COSHH - A Guide to the Regulations
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Transcript COSHH - A Guide to the Regulations
COSHH - A Guide to the
Regulations
Mark Mallen
Health and Safety Manager
Fenlock Hansen Ltd
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Introduction
COSHH
Control
Of
Substances
Hazardous to
Health
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Introduction
Directly
Naturally
By-products
If exposure is not controlled
– Injuries
– Illness or death
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Objectives
Name 5 potential health effects
5 employers’ duties and 3 employees’
Name 5 hazardous substances
Name 5 routes of entry
Name 3 means of identifying
substances
Name and describe 5 hazard symbols
Describe the hierarchy of control
Conduct an assessment
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Agenda
Potential health effects
Legal background
Hazardous substances
Routes of entry
Identifying substances
Exposure limits
Controlling risks
Working safely
Summary
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Potential Health Effects
Skin problems
– Dermatitis
– Skin cancer
Asthma
– From exposure to sensitisers
Isocyanates
Dusts
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Potential Health Effects
Poisoning
– By drinking from unlabelled bottles
Cancer
– May appear years after first exposure
Infection
– Exposure to bacteria, spores and micro
organisms
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Potential Health Effects
Short-term - acute effects
– Skin / eye irritation
– Headaches
– Dizziness
– Nausea
– Unconsciousness
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Potential Health Effects
Long-term - chronic effects
– Cancer
– Lung disease
– Liver / kidney dysfunction
– Skin disease
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Potential Health Effects
Intermediate effects
– Physiology
– Symptoms may improve
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Legal Background
The Control of Substances Hazardous
to Health Regulations 1999
– A systematic approach to the control of
risk
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Employers' Responsibilities
Assess risks
Prevent or control exposure
Decide on precautions
Ensure controls are used and
maintained
Monitor exposure, and conduct health
surveillance, where necessary
Provide adequate supervision
Provide information, instruction and
training
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Employees' Responsibilities
Follow the rules and safe systems of
work
Use the controls provided, properly
Co-operate with monitoring and health
surveillance
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Hazardous Substances
Solvents
De-fat the skin
Skin disease and dermatitis
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Hazardous Substances
Acids
Burn body tissue
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Hazardous Substances
Gases
Affect the respiratory system
Lung damage
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Hazardous Substances
Oils and lubricants
Skin disease
Engine fumes
Carbon monoxide poisoning
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Hazardous Substances
Wood dust
Some hardwoods carcinogenic at low
levels
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Hazardous Substances
Asbestos
Can lead to lung cancer
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Hazardous Substances
Welding fume
Metal fume fever
Lead
Poisoning
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Hazardous Substances
Animals
Contact with rat’s urine may cause
Weil’s disease
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Routes of Entry
Inhalation
– Breathing in vapours, gases, fumes or
dusts
Ingestion
– Eating or drinking substances
Absorption
– Skin or eyes
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Routes of Entry
Injection
– Entering the body through the skin
Skin contact
– On
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Solvents
Liquids through the skin
Vapours through inhalation
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Acids
Skin contact
Inhalation
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Gases
Inhalation or
Through the skin
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Petrol
Inhalation
Absorption
Skin contact
Ingestion
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Oils and lubricants
Skin contact
Engine fumes
Inhalation
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Wood dust
Skin contact or
Inhalation
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Welding fume
Inhalation
Lead
Skin absorption
Inhalation
Ingestion
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Routes of Entry - Substances
Bio hazards
Weil’s disease
Farmer’s lung
Injection
Inhalation
Ingestion
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Routes of Entry - Substances
In summary
– Many ways to enter the body
– Not always be obvious
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Identifying Substances
Methods
The label
Product safety data sheet
COSHH assessment
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Hazard Warning Labels
All commercially supplied substances
are labelled in a standardised way
– To enable easy identification
– Identify type of hazard posed
– Provide some information
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Hazard Warning Labels
The label should state
– The name of the product
– Hazard symbol(s)
– An indication of danger
– Warning (risk phrase)
– Safety advice (safety phrase)
– Manufacturers or suppliers details
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Hazard Warning Labels
Designed to warn
Advise of action to protect
Not work instructions
Always refer to
– The risk assessment
– COSHH assessment
– Safe working practice
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Hazard Warning Labels
Do not assume
– Labels may be missing
– Substances may have been decanted
– May not be hazardous in the form
supplied
– May become hazardous when mixed
– If in doubt, seek advice
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Hazard Warning Labels
Sad but true
– A cleaner mixed Harpic and Domestos
creating chlorine gas, as used in the
trenches in WW1
She died
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Hazard Symbols
Corrosive
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Hazard Symbols
Corrosive
– May cause serious burns
– Minor contact may cause skin damage
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Hazard Symbols
Flammable
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Hazard Symbols
Flammable
– Burns with little heat applied
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Hazard Symbols
Harmful or Irritant - Xn or Xi
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Hazard Symbols
Irritant – Xi
– Non-corrosive
– May cause painful inflammation
– Could lead to dermatitis
Harmful – Xn
– May cause limited health effects
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Hazard Symbols
Oxidising
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Hazard Symbols
Oxidising
– May cause spontaneous combustion
– In contact with other substances
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Hazard Symbols
Toxic / Very Toxic
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Hazard Symbols
Very toxic
– Extremely serious acute or chronic health
effects or even death
Toxic
– Serious acute or chronic health effects or
even death
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Hazard Symbols
Risk of Explosion
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Hazard Symbols
Environmental Hazard
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Risk Phrase
States the hazard of the material
– ‘Harmful by inhalation’
– ‘Toxic if swallowed’
– ‘Highly flammable’
– ‘Irritating to eyes’
– ‘May cause drowsiness’
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Safety Phrase
States what precautions should be
taken
– ‘In case of insufficient ventilation, wear
suitable respiratory equipment’
– ‘Keep container tightly closed’
– ‘Avoid contact with skin and eyes’
– ‘No smoking’
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Material Data Sheets
Describes the characteristics of
the substance in 16 categories:
1.
