I: Nations and Nationalism

What does this mean to you?

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Nationalism and Daily Life

• Holidays • Music and art • Literature • Food • Costumes • History • Sports • Museums and monuments 3

Nationalism is: • The ideology or doctrine of nations • The feeling of belonging to a nation • The language or symbolism of a nation • Social and political movements on behalf of a nation • The process through which nations are formed —Anthony D. Smith 4

German Romantic Nationalism

“Nature brings forth families; the most natural state therefore is also one people, with a national character of its own.” —Herder 5

What Is a Nation?

“A nation is primarily a community, a definite community of people, a stable community of people . . .” —Joseph Stalin 6

“A national community is inconceivable without a common language . . . ” —Stalin 7

Language

“Has a people anything dearer than the speech of its fathers? In its speech resides its whole thought domain, its tradition, history, religion, and basis of life, all its heart and soul.” —Herder 8

The Elbe River Where is the German's fatherland?

Then name, oh, name the mighty land!

Wherever is heard the German tongue, And German hymns to God are sung!

This is the land, thy Hermann's land; This, German, is thy fatherland.

—Ernst Moritz Arndt 9

“Community of territory is one of the characteristic features of a nation . . . This requires, in addition, an internal economic bond which welds the various parts of a nation into a single whole . . .” —Joseph Stalin 10