Transcript PowerPoint Presentation - Carl Jung

Carl Jung (1875-1961)
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In addition to being a
psychologist
Jung was an artist:
He painted, drew and sculpted
He designed and built a “Tower” for himself
(see Bollingen, next slide)
Jung was somewhat of a mystic:
He thought that repressing one’s spiritual
calling would create psychological
problems in the individual.
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The entrance to Bollingen
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Bollingen is
Near Zurich, Switzerland
Prof De Cubas and I went there last
summer (among other places)
The building of this place reflected
Jung's own psychological growth and
unfolding through the years.
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Jung's ways of thinking :
Quantitative:
He did an experimental study of word associations
He analyzed thousands of dreams
Qualitative:
He relied on the clinical, case study method
Analogical and symbolic:
In his theories involving the collective
unconscious, archetypes and psychological
alchemy
In the mandalas he drew, and the art he made.
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Mandalas? What are they?
They are circle kinds of drawings
representative of the self.
They have been used ritually in Eastern
meditation practices also.
Here is a site that gives some illustrations of
Jung's mandalas (but there are many more.
The URL is
http://www.netreach.net/%7Enhojem/jung.htm
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Jung and more objective
methods
Jung thought of himself as a scientist.
One of the methods he pioneered in
clinical psychology is that of word
associations
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Word associations &
Complexes
Francis Galton was the first one to use this
method on himself (1879)
Jung created a list of 100 words. See
http://www.gesher.org/Neurocare/Medical Education/Jungian
Studies/J_empirical_s/Word_assoc_test_form.html
He looked not only at the content of the
associations but also at how long it took the
subject to answer, and any reactions around the
response.
Words giving rise to longer response times
etc… may be connected by common
unconscious (repressed) emotional themes or
complexes.
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An example of diagnosis(1)
A 30 year old woman had atypical responses
on the following words:
Obstinate: it means nothing to me
Evil: no answer
Blue: the eyes of the child I have lost
What had happened:
Her daughter and little son were being given a
bath. She saw her daughter suck on a bath
sponge,thought of stopping her, but did not
interfere. The water was infected and the girl died
of typhoid fever.
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Diagnosis (2)
Two weeks before:
The woman had found out that a man (with similar
blue eyes) she had very much loved had in fact
wanted to marry her, and was angry she married
another.
But she had not known, and under family pressure
had married her current husband, and had two
children by him.
She repressed her feelings when learning this.
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Diagnosis (3)
The woman said:
She had seen her daughter suck the sponge,
thought of stopping her (thought the water might
be contaminated) but did not. She did not do
anything to protect her little son either.
Jung’s interpretation:
The serious negligence (which was almost
murder) resulted from an unconscious desire to
undo her marriage.
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What happened
Jung gave this interpretation to the woman -who did not say much.
The woman, who had been hospitalized for
(seemingly) acute schizophrenia, got better
and within 3 weeks could go home.
Facing the guilt, said Jung, and being aware
of her motives is what healed her.
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Beyond the personal
Unconscious
Is the collective unconscious, an impersonal
or transpersonal unconscious, common to all
humans
In it are images and ideas common to all.
These archetypes are templates of sort, able
to shape experience in particular ways.
Archetypes are a repository of ancestral
memory in symbolic and mythical form.
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Archetypes and spirituality
Common archetypes across cultures provide
us with a readiness to understand each other
at a spiritual level as well as at a
psychological level.
Christian missionaries such as Don
Richardson in Eternity in Their Hearts talk
about "redemptive analogies", stories, images
in many cultures that echo with the Gospel.
Here is a URL that speaks of him:
http://fpccwakefield.com/SermonsPages/Rich/
ser5-25-03everlastinglife.html
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Some well known archetypes
Child
Mother
Trickster or
Magician
Hero
Shadow
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Animus
Anima
Wise-man
Persona
For pictorial representations of
archetypes go to
http://www.aras.org/gallery.html
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Archetypes and society
Jung felt that, not only individuals but
also groups of people, nations, may
project a single archetype at a given
moment of history.
What archetypes is our nation projecting
just now, as we are faced with the issue
of terrorism and possible war?
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Archetypes and dreams
Most dreams reflect the personal
unconscious
Some rare dreams have archetypal content.
Some cultures call them “great dreams”,
connected to a person’s calling or destiny,
and to society as well.