Identification of the substance and
company
Composition / information on
ingredients
Hazards
2.
3.
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Material Data Sheets
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
First-aid measures
Fire-fighting measures
Accidental release measures
Handling and storage
Exposure controls / personal
protection
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Material Data Sheets
9.
10.
11.
12.
Physical and chemical properties
Stability and reactivity
Toxicological information
Ecological information
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Material Data Sheets
13.
14.
15.
16.
Disposal considerations
Transport information
Regulatory information
Other information
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Material Data Sheets
Used to complete a COSHH (risk)
assessment
It is not a replacement
Or substitute
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Exposure Limits
Some substances pose a significant
risk to health
Controlled by specific legislation
– Asbestos
– Lead
– Not the COSHH regulations
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Exposure Limits
Some substances have exposure limits
MEL, STEL & OEL
Stated in EH40 - current addition
These levels are important when
assessing health risks
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Controlling Risks
Hazard
– A substance with the potential to cause
harm
Risk
– A measure of the likelihood that it will
cause harm in the way that it is used
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Controlling Risks
Remember
– The hazard is constant
Risk changes
– How it is used
– How much is used
– Handled
– Stored
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Controlling Risks
Poor control can create a risk
– Even if the substance is not particularly
hazardous
With proper precautions
– The most hazardous substances can be
controlled
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Risk Assessment
A COSHH assessment is an
examination of the risk posed by
– The substance
– How it is used
– The amount of exposure
Resulting in
– Control measures and safe working
practices
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Practical Exercise 1
Scenario 1
– A chemical is used as part of an
adhesive spray
– The operator uses it all day
– Spraying door panels on a
production line, before a covering is
applied
– A 200-litre drum lasts a week
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Practical Exercise 1
Scenario 2
– An operator has a container with
500ml of solvent
– Used to wipe off excess adhesive,
after the covering is applied
– The container lasts about a week
before it needs refilling
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Practical Exercise 1
Scenario
3
– Using a solvent-based marker pen
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Practical Exercise 1
Decide on a risk rating for using the
above substances
Consider the situations described and
consider the control measures required
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Practical Exercise 1
For the operative spraying door panels
– Local exhaust ventilation
– Respiratory protective equipment
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Practical Exercise 1
For the operative using solvent to
clean-off
– Gloves
– Good ventilation
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Practical Exercise 1
Using a marker pen
– None considered necessary
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Hierarchy of Control
Elimination / Substitution
Reduction
Enclose the process
Engineered methods
PPE
Underpinned by supervision
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PPE
Often the only effective means of
control
– Suitable for the hazard
– Looked after and maintained
– Suitable for the users
– Used by trained workers
– Worn when specified
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Control Systems
Employers must
– Maintain, examine and test
– Monitor exposure levels
– Conduct health surveillance
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Emergency Procedures
Exposure
from accidental releases
Vital that everybody knows what to
do
Clean-up procedures
Evacuation procedures
Liaison with emergency services
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The Hansen Method
Task-based
assessments
Tasks may use more than one
substance
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Practical Exercise 2
Conduct an assessment
Using a hazard data sheet for a
substance that we use in the
workplace
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Working Safely
Operatives
– Ensure that you see the COSHH
assessment and SWP
Before you start
– Follow the SWP and COSHH assessment
– Use the control measures provided
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Working Safely
– Wear the PPE
– Co-operate with monitoring and health
surveillance
– Report problems
– Work in a safe and responsible manner
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Working Safely
Managers and supervisors
– Conduct and review assessments
– Issue and make available
– Discuss contents
– Record issue and training given
– Ensure changes are reflected
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Working Safely
– Ensure control measures are
Maintained
Continue to be effective
Are used
– Deal with concerns
– Provide information, instruction and
training
– Supervise
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Summary
COSHH is designed to protect people
Providing information
Assessing risk
Controlling exposure
Ensuring controls are suitable
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Objectives
Name 5 potential health effects
5 employers’ duties and 3 employees’
Name 5 hazardous substances
Name 5 routes of entry
Name 3 means of identifying
substances
Name and describe 5 hazard symbols
Describe the hierarchy of control
Conduct an assessment
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The End or the Beginning?
Any Questions
Thanks for Listening
And don’t forget
Be Safe!
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