Transcript Viva Las Vegas

“Moving on Up”
Transitioning to
High-Performance Aircraft
Peter Long, CFI, CFII, MEI
[email protected]
Agenda
►
How much horsepower do I need to fly !
►
Propellers
►
Engines and Turbochargers
►
Other Considerations
►
FAA Rules – just in case
►
Questions
How much horsepower do I need to fly ?
The
North
Wright
Cessna
American
Flyer
172SP
Turbo
–T-28
206
–12180
–HP
–1100->1600
310
HP HP
HP– (equivalent)
North
American
Trojan
800HPHP
Boeing
747
–P-51
90,000
Propellers
► Convert
► Fixed
engine HP to thrust
vs. Constant Speed
► Torque
& P-Factor
Propellers – Fixed
► Angle
of attack varies
with airspeed &/or RPM
► Optimized
for a single
airspeed/RPM
► Therefore
it has poorer
efficiency other times
Propellers – Constant Speed
► Changes
blade angle
to maintain optimal
angle of attack over
wide range of airspeed
and RPM settings
► More
complexity
► Additional
cockpit
control (propeller)
How the whole thing works
How the governor works
On RPM
High RPM
Low RPM
Oil
To Prop
Oil
To Prop
To Prop
By adjusting blade angle, governor maintains optimal AoA and constant engine RPM
Changes in airspeed
► Climbing






Airspeed slows
Angle of attack increases
Engine RPM slows
Governor reduces blade angle
Engine RPM recovers
Angle of attack back to optimal
Use of Propeller Control
► Power
► Power
Increase - Mixture, Prop, Throttle
Decrease - Throttle, Prop Mixture
Example : T206
► Takeoff - High RPM Setting, Full Power
► Climb - Set to top of green (MP, RPM, Fuel flow)
► Cruise - Per the POH
► Descent - Reduce Throttle 1 Inch Per Minute
► Landing - Prop High RPM (typically on base)
Propellers
► Convert
► Fixed
engine HP to thrust
vs. Constant Speed
► Torque
& P-Factor
Propellers – Torque
► Left
turning tendency
► Strongest with high power
► Did I say “right rudder”
Propellers – P-factor
► Left
turning tendency
► Strongest
with high
 Power
 Angles of attack
► Take-off,
► Right
go-around
rudder !!!!
Agenda
►
How much horsepower do I need !
►
Propellers
►
Engines and Turbochargers
►
Other Considerations
►
FAA Rules – just in case
►
Questions
Engine Management
► Bigger
engines -> more heat
► Turbochargers
► Need




-> more heat
to manage CHTs (<400°F)
In the climb – add fuel, reduce fpm
Enroute – cowl flaps, leaning
In the descent – reduce power gradually, keep lean
(Pushing the mixture in generate large changes)
Turbochargers
► Uses
exhaust gas to
drive increase inlet
manifold pressure
► Waste
gate is key to
how much boost
Waste Gate
Exhaust
► Modern
systems have
automatic wastegates
To Intake Manifold
Turbochargers
► Critical
altitude is when
wastegate is fully
closed
► Descent
planning !
► What
happens when
the turbocharger fails
at altitude ?
 (Air start checklist)
Waste Gate
Exhaust
To Intake Manifold
Other Cool Stuff
► Oxygen
or pressurization systems
► Anti-ice,
► Speed
brakes
► Weather
► GPS
De-ice systems
Radar
and/or glass panel avionics
Agenda
►
How much horsepower do I need !
►
Propellers
►
Engines and Turbochargers
►
Other Considerations
►
FAA Rules – just in case
►
Questions
Speed (I feel the need for …)
► Planning
Ahead
 Communications
 Altitude/Power Changes
 Particularly turbo-charged engines
► Longer
Takeoff/Landing Distances
► Larger
Turn Radius
► Longer
Range
Weight
► Momentum
► Stability
► Landing
(Descent)
 Sink rate, use of power
► Landing
(Crosswinds)
 Weathervaning
Read the POH !
► Section
7 - How Things Work
► Section 9 - How the Other Things Work
► Section 2 - What Can Kill You
► Section 3 - When Things DON’T Work
► Section 4 - Normal Procedures
► Sections 5, 6, and 8
Calibrate the Plane
► Power/Flap/Gear









Settings/Airspeeds for:
Climb
Cruise
Descent
Hold / approach level
Precision / non-precision approach
Downwind
Base
Final
Go Around
Agenda
►
How much horsepower do I need !
►
Propellers
►
Engines and Turbochargers
►
Other Considerations
►
FAA Rules – just in case
►
Questions
FAA Rules
►
61.31 –
received and logged ground and flight training
one-time endorsement re proficiency
►
High-performance endorsement
(>200HP)
►
Complex endorsement
(flaps, wheels, propeller)
►
High-altitude endorsement
(pressurized, ceiling > 25,000’)
Any questions ?
West Valley Flying Club
► Over
80 airplanes for rent – SQL, PAO, HWD
► Over
20 high performance planes
► http://www.wvfc.org
► Come
visit us in the terminal building
Come outside and play
3 high-performance planes from
West Valley Flying Club on display
► N206DW
► N4195U
– Cessna T206 turbo 310HP 6 seats
– Cessna C182 235 HP
Moving on Up
Peter Long, CFI, CFII, MEI
[email protected]
http://www.outback-aviation.com/Seminars.htm
(408) 406 7370
Thanks to Dave Fry, Trevor Thom, and the internet…