A good intro to Dream Interpretation can be
found at
http://www.cgjungpage.org/index.php?option=com_content&task=view
&id=679&Itemid=41
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Archetypes and synchronicity
An example of synchronicity:
as you rummage through some old things one evening, you
come upon a picture of an old friend you have not heard
from in years. The next day, as you have a cup of coffee at
Starbucks, guess who walks in…
Jung says:
Events can be related through meaning as well as causality,
there can be “meaningful simultaneity” --here through an
archetype activated by your emotion as you looked at the
picture.
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Is this weird yet?
Probably so, for some of the readers,
and it is intriguing for others.
Jung would say, that is probably
because the readers have different
personality types.
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Jungian attitude types
Introversion:
what is primary is the inner life (hence prefers
intimacy needs more time alone).
Extroversion:
what is primary is the external world (hence more
outgoing, adapts easily)
Which is stronger in you?
(it is a question of preference --we all can be one
or the other at times.
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Orientation toward the world
(what Jung calls ectopsychic functions)
Irrational functions (perception)
N: Intuition (awareness, hunches, connection with
the unconscious)
S: Sensing (observation of external facts)
Which is stronger in you?
Rational functions (judgment)
T: Thinking (what a thing is, use of concepts)
F: Feeling (the value of a thing, whether
something is agreeable or disagreeable)
Which is stronger in you?
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Which orientation dominates
your behavior?
P: Perceptual? (irrational)
Tendency to flow with things, with what is
there now
J: Judgment? (rational)
Tendency to organize, schedule
Note: this dimension is an addition by
Myers, and present in the Myers Briggs.
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16 personality types
ESFP
ESFJ
ESTP
ESTJ
ENFP
ENFJ
ENTP
ENTJ
ISFP
ISFJ
ISTP
ISTJ
INFP
INFJ
INTP
INTJ
Functions in red dominate the
Functions in red dominate the
personality, the OPPOSITE
personality, the OPPOSITE
VALUE of the function in
VALUE of function in blue
blue indicates weakness or
indicates weakness or blind
blind spot
spot
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16 ways to be healthy
There is not just one way to be healthy, there
are many ways.
Every way to be --even healthily-- is
incomplete and has weaknesses.
To be whole, we need the help of others, who
have weaknesses where we have strengths.
That is a cherished idea of the Apostle Paul as
well. See for example Rom 12:1-8
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The Process of Individuation
The process by which individuals grow,
develop their patterns of relationship w/
their personal and collective
unconscious.
The pursuit of inner harmony that brings
together in harmony the various
conflicting themes, antagonistic forces
in one’s personality.
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The Transcendent Function
Transcendent function
is the name Jung gives to the drive we have in
ourselves to grow and reconcile our polarities.
Enantiodromia
Is the name given to the process itself. Literally, it
means: “running against”. We grow by developing
the qualities, themes, we have neglected before,
and we become less one-sided.
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Adult development
Suppose a person started adult life
by being strongly career-oriented, then, after 1520 years, the more nurturing, person-oriented
aspects of personality will develop (or vice-versa)
Jung says that, in the middle years,
the Self archetype develops, and, he says, in our
culture, the most perfect symbol of the Self is
Christ. URL: http://www.jungatlanta.com/ChristSelf.html
The Self is the center of who one is, and little by
little it supplants the more narrow ego
The Self, say Jung, is indistinguishable from the
image of God I us.
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Helps to growth
Jung thought that the use of active
imagination greatly facilitated
development.
Hence, he encouraged journaling,
imagining, drawing, expressing oneself
in creative ways.
One type of drawing he paid particular
attention to is the mandala.
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mandala
The mandala (from a sanskrit word meaning “circle”)
Is a circular drawing, often divided into various segments
and layers. Jung saw the mandalas he and his patients drew
as representing various aspects of the self. URL
http://www.faculty.de.gcsu.edu/~dvess/ids/fap/
Mandalas have been and are used by various cultures in
that way also: there are mythological and ritual mandalas.
URL
http://www.uwec.edu/greider/Buddha/Buddhism.Course/stud
ent.culturetexts.'01/lyon.mandalas/links.htm
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Briefly…
One of the most popular aspects of Jung’s theory has
been that of personality types (Myers Briggs test)
His ideas on adult development have been widely
used.
His theory is the first psychological theory
incorporating cross-cultural elements.
His theory also leaves room for the spiritual, hence
religious practitioners (like Christians) have used it -and others have strongly objected to it because they
view it as too syncretic.
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And You?
What do you think?
